BAR 



The affinity between fulphur and barytes is very confic??- 

 rable. Pure ban-tes digefted in warm water with fulphur 

 willtake up more than a quarter of itsweight of thia lubilance; 

 beiR? then evaporated to dryr.efs and heated red hot in a 

 crucible, the refult is a rcddifh yellow inodorous mafs, ful- 

 pl'.uret of barj'tes. Its properties have been very little exa- 

 mined into, on account of the ^reat eafe with which it is de- 

 compofed. Sulphuret of barytes has a remarkably power- 

 ful attraftion for water, is very foluble in this fluid even when 

 cold, but is flill more fo in hot water. In thefe cafes 

 however a decompofition of part of the water is effected ; 

 the hydrogen unitins^ with a portion of the fulphur, and 

 the oxygen with a-^other portion. The new combinations 

 that take place in this procefs are verj' intereftin<x, and hav- 

 ing been ably inveftigated by BerthoUec we (hall treat of 

 them fomewhat at length. 



When fulphuret of barytes is thrown into hot water it 

 immediatclv diiTclves, the liquid becomes of a yellow colour 

 and exhales a flrong fm-^ll of fulphuraied hydrogen; a white 

 earthy fcdiment is depofited, and as the liquor cools a con- 

 fiderablc quantity of cryftais cither acicular, prihnatic, or 

 iu plates, make their appearance : which being dried by 

 preffure between filtering paper become perfectly white. 

 Thus fulphuret of barytes by the action of water fur- 

 ■nifhes three diftinCt produfts. i. The earthy fediment h 

 regenerated fulphat of barytes; being produced by the 

 oxygen of the water combining with part of the Iiilphur 

 into fulphuric acid, and this as foon as formed faturating 

 itfeif with barytes. 2. The cryftais are hydrofulphuiet 

 of barytes, a fait remarkable for being the only one of 

 the earthy or alkahne hydrofulphurets that is capable of 

 being cryftallized. It is very iittk alterable by cxpofure 

 to the air, is eafily foluble in water, and is decompofable 

 by the mineral acids with extrication of fulpluirated hy- 

 drogen gas. Befides being produced in the decompofi- 

 tion of fulphuret of barytes, it may be made in the di- 

 rect wa.y by pafling fulphurated hydrogen gas through a 

 Woulfe's apparatus containing barytes diffufed in water. 

 3. Bcfid'rs the fulp'iat and hydrofulphuret of bai-ytcs, there 

 remaiT.s from the decompofition of the fulphuret of ba- 

 rytes, a yellow liquor which by the addition of muriatic 

 acid gives out a large quantity of fulphurated hydrogen, and 

 yields at the fame time a copious precipitate of fulphur : 

 hence it appears to be fulphuret of barytes, intimately mixed 

 or more probably' combined with fulphurated hydrogen. 



There are therefore three modes in which fulphur can 

 combine with barytes : the iirfl is limple dry fulphuret of 

 barytes, incapable of uniting with water without decompofi- 

 tion ; the fccondis hydrofulphuret of bai^tes, cryftalhzablt, 

 foluVjle in water, and decompofable by muriatic acid without 

 depofiting fulphur ; the third is hydrofulphurcted fulphuret 

 of barytes, foluble in water, not cryRaUi-zabh , and when de- 

 compofed by muriatic acid giving out both fulphur and 

 fulphurated hydrogen. 



Barytes, in conftquence of its alkaline properties, afts on 

 vegetable and animal matter with great energy ; it forms info; 

 luble foaps with oils, corrodes anddilfolves mufcukr fibre, &c. 



In the di-y way, barytes diiTolvcs filex in the fame manner 

 as potaih does : three parts of barytes and one of filex being 

 intimately mixed and fufed together, prod-.ce a yellowifh 

 gr-^en mafs entirely foluble in uitric, muriatic, or acetous 

 acid ; from which the filex may be feparatcd in the ufual 

 way. In the moill way barytes being mixed with newly 

 precipitated alumine forms a compound infolob'e in water, 

 but which is readily taken up by an cxccfs of barytes. 



Barytes diffolves certain metallic oxyds, efpccially thofe of 

 lead; but thefe combinations have uot hitn much attended to. 



