BAR 



BAR 



by the Pcrfo Scythic colony, which thty fiTppofe to hart 

 come to IrtlanJ from Spain, a-.id to have clhiblifhcd t'.ie 

 cuil>ir.5 of the cailtr:) nations. 



I'umi-.li !)r barrows are alfo found in ^rent ir.mibers in 

 America ; and t!ic Arr.tr^can Indi.iris are faid to pip.ctife a 

 fimilar rrod^r of burial at this time, yVii^rKlly dcpoliti.'g with 

 the bodies the implement-; of war aid agriculture u'VJ by the 

 deceased. Mr. Jcffcrfon, ir. lii.i " Ncteson tl:e iita'c of Virj;!- 

 nra," p. 156. has given a partic.iiar accu::nt of the Aiverican 

 barrows. They arc ofdilTcrcnt (iz'-S, a. id Formed of diSrrent 

 material- ; fonio of earth, and fonie of loufe 'lores. That 

 they were repofitories of the dead io gsnerally allowed ; but 

 the particular occalioii on. which thty were conllrneled has 

 been a fubjef.l of difcufT-.m. So~e have thouf^ht that t!;ey 

 covered the bones of thofe who fell in battles touo-ht on the 

 fpot of intenriCnt. Some afcribe them to the cuC.om pre- 

 valent amon;; the Indian.s, of coUectii'g at certain periods 

 all their dead, wherefocvcr depoiitcd at the time of their 

 deatli. Others again have fiipp-.if<.d that they utre i^encral 

 fcpuLhrcs for towns, co:;icct'.ired to have been fituatc on or 

 near thofe ;;roiinds : ard this is an opinion that hns been 

 fnpported by the qu'-hty of the la-.:ds in whicli they are 

 found, thofe conltniftcd of earth being gjenerally in the 

 fofceil and moll Icrtile meado.v grounds, on the fides of 

 rivers; and alfo by a tradition delcendiiig from the abori- 

 ginal Indians, which reports, that when they fettkd in a 

 town, the Crll perfon who died v.'as placed erecl, and in 

 this pollure covered and fnpported by earth ; tiiat when an- 

 other d:cd, a narrow paffage was Ji;g to tiie lirlt, the ftcolid 

 reclined againil him, and the cover of earth replaced, and fo 

 on. Mr. Jtfferfon examined one of thefe barrows, fituate 

 in his own neighbourhood, on the low gronnds of th.e Ri- 

 vanna, oppofite to fome hills on which had been an Indian 

 town ; and has particularly defcribed its form, which was 

 fpheroidical ; and alfo its contents, which were colkftions 

 of human bones in a disjointed ar;d fcatteied ftate. This 

 barrow, he tor.icSured, might have contained a thoufand 

 fteletons. The circumRances which he has recited militate 

 againft the opinion that it covered the bones only of per- 

 fons fallen in battle ; and againfl the tradition, which would 

 make it the common fepulchre of a town, in which the bo- 

 dies were placed upright and touching each other ; and indi- 

 cate, that it has derived both origin and incrcafe from the 

 cuftomary coUcftion of bones, and the depohtion of them 

 together. But in what way foever this tumulus was formed, 

 it Teems to have been well known to the Indians ; a party 

 of \". horn, fom.e years ago, proceeded through the woods 

 dircftly to it, without any inqnin,' ; and having remained 

 near it for fome time with expreffions of forrow, they re- 

 turned to the high road, from which they had departed 

 about fi-K miles for the purpofe of this vifit, and then pur- 

 fued their journey. Tiieiie are many other iimilar barrows 

 in other parts of the country. For further particulars re- 

 lating to fepulchral monuments of this kind, we refer to 

 Gough's Sepulchral Monuments of Britain ; Douglr.s's 

 Neniiia Britanniea ; King's Muniraenta Britannica ; Ar- 

 chasclogia, vol. ii. & xii. ; and Brilton's Beauties of Wilt- 

 fhire, vol. ii. 



Barrows, in the Salt Worh, are cafes made with flat 

 cleft wickers, in the (hape slmoft of a fugar-loaf, with the 

 bottom uppermoll, wherein the fait is p-.it as it corns, and 

 fet to drain. Piiil. Tranf. N° ^l- p. 1065. Hought. 

 Colled. N=2II. p. 81. 



BARROWBY, William, in Biography, fon of Dr. 

