BAR 



BAR 



likewife, contributed in no fmall degree to the relief and 

 comfort of the diftrefTed. Having, after repeated felicita- 

 tions for the purpofe, obtained leave to rtfign hisarchbifhop- 

 ric, lie retired to a monafteiy of his order at Viana, where 

 he fpent the eight laft years of his life in ftudy and religious 

 exercifeo ; and here he died in 1590. In 1733 he was 

 beatified by Clement XIV. The writings which he left 

 were coUefted and publlllicd at Rome in 2 vols, folio. 1744. 

 Nouv. Did. Hill. 



Bartholomew's Z)i7)', St. in the Calendar, a ftflival of 

 the Chriilian church, celebrated on the 24th of Auguft. 

 On this day, in the year 1662, the act of uniformity which 

 obtained tlie royal aflcnt on the 19th of May, took place ; 

 in confcquence of which about 2000 miiiifters relinquiilied 

 their preferments in the church, or refufcd to accept of any 

 lipon the terms of this act. See Uniformity. 



It was alfo on the eve of St. Bartlulomcw in the year 

 1572, that orders were ilTiied for extending the horrid maf- 

 facre which had been begun at Paris ; in confequence of 

 which the matins of Paris, as this mafTacre was ftyled in allu- 

 fion to the Sicilian vcfpers, were repeated in Meaux, Orleans, 

 Troyes, Anglers, Touloufe, Rouen, and Lyons: fo that in 

 the fpace of two month*;, 30,000 proteftants were but- 

 chered in cold blood; if that expreffion may be ufed, in (peak- 

 ing of people influenced bv the moll detellabie paffions. 



Bartholom Ew'j H'jfpitiil. See Hospital. 



Bartholomew, St. m Geography, one of the Caribbee 

 iflands in the Weft Indies, about 25 miles north of St. 

 Chriftopher's, and in circumference about 24 miles. It was 

 peopled in 1648 by Poincy, the French governor of St. 

 Chriftopher's ; and enjoyed by the French without molella- 

 tion till the year 1689, when a defcent was made upon it by 

 fir Timothy Thornhill, who ravaged the country, and carried 

 off about 700 of its inliabitants, with their cattle and tffedls. 

 Tiie Eiiglidi government, however, difapproved of this 

 conduct, and allowed the inhabitants to repoffefs their ifland, 

 as fubjefls of Great Britain. At the peace of Rvfv.-ick, it 

 was rellored to France ; but as long as it continued in their 

 pofTcflion, it was a neil of privateers, and it has had fifty 

 Engllth prizes in its harbour at the fame time. It was 

 ceded by France, in 1785, to the Swedes. The (hores of 

 this idnnd are dangerous, and cannot be approached without 

 a good pilot. The only port in the ifland is " Le Ca- 

 jcnage ;" near which (lands " Guflavia," the fcle town in 

 tlie colony. This port is fituated on the wellern fide, and 

 has excellent moorings ; but it cannot adnnt v^d'els that 

 draw more than nine feet of water. However, it will con- 

 tain ICO fnch veflels ; in which refpedl it is fapcr;or both to 

 St. Euftatia and St. Chrillopher. The bay of " Colom- 

 bier" is deep enough for large fliips, but it has no town on 

 its banks ; nor had " Le Carenage" any town belongiug - 

 to it before the ifland became the poffeiTion of Sweden. 

 Its foil is but indifferent, and only a fmall part of it admits 

 of cultivation ; and yet it produces tobacco, cotton, and 

 caiTava, and abounds with woods of various forts. The 

 plantations that mofl abound are tliofe of cotton, which fuc- 

 ceed \try well. The prafiice of the planters is to fow four 

 or five grains of the feed in a hole, and when the plants 

 appear they pluck up all but the ftrongeft. After the tirft 

 crop, they cut down the branches, and the plant puflies out 

 new flioots, which bear like the original Hem ; but after the 

 fcecnd crop, the feeds muft be again fowu. The i-rnces of 

 thefe plantations are aloes trees, which are phiced In a 

 ftraight hne, and as clofe together as pofhWle ; and when 

 thcv arrive at maturity, they are impenetrable either by men 

 or animals. St. Bartholomew alfo fnrnilhes the neighbour- 

 ing iflands with a peculiar kind of lirocilone ; and its birds 



are rery numerous. The climate is in general healthy ; 

 though at certain times of the year the weather is variable. 