B A S 



Barytes was for a long time fuppofed to be a very refrac. 

 tory metallic oxyd. Bergman, Lavoifier, and other eminent 

 chemifts adopted this opinion from its great fpecific gravity, 

 from the greenifli hue that it communicates by fufion with the 

 other earth?, and from its being precipitable from its folutions 

 in acids by prufTiat of potafli. But in anfwer to thefe fur- 

 mifes it may be remarked, that metals in proportion as they 

 become oxygenated approach to the (late of acids ; wherea* 

 barytes po(re(res alkaline properties in a very eminent degree : 

 and that prufiiat of potaih when quite pure does not pre- 

 cipitate barytes ; this appearance being always occafioned by. 

 the prefence of fulphat of potafh, with which the prulTiat it 

 generally contaminated. 



Barytes is an aftive pnifon to animals ; as are mod of its 

 falts. It is not made uie of in the large way, but is of con- 

 fiderable importance in the laboratory as a tell for fulphuric 

 acij and an effeiJtua] reagent to feparate this fubftance from 

 all its other combinations. 



The order of the affinities to which barytes is fubjeft, as 

 far as they have been inveftigated, appears to be: in the moid 

 way, — fulphuric acid, oxalic, fuccinic, fluoric, phofphoric, 

 faccholaclic, nitric, muriatic, citric, tartareous, arfemc, for- 

 mic, lactic, benzoic, acetous, boracic, fulphureous, carbonic, 

 and pruffic acids, water, fat oil, fulphur, alumine, filex ; in 

 the dry way, — phofphoric acid, boracic, arfcnic, fulphuric, 

 fluoric, and muriatic acids, fulphur, oxyd of lead, filex, and 

 alumine. 



Gren Syftematifches handbuch. Annales de Chimie. 

 Peiietier EfT. Chimiques. Fourcroy Syft. des connoifT. 

 chimiques. Thomfon's chemillry. Pearfon on chemical no- 

 menclature, &c. 



BARYTONO, in AIuJc. See Baritono. 



BARYTONUM, from ^x^v;, grave, and tovo;, accent, in 

 the Greek Gramnuir, denotes a verb, which having no accent 

 marked on the lall fyllable, a grave accent is to be under- 

 ftood. 



BARZAURA, in ylnc'tent Geography, a town of Afia, 

 in the Paropamifus. Ptolemy. 



BARZETO, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Parma, 

 17 miles S. S. W. of Parma. 



BARZIZIIS, Christopher De, in Biography, pro- 

 fclfor of medici:;e at Padua in the beginning of the fixtecnth 

 ceuiuiy, pnbliflied in 15 1 7, " De Febrium Cognitiore et 

 Cura Liber," 410. Lugduni ; " Introduiftorium, five Janua 

 ad omne Opus praclicum Mtdicins," Augufta-Vindel, fol. 

 1594, v.ith other works of lefs note. Haller. Bib. Med. 

 Praft. 



BARZOD, in Geography, a town of Hungary, and ca- 

 pital of a county to which it gives name, leated on the 

 Hernach, between CafTovia and Agria. 



BAS, James Philip Le, in Biography, a modern 

 French artift, flouriflied about the year 1754, by whom we 

 have fome excellent prints. His great force feems to lie in 

 landlcapes and fmall figures, which he executed in a fup&. 

 rior manner. His ftyle of engraring is extremely neat ; and 

 yet he proves the freedom of the etching, and hannonifee 

 the whole with the graver and di-y point. We Lave alfo a 

 variety of pretty vignettes by this artift ; among wliich arc 

 moll of thofe that adorn the 8vo. edition of Rollin's ancieat 

 hiftory in Englilh, publilhed by the Knaptons in 1754. 

 Of his mod efteeraed works, the following may be enumera- 

 ted : viz. " The Works of Mercy," a fet of feveral " Dutch 

 Merry-Makings, Fairs, &c." both from Tenier ; " The Ita- 

 lian chafe," and the " Milk pot," and alfo the " Wild boar," 

 from P. Wouverma-.'.s ; feveral plates of " Hunting, &c." 

 from Vao Falens; the " Sea-ports of France," after Vcr- 

 4^2 net ; 