 William BiiTowby, a ph. fician of conlidtiable repute ard 

 eminence in London. At a proper age he v.as admitted of 

 Emanuel college in Cambridge, and in 1733 '""'^ ^^ degree 



of Bachelor in Medicine. Soon after, he was m.itle fellow 

 of the Rova! College of Phyficians in London, and one of 

 the phyfieians to Bdrtholomew's hof;>iial. He died fud- 

 deniy, after eating a hearty meal, December 30, 1752, 

 being only foity-t vo yciirs of age, ard li-.en in great prac- 

 tice. There is a fir.e print of iiim, engraven in mezzotiuto 

 by Miilier, after a painting bv Hayman. His father, who 

 fuivivrd him, dird October 17th, 1758, being then fenior , 

 member of the college of plivficians. Oi:r author publifhed, 

 in 1737, a trar.iiHlion into Eiigli-'K of A'.truc's treatife 

 " De Morbo Gaiiico," London, 2 vols. 8vo. Eloy. Did. 

 Hill. 



BARROWISTS, in Ecddlqjlha! Hlfory. See Brows. 



ISTS. 



BARRULET, or Barkelkt. in IL-rau'.ry, fignifies a 

 diminution of the bar, confiiling of its fourth pirt. 



E.^RRULY denotes the ikld of the fhield of arms, 

 when it is divided bar-ways into many equal parts. 



BARRY, Edward, in Biography, a native of Dublin, 

 received his medical education ac L yd^n, under the cele- 

 brated Boerhaave, and wai created doctor of phvfic there in 

 1719. After practiiitig fome years at York, he went to 

 Dublin, and wr.s made profefTor of nieJiciiie in the univcrfity 

 of thiit city, firil phyfician to the army there, and .klio-.v of the 

 Royal Society in London. In 1727, he publiiTied " a treatife 

 on a conUirr.ption of the lungs, with a previous account of 

 nutrition, and of the llraclurc and life of the lungs," 8vo, 

 London, in which he maintains the dodriiie of his precep- 

 tor. To the third ediciun of this work, e.ilarjred and im- 

 proved, publiihed 1759, he gave the title of " A treatife 

 on the three Digellioiij and Dilcharges of the Human Bo- 

 dy, and the Difeafes of their principal Organs." Haller, 

 Bib. Anat. Eloy. Diet. Hiil. 



Baerv, GiRALD, commonly called G'lraldas Camlrenjisy 

 i. e. Girali of Wales, in Biography, a writer of the 

 twelfth century, was born near Pembroke in South Wales 

 about the year 1 1,|.6, and defcended from a noble family al- 

 lied to the princes of the countr)-. After an early education 

 at home, he was fent for further improvem.ent to France, 

 where he obtained great reputation for his proficiency in the 

 rhetoric of the age in which he lived. Upon his return in 

 1 172, he obtained fevei-al ecclefiaftic.d preferments, of which 

 the principal were the arclidcaconry of Brechin, and the 

 c:.nonry of Hereford. As he was adive in church affairs^, 

 he acquired a reputation which induced the chapter of St. 

 David's to eled him biihop of that fee at the age of 30 

 years ; but as he had reafoa for apprehending the jealoufy 

 of king Henry II., he declined this ccclefialtical dignity. 

 However, he was mortified by being under a necefiitv of 

 refuling what was the great objtd of his ambition ; and in 

 order co divert his chagrin, he vifitcd France ; ani at Paris 

 he purfued his fludy oi civil and canon law, and of divinity, 

 with fuch fucceis, that he wasofilred the profeiforlhip of ca- 

 non law in the univerlity ; but he tho-ight proper to decline it. 

 In 1 180, he returned to iiis own courtiT ; and as great con- 

 fufion prevailed at St. David's in confequence of the expiil- 

 fion of tne bilhop, he was entrulled with the r.dm:nillration 

 of that fee for three or four vears. In 1184, Henry II. 

 appointed him his chaplain, and availed himlclf of his advice 

 in the management o! WellTi afTairs. In the following year 

 he was fent to Ireland with prince John as his privv-coun- 

 fellor and fecretary ; and was there offered the united bi- 

 fhoprics of Ferns aid Leighlin, which he declined accept- 

 ing, becanie he difapproved of the meafiires purfued by 

 John. During his llay in that countrv, he was principally 

 employed in coUefting materials for two works relating to 



Ireland 



