BAT 



BAT 



Concerning tlie oprvation of which, wrong notions have felf in, in a bafon, where (he may (land up to the thighs, 

 till very lately been entertained by the generality of choofing a temperate clear day for that purpofc. By the 



medical writers and medical pradtitioners. It has been 

 ima.-r ned that the warm bath relaxes (a figurative ex- 

 prefiion) and weakens, whereas it produces a contrary 

 effect ; iinlefs mdeed the temperature be fo high, or the 

 time of immcrfion continued fo long, as to bring on that 

 degree of debility which is accompanied with deiiqui-jm. 

 But this arifes only from an abufe of hot batliing, and is 

 even then the coiifeqnence of an excefs of fiimulation. So 

 far is i-iimcrlion of the body in water heated to 96 from hav- 

 ing a lowering or weakening operation, that when duly re- 

 gulated it is found to railc tlie fpirits, to mend the pulfc and 

 appetite, and to refrt(h and i::vigorate the whole frame. 

 Hence the benefit derived from it after great fatigue ; in 

 old age ; in atonic gout, accomp^inied with ftiffnefs and 

 paUid fwcliings cf tlie joints; in paralylis ; in chlorofis ; in 

 difeafcs arifing from a certain torpor of the lymphatic and 

 glandular fyfteir, Inch as ferophula, leprous and other chro- 

 nic eruptions, &c. In cafes of predifpofition to phthifis, it 

 abates the frequency of the pulfe, and tends to retard at 

 leaft, if it does not wholly prevent, the pulmonary afftftion. 

 In confequence of itr. foothingand agreeable impreflTion upon 

 the furface of the body, it produces very beneficial efTefts 

 in certain difordered ftates of the alimentary canal, oris'inat- 

 ing in dirninifhed action ; and it affords the bed and [peedieft 

 relief in a great variety of painful diforders, whether con- 

 nedled with local inflammation or not ; fuch as chronic 

 Aeumatifpi, certain forms of lues venerea, nephritis, calculus 

 vcfici, colic, enteritis, &c. 



The time of immerfion (hould be van'ed accnrdinp- to the 

 temperature of the water, and the feelings of the patient. 

 In a bath of 96, a perfon may remain fifteen, twenty, or 

 t'liirty minutes, or even longer; but in one of 9S or 100, it 

 will fcldom be proper, and indeed there are few perfons that 

 can bear, to remain beyond ten minutes, and in the gene- 

 rality of cafcj not fo long. Patients labouring under cliro- 

 nic rheumatifm and pally bear the high degrees of tempe- 

 rature beft. When fwcating is difired (vvliich will feldom 

 happen except in cafes of local inflammation), the warm 

 bath (hould be ufed in an evening, and the patient fhonld 

 immediately afterwards be put into a warm bed, and remain 

 there until late the next morning : but in all other cafes, 

 where fweating is not required, or in which it would be 

 hurtful, the bell time for iiling the warm bath will be in the 

 forenoon, about two hours after brcakfaft . In thefe cafes, 

 the bathers (hould not retire to bed, nor confine themfclves 

 within doors, but go about as ufual ; unlefs the weather 

 ftiould be particularly damp or inclement. Hot bathing, 

 like cold bathing, is applied trpically by pumping on the 

 difeafed part, as will be dcfcribed when we come to treat on 

 mineral waters. Sometimes Iteam is applied to the body in- 

 ftead of warm water. See V.'.pour Bath. 



Among the works on cold and warm bathing, the follow- 

 ing are thofe which feem moft entitled to notice: viz. 

 •' Floyer on Cold Bathing," 1709. It (hould be remarked, 

 however, that this author writes without method on this 

 fubjeft; that he is too indifcriminatc in his praifes of the cold 

 bath, and that he recommends it in fome difeafcs of debility 

 to which warm bathing is better adapted. " Marcard iiber 

 die Natur und den Gebrauch dtr Biider." Hanover, 1793. 

 Currie's " Medical Reports on the Eifefts of Water, cold 

 and warm," 1797. And the 6ih chapter of Dr. Saun- 

 ders's •' Treatife on Mineral Waters," iSco. 



