BAR 



Species, Btirriii^tcnia fpechfa, laurel-leaved B. I^in. 

 Syil. Supp. Cook, Voy. I. 157. 2\.fg. Foill. J. F. 

 Miller, ic. 7. A lofty tree and the liandfomcft in the whole 

 eqiiinoftia flora, abounding with thick, fliady bunches of 

 leaves, every where intermixed with beautiful purple and 

 white flowers ; trunk lofty, thick, ftraight, covered with a 

 daik grey, fmooth bark, fcored with little chinks ; branches 

 expanding widely, varioufly divided, fomewhat bending 

 downwards, and befit with rr.any leaves at the ends ; leavfs 

 crowded, the upper in a kind of whorl, feffile, wedge-dia- 

 pcd, obtufe, quite entire, expanding from a foot to fifteen 

 inches in length, thick, coriaceous, very fmooth, dark green, 

 fliitiing with yellow veins; flowers on a folitary ereft thyrfe, 

 a foot in length ; peduncle fmooth, a foot long ; pedicels 

 five, to twenty, one-flowered, three or four inches long ; 

 bractcs roundifl), folitary at tlie bafe of the pedicels ; flow- 

 ers lar"-e, white, tranfparent ; fdaments and ftyle diaphanous, 

 purple at the top; anthers gold-coloured; drupe reddilh brown. 

 Tlie flowers open during the night, and fail at fun-rife. 

 The feed is faid to inebriate fifli in tlie fune manner as coc- 

 culus indicus, &c. It grows w ithiii the tropics, efpccially 

 on tlie fliores of the ocean and at the mouths of rivers, in 

 the F.aft Indies frinii the fouthern coafts of China through 

 the Molucca illes to Otaheite and tlie other Society ifles. 

 It is cultivated in the governor's garden at St. Helena. 

 Introduced here in 1786, by Mr. A. Hove. 



BARRISTER, in Law, a perfon qualified and impow- 

 ered to plead, and defend the caufes of clients in the courts 

 of juflice. Tiic word is formed from lar, larra, a name 

 given the place where they (land to plead. 



Barrifters, in the Englilh law, amount to the fame with 

 licent'tjtcs, and advocates, in other countries and courts, where 

 the civil, &c. laws obtain. 



Anciently they vveie denominated among us, apbrtnt'ices of 

 the laiv, apprcnticii juris nolil/iorfs ; now ufually cmmfelhrs at 

 lazv : and they fecm to have been firft appointed by an or- 

 dinance of king Edward I. in parliament, in the twentieth 

 year of his reign. 



Before they were called to the bar they were formerly 

 obliged to Itudy eight years, now reduced to five ; the ex- 

 ercifes required (if they were not called ex gniiia) were 

 twelve grand moots performed in the inns of chancery, in 

 the time of the grand readings, and twenty four petty 

 moots, in term time before the readers of the refpeftivc inns, 

 and a barriller newly called was to attend the fix (or four) 

 next long vacations the exercife of the houfe, viz. in Lent 

 and fununer, and was thereupon for thofe three (or two) 

 years llyled a vacitwn harrijler. They are alfo called Utter 

 harr'ijiers, i. e. pleaders oujier or without the bar ; to diflin- 

 guifli them from benchers, or thofe that have been readers, 

 who are fometimes admitted to plead within the bar ; as the 

 king's, queen's, or prince's, counfel are ; hence called inner 

 harrijlers, 5 El. cap. i. 



Barr'ijlers, according to Fortefcue, might be called to the 

 ftate and degree o( ferjeanls, when they were of fixteen years 

 Handing. See Coi/nsel and Serjeant. 



Barrifters who conftantly attend the kings bench, &c. are 

 to have the privilege of being fued in tranfitory aftions in 

 the county of Middlefex. But the court will not change 

 the venue, becaufe fome of the defendants are barrillers. 

 Pleas before they are filed, muft be figned by a barriller or 

 ferjeant. 



