BAT 



only about 3000 efcaped dtath or captivity. TI1I3 defeat, 

 terrible as it was, was feme years after revenged by the 

 (laughter of 60,000 Carthaginians on the banks of the Me- 

 taiirus. (Polyb. lib. ii & iii. Livy.) 



We fliudder at the cruelties which fometimesaccoir.panied 

 the triumphs of Rome over her more barbarous and uiidifci- 

 plined enemies. L. Scipio di--flroyed 50,000 Syrians at 

 Magnefia. Marius, in his contell with the Teutones, took 

 or exterminated above 300,000 of them. In a fecond bat- 

 tle, againft the Cimbri, he flew 1 20,000, and captured half 

 that number. In three battles againll the generals of Mi- 

 thridates, Sylla cut in pieces 200,000 men. The bloody 

 defeats lie fuilained from Liicullus, during the fiege of Cy- 

 zicns, coil the fame Mithridates three hundred thoufand of 

 his forces. On one occafion, Julius Csefar annihilated an 

 army of 368,000 Helvetii; on another, he extirpated up- 

 wards of 430,000 Germans, who had crolled the Rhine in 

 queft of new fettlements. (Livy. I'lut. in Mar., Sylla, & 

 Lucull. Csef.de Bell. Gall.) 



In the civil wars of the Romans themfclves, we find in- 

 ftances, confidering the inferior numbers of the troops en- 

 gaged, of flaughter equally dreadful. In the battle before 

 the Colline gate of Rome, Telefinus, a general of the Ma- 

 rian faflion, commanded 79,000 men againft Cornelius Sylla; 

 12,000 of thefe being taken, were chiefly maflacred in cold 

 blood after the aftion : all the rell perifhed either on the 

 field or in the flight by the fwords of their implacable coun- 

 trymen. In jullice to Casfar we mud obferve, that his tri- 

 umphs over the Fompeian party were in a great meafure 

 exempt from thefe atrocities. (Pint, in Sylla. Eutrop.) 



It is the well-founded remark of a judicious and elttjant 

 writer, that our European battles appear only as Jlvirmifties, 

 when compared to thofe which have deluged the plains of 

 Afia with blood. (Voltaire, ElTai fur I'efprit et les mocurs 

 des nations.) In the year 12 18, fatally dillinguiflied as be- 

 ing the epocha of the firll irruption of the Moguls and Tar- 

 tars into the fouthern provinces of Afia ; the dellroyer 

 Ghengis-Khan marched to the iiege of Otrar at the head of 

 700,000 combatants. Mohammed, the reigning fultan of 

 Karazm, oppofed him with an army 400,000 ftrong. The 

 weaker {Sarty were defeated, and the Tartar conqueror com- 

 jnenced his fanguinary career by the dcftruftion of 150,000 

 of his enemies. This firll chaftifement only paved the way 

 for others Hill more terrible. In following the great Khan 

 through the dreadful fcenes tranfcribed by De la Croix from 

 the beil Eaftern authorities, we are fhocked at the unheard 

 of feverities exercifed upon fuch cities as mod incurred his 

 anger by an obftinate refiftance. The particulars of fuch 

 tragedies would but difguil the reader. To felec\ a few of 

 the mod remarkable inftances : — -At the ilorming of Ka- 

 razm, Mohammed's capital, 200,000 perfons were mafiacred, 

 and half that number fold for (laves ; 90,000 were (hot to 

 death with arrows in cold blood on the plains of Nefa ; 

 1,747,000 were butchered in the two cities of Nifliaburand 

 Tus, and their dependencies ; i, 600,000 in the diftrift of 

 Herat ; and in the lad battle fought by Ghengis Khan 

 againft the rebels of Tangut, 300,000 are reported to have 

 perifhed. To difmifs this fubjeft, the Cliinefe records in- 

 form us, that in the fird fourteen years of the Mogul empire, 

 the numbers of perfons deftroyed by Ghengis Khan amount- 

 ed to the dreadful total of eighteen millions and upwards. 

 (Petit de la Croix, Hid. de Glieng. Khan, Par. 1710. 

 Mod. Univ. Hid. vol. iv.) 



The fubfequent wars of the Moguls abound with exam- 

 ples of almoft equal enormity. In the fiege of the capital 

 of the Chinefe empire by O.ktay Khan, a million of people 

 were (lain on both fides. Timur Bek, who carried on his 

 expeditions upon the fame plan as Ghengis, could briag 



BAT 



800,000 men at once into the field, with whom he fo com- 

 pletely defeated at Ancyi-a 4co,ooo Turks under Bajazet, 

 that iiot a fortieth part efcaped the common deftrudion. 

 In a word, it is in Afia that war has always been waged on 

 the mod gigantic fcale. 



Lefs bloody in their conquefts, and more generous in 

 their difputes, the armies which during the two lad centu- 

 ries have been fet on fool by European nations, were com- 

 paratively trifling in number. The battle of Malpiaquet, 

 where 220,000 men were engaged on both fides, is mod re- 

 markable for the number of the combatants ; thofe of Hoch- 

 ftedt and Prague for the dedruftion of the human fpecies. 

 At Hochftcdt, the French and Bavarian army, which before 

 the atlion mudered 60,000 men, was reduced to one third of 

 that number. The battle of Prague cod the king of Pruf- 

 fia, by his own confelTion, 18,000 of his bed troops, while 

 the Auftrians loft 24,000 men. 



It is with forrow we are obliged to remark, that the car- 

 nage on feveral occafions, during the lad unhappy conted, 

 has been unexampled in the hillory of modern war. Upon 

 the Rhine, in particular, the lofs on both fides, towards the 

 latter end of December 1793, '^ computed at 80,000 

 men. 



The following concife lid of the mod remarkable and 

 decifive battles which have taken place (chiefly in Europe) 

 from the earliell ages, may not prove wholly unacceptable. 



B.C. 

 Marathon, between the Greeks and Pei-fians, fought 490 

 Himera, in Sicily, between the Greeks and Carthagi- 

 nians, 480 

 Platasa, Greeks and Perfians, 470 

 Mycale