Bathing a hawi or falcon, is, when being weaned from 

 her ramage fooleries, and alfo hired, rewarded, and tho- 



ufe of batliing (he gains ftrength, with a (harp appetite, and 

 fo grows bold. 



Bathing, among the Cophts and Ethiopians, denotes 

 the dav of Chrifl's baptifm, reputed the 6th of January ; 

 when, from an opinion of an extraordinary fanftity in the 

 waters on that day, they not only, by ancient cuftom, bap- 

 tifed their catechumens, but were re-baptifed themfelves. 

 The water of this day they carry home to keep ; and 

 Chryfoftom affures us, that it had been often known to 

 remain fweet and uncorrupted for two or three years. 

 Orat. 74. 



BATiiivG-7'«5. In the Roman baths there are two kinds 

 of bathing-tubs ; the one fixed, and the other moveable. 

 Among the latter, fome were contrived n purpoft to be 

 fnfpended in the air; whereby, to the pleafure of bathing 

 was added that of being fwung or rocked by the motion 

 given to the bathing-tub. Burette, in Hill. Acad. Infcript. 

 tom. i. p. 122. 



BATHINUS, in jlnclent Geography, a river of Pannonia, 

 near which the young men of the country affembled, laid 

 down their arms, and threw themfelves at the feet of the 

 victorious Romans. 



BATHIS, Batoum, a river of Afia, in the territory of 

 Colchis, which ran from the eaft to the well, and difcharged 

 itfelf into the Euxine fea, 6 leagues foutli of the mouth of 

 the Phalis. 



Bathis, in Entomology, a fpecies of Papii.io (Pleb. rnr.) 

 that inhabits Surinam. The wings are tivo-tailed, with a 

 black ocellar fpot ; beneath brown, fafciated with white ; 

 anal angle rufous. Fabricius. 



BATHMONSTER, in Geography, a town of Hungary, 

 feparated by the Danube from Batha. 



BATHOS, in Jndent Geography, a town of the Pelo- 

 pnnnefus, in Arcadia, near the river Alpheus, according to 

 Paufanias ; who adds, that they celebrated every third year 

 the myileries of the greater godlefres in this place. 



B.ATHRACUS, a port of Africa, in Marmarica. Pto- 

 lemy. 



BATHRITITES, the name of a nome of Egypt, 

 whence, according to Eufebius, king Vaphres fent fuccour 

 to king Solomon. 



BATHRUM, a name given by ancient furgeons to a 



kind of Itool or bench proper for the redu6tion of diflocated 



bones. This is called ^zS^ov 'iT-roKpxlsiov, or the HippocraUc 



Jlool. Its defcription and ufe are reprefented at large by 



Schulterus, Arm. Chir. p. i. 



BATHURST, Ralph, in Biography, born at How- 

 thcrpe, a fmall hamlet belonging to the parifh of Thedding- 

 worth in Northamptonfliire, in the year 1620, received the 

 rudiments of his education at the free-fchool in the city of 

 Coventry ; where his progrefs in the I^atin and Greek Ian- 

 guages was fo rapid and ey.tenfive, that he was fent to Ox- 

 ford, and entered in Gloucefter Hall (now Worceller Col- 

 lege), Oftober the loth, 1634, being then only fourteen 

 years of age. He was however foon removed to Trinity 

 College, where his father had been educated,' and of which 

 two of his brothers, George and Edward, were then mem- 

 bers. Proceeding in his ftudies, he was elefted fcholar of 

 the college, June 5th, 1637. In January following he took 

 his degree of Bachelor of Arts ; and in the year 1640, he 

 was appointed Fellow of the College. In 1641, he pro- 

 ceeded Mailer of Arts ; and in 1644, was ordained prielt by 

 the bilhop of Oxford ; his inclination, his biographer fays, 

 difpofing him to theological (Indies. Finding however, from 



roughly reclaimed, (he is offered fome u-ater to bathe her- the troubles that then and for many years after affljfted the 



country 



J 