To become a barrifter in Ireland it is neceffary in the firfl; 

 place that a memorial be prefented by the perfon defirous of 

 becoming fo, to the Benchers of the Honourable Society of 

 the King's Inns, Dublin, Hating his parentage and previous 

 education, and requelling admiffion into the fociety as a ftu- 

 7 



BAR 



dent. This memorial certified by a praftifing barrifter of 

 ten years Handing who is not a bencher, mull be lodged in 

 the office of the treafurer of the lociety before the efloin day 

 of term ; and on its being granted, a certain fine muft be paid. 

 After this admifiion the ftudent niuil keep eight teims com- 

 mons in Ireland, and the fame number in England. For- 

 merly a {Indent was required to attend fewer terms if he had 

 taken a degree in any univerfity, and this was a ilrong in- 

 ducement to thofe who intended their fons for the bar to 

 give them a college education. It has been regretted that 

 this encouragement was difcontinued ; but the advantages 

 of fuch an education are fo evident, that it is to be fuppofed 

 few will negleft it ; efpecially as they can attend terms at 

 the fociety of the King's Inns, at the fame time that they 

 are men:bers of the univerfity. 



BARRisrER jljpjlarit, the name given to an inferior judge 

 eftabliitied in every county of Ireland, except that of Dublin, 

 whofe bufinefs it is to fit twice every year to try civil bills, 

 for the more fpeedy adminiftration of jullice. 



BARRITUS, in /Antiquity, a military fhout raifed by 

 the Roman foldiers at the firit charge on the enemy. This 

 cuftom, however, was not peculiar to the Romans ; but 

 prevailed among the Trojans according to Homer, among 

 the Germans, the Gauls, the Macedonians, and the Perfians. 

 See Classicum. 



BARROCHES, in Geography, are two great ranges of 

 rocks cloie by the weft end of Alderney, Avigny or Ornay, 

 towards the Cafkets. 



BARROS, John Dos, in B'ngraphy, an eminent Por- 

 tuguefe hiftorian, was born at Vifeo, in 1496, and educated 

 at the court of king Emanuel, with the royal children. In 

 1522 he was appointed to the government of St. George 

 del Mina, on the coaft of Guinea ; and upon his return to 

 Portugal, after an abfence of three years, he was made 

 treafurer of the Ind-es. When king John conferred upon 

 him the lordfliip of Paraiba in Bralil, on condition of his 

 expelling the native Indians, and peopling it with Portu- 

 gucfe, he fet out with an expedition for this purpofe ; but 

 his fleet being aln-.oft wholly deltroyed, the projeft failed. 

 Upon this he determined to write the hillory ot the Indies, 

 under the title of " Decades d'Afia :" and the firfl decad 

 was publilbcd in 1552, the fecond in 1553, and the third in 

 1563. For the completion of this work, he retired to Pom- 

 pal, where he died in 1570, leaving feveral children. His 

 fourth decad, compiled from his MSS. by order of Philip III. 

 did not appear till 1615. The work has been continued by 

 others as far as the thirteenth decad ; and the lail edition 

 of it was printed at Lifbon in 1736, in 3 vols, folio. The 

 hiftory of dos Barros, applauded by fome and cenfured by 

 others, is deemed, notwitlillanding the author's difpofition 

 to exaggerate, a work of authority. It was tranflated 

 into Spanifli by Alphonfo Ulloa. Barros was the author 

 of feveral other writings, moral, grammatical, &c. com- 

 pofed principally for the ufe of his pupil prince John, 

 fon of king John HI. In fome editions of his " Decads," 

 there is an apology for his life and writings, written by 

 himfelf. Moreri. Nouv. Diil. Hillor. 



BARROW, Isaac, a very eminent divine and mathe- 

 matician, was the fon of Mr. Thomas Barrow, a citizen 

 and linen draper of London, and born in this city in the 

 year 1630. Although at the Charter-houfe, where his 

 education commenced, he gained no reputation, and was 

 remarkable only for fighting and idlenefs, his fubfequent 

 application and literary progrefs in a fchool at FcUlead 

 in Effex, whither he was removed, were fuch as to 

 retrieve his charadter, and to induce his mafter to recom- 

 mend him to the office of private tutor to a young 



noble- 



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