B A S 



Tlie badonadc is a punirtiment ufed am<jnj» tlis an- 

 cient Grecka, Romans, and Jtwa, and lliU obtains among 



the Turks. 



The Romans called it fiijli^nlio, fuj'ium nilmomlw, or fuf. 

 i'tbut ctdi, which differed frnin the Jlasel/alio, as the foiniLr 

 was done with a ftick, tlic latter witli a rod or fcoiirge. 

 Tiie fulligation was a lighter puniftiment, and inflidlcd on 

 freemen ; the flagellation a fcverer, and reftrved for (laves. 

 It was alfo called lymjxwtim, bccaufe the patient here was 

 btat with Hicks, like a drinn. 



The penalty is much in life in the Eall to this day. The 

 method there pradkifed ii thus : the criminal being lai<l on 

 his belly, his feet are raifed, and lied to a Hake, held full 

 by officers for the purpofe ; in which pollurc he is beaten 

 by a cudgel on the folcs of his feet, hack, chin, &c. to 

 the number of one or more hundred blows. Calmtt. Ditt. 

 Bib. torn. i. p. 260. 



For the method of inflicting this punifhment at Algiers, 

 fee Algiers. Ur. Shaw (Trav. p. 253.) fuggcds that it 

 was probably in this manner, that St. Paul was " thrice 

 beaten with rods." 2 Cor. xi. 25. The Choufes, whofe 

 ofTice it is to infiift this punifhment at Algiers, appear to 

 be no other than fo many Roman liftors armed with tiieir 

 fafccs. The flijrhled of all the Chinefe puiiifhmenls is the 

 badniado, whicli is only ufed for challifiiig thofe who have 

 been guilty of very trivial faults. The criminality of the 

 offender determines the numhir of blows which he mull re- 

 ceive ; but the lowell number is twenty. 'I'he punifhment in 

 this cafe isconfidered merely as a fimple paternal correttion, 

 without any infamy attached to it ; and it is <ndered by 

 the emperor to be inflided on his courtiers, who are after- 

 wards received into favour and treated with refpeifl. The 

 baton, or " pan-tfec," ufed for this punifhment, is a piece 

 of baniboo, a little flatted, broad at the bottom, and po- 

 lifhed at the upper extremity for the convenience of being 

 more cafdy handled. Every mandarin may ufe it at plea- 

 furc in certain cafes, cither when any one forgets to falute 

 him, or when he adminillers public jullice. On fuch occa- 

 fions he fits gravely behind a table, upon which is placed a 

 bag filled with fmall Hicks, while a number of petty offi- 

 cers (land around him, each furniflicd with fome of thtfe 

 " pan-tfees," and waiting only for his fignal to make ufc 

 of them.. The mandarin takes from the bag one of the 

 Jittle flicks which it contains, and throv/s it into the hall 

 of audience. I'he culprit is then feizcd, and llretchtd out 

 with his belly towards the ground ; his breeches are pulled 

 down to his heels, and an athletic domellic applies five 

 fmart blows of his " pan-tfee ;" aiiother fuccecds, and be- 

 ftows five more, if the mandarin draws another fmall baton 

 from trie bag, and thus, by gradation, until thejud^eis 

 pleafed to make no more fignals. The criminal, who has 

 undergone this challire.ncnt, miifl then throw hindelf upon 

 his knees before the judge, incline his body three times to 

 the earth, ard thank him for the care which he takes of 

 his cd\icatioii. Grofier's China, vol.ii. p. 52, &c. 



BASTONIER, or Baton ier, in tlie I'lCMeh Law, 

 an ancient a<lvocatc, cleftcd yearly according to feniority, 

 to be the head or mailer of the community of advocates 

 and attorn'cs. He is prefideut of the board held for main- 

 tenance of the order, and difciplinc of the palnis. To him 

 alfo belongs the comtnilTion ofthe inferior judges, when 

 put under interdict, fo long as the interdit'lion lalls. 



BiVsroNtER is alfo ufed for him who keeps the Itaff of a 

 community, and carries or follows it in procefTtons. 