 For nine months in the year it is pleafant ; for, though the 

 heat is fcorching, the air is cooled and purified by a 

 breeze, which is very rifrefhing. Hurricanes prevail from 

 the middle of July till the middle of Otlober. The popu- 

 lation of this ifland is much increafed lince it has belonged 

 to Sweden. At Guflavia are Swedes, Englilh, French, 

 Danes, Americans, and Jews : but the planters are chiefly 

 French. The natives generally live, without beiny fubject to 

 much illnefs, to an old age. The men are robuft, but the 

 women are flight, feeblc.ard indolent ; andareufually attended 

 by flaves, who are employed in keeping off the iiifefts that 

 would incommode them. The houles are made of wood ; 

 and fome of them are raiffd upon tlone pii'iars, fo that the 

 wind can pafs under them. Tiicir windows are mere open- 

 ings in the fides, with window -fhutters or lattices. The in- 

 habitants are fupplied with frefh provifions, flour, dri^d fifii, 

 and lalted meat from the continent of America. Although 

 this ifland abounds with mountains, it is dellitute not oi.ly 

 of lakes and rivers, but even of fprings. The frcfn water is 

 fupplied merely by the rain, and is kept in cillerns ; and it 

 is lometimes procured from St. Chriftopher's, and often at the 

 chaige of twelve livres per ton. The chief produffs for ex- 

 portation are drugs, cotton, lignum vitse, and iron-wot d. 

 The coins ufed in this ifland are the moidore and the piaftrc; 

 and they have alfo a fiftitious money cr.lltd the pifovctt, 

 worth lomething more than ■?- of a piaftre, and a fn.all lllvcr 

 coin calltd a dogg, and another coin called a belt, of the 

 value of 6 doggs. See " A Voyage to the Iflands of St. 

 Martin, St. Euftatia, and St. Chriftopher, undertaken at the 

 expence of the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm." 

 N.lat. 17° 56'. W.long. 63° II'. 



Bartholomew, St. an ifland in the Southern Pacific 

 ocean, being one of the clufter of iflands, called the New 

 Hebrides. S.lat. 15°42'. E. long. i67°i7'3o". 



Bartholomew'j- IJlanJ, lies in the llraits of Magellan, 

 half a league E.N.E. from Elizabeth ifland. S. lat. J2° 56'. 

 W. long. 71° 4'. 



Bartholomew'j- IJland, or Whermoysen, is fituated 

 on or near the coaft of New Guinea. S.lat. 8^ 13'. E.loug. 



138=35'- 



Bartholomew, St. a parifli in Charlefton diftricl, in 

 South Carolina, which, by the cenfus of 1 790, contained 

 12,606 inhabitants, of whom 10,338 were flaves. It fends 

 three reprefentatives and one fenator to the Hate legiflature. 



Bartholomew, Cape, St. is the fouthernmoft point of 

 Staten land, in the ilraits of Le Maire, at the fouth end of 

 South America. To the W.N.W. hes Middle cape, and be- 

 tween them is a bay. To the eaft of it is a fmall ifland. 



Bartholomew is the name of a ledge of rocks, nearly 

 weft from the S.W. extremity of St. Mary's ifland, the 

 largeft of the Scilly iflands t between which and St. Mary's 

 ifland, is a channel calied St. Mary's found. 



BARTHOLOMITES, in Ecdeftaftccd Hiftory, a re- 

 ligions order founded at Genoa in 1307 ; but on account of 

 the irregular lives of the monks, the order was fupprciTcd by 

 pope laaoeent X. in 1650, and their ef^eds were con fifcated. 

 In the church of the monaftery of this order at Genoa is 

 preferved the iaiagc which, it is pretended, Chrift fent to 

 Abgarus. 



BARTISCH, George, in Biop-aphy, furgeon and 

 oculift at Drefden, bom at Koningtterg abi;ut the middle 

 of the 1 6th centu!"y, i? faid to have invented a fpeculum to 

 fix the eyelids while performing an operation on that organ ; 

 which was improved by Verduyn,and ftiii further by Ruvfli 

 or Rau, for they contended for the honour attached to it. 



H« 