BAbTOV.\, in Geo\;ral>hy, a town of European I'ur- 

 key, in Albania, 18 miles Couth of Duraz/o. 



ijASTWICK, John, in Biography, M. D. born al 



BAT 



VVritllc in Effcx, in 1593, after paffing through the ufual 

 fchool education, was fentto Emanuel college in Cambridge, 

 where, however, he did not continue a fulllcient time to take 

 his degree; but with the view of fjualifying himfelf for the 

 pradlice of phydc, he quitted England to viiit the principal 

 feininaries on the continent, where, at that lime, the dilierent 

 branches of medicine were better taii)fht than in his owu 

 country. At Padua he was admitted to the degree of docfor 

 in medicine; but engaging early in theological difpules, and 

 thence exciting the refentmcnt of the clergy, he fjon found 

 himfelf involved in troubles, from which, at a late period, he 

 fcaree cfcapcd willi his life. In 1624, ami before he re- 

 turned to lingland, he publiflied at Leydcn, *' Kleucluis 

 RellgioiuV, P.ipiilicx, in quo probatur, neque Apollolicani, 

 nequc Catholicani, imo neque Romnnam cfFe," 2410. ; aiij 

 foon after his return, " Flagelluni Ponlifieis et Epilcoporuin 

 Eatialinii;." 'i'ho\igh he declared, in the pn-face to ihis 

 work, that nothing in it was intended to afftcl liich bifliops 

 as acknowledged tiieir authority from kings and emperors, 

 yet our Eugli(}i prelates, either fufpedling that fome things 

 in his book were levelled at them, or perhaps not euduriiig 

 that the conduCl of ecclcfiallics fhould be cxpofed with fucli 

 freedom by a lay writer, and fearing if he was fuffered to 

 go on the fame weapon might be turned againfl them, he 

 was citid by them before the high-conmiiflion court, lined 

 1000 1. and fcntenccd to be excommunicated, to be debarred 

 the praftice of phyf'c, to have his books burnt, and to re- 

 main in prifon until he made a recantation. After being 

 confined two years in the Gatehoufe, he publiflied " Apolo- 

 gelicns ad Prxfules Anglicos ;" bul that procuring no rc- 

 iiiillion of his fenteiice, it was foon followed by " The New 

 Litany," in which he taxed the bilhops with having an in- 

 clination to popery, and exclaimed againfl the fevt ri'ty and in- 

 juflicc of the high-co!nmiiiion's proceedings againll him. For 

 pubhlhing this work, he was fentcnced, by tlie fame court, 

 to pay a line of 5000I., to llaud in the pillory in Palace-yard 

 Wellminflcr, and there lofc his ears, and to fuffer perpetual 

 impiifonment in a remote part of the kingdom. The fame 

 fentencc was, about the fame time, in 1637, palTed and exe- 

 cuted upon Prynnc and Burton. Baftwick was conveyed 

 to Launcefton caflle in Cornwall, and thence removed to 

 St. Mary's calUc in the iflc of Scilly, where no one was per- 

 mitted to vilit him. The houfe of commons, however, in 

 1640, ordered him, as well as the others, to be brought to 

 London, whither they were attended by vafl multitudes of 

 people, with loud acclamations of joy. The proceedings 

 againll them were voted illegal, and they were ordered to be 

 remunerated out of the revenue and eflates of the archbilhop 

 of Canterbury, and the other lords of the coniniiflion who 

 had condemned tliim. Ballwick was alive iu 1648. I'lic 

 time of hi;i death is not known. Gen. Biog. Didt. 



BASV[L1.,E, iu Gcvgraphy, a fea-port town in the ifland 

 of Martinieo. 



BASZEU, a river of European Turkey, which ri/ns into 

 the Pruth, near Stcphanowze, iu Moldavia. 



BAT, in Zooluj^y. See Vkspertilio. 



Bat, Sta. See Sra bat. 



Bat, in Commerce, a fmall bafe filver coin, current in divers 

 parts of Germany and Swifferland, at difl'erent prices. 



T'he bat or fladcrmoufe, at Nuremburg, is equal to f lur 

 croitzcrs ; at Zurich, to ^- of the French crown ; at Balil, 

 Schatriiaufen, &c.. to ^j ; and at liurn and Friburg to -j'5 

 of the fame crown. Thefc la!l arc called Ihoi t bats. 



BATA, in Botany. See MusA. 



Bat A, in Geography. See Batta. 



BATA BANO, a town on the fouth fide ofthe iflnnd of 

 Cuba iu the Well ladies, ftattd near a large bay, opj.-ufite 



3 Pinoi 



I 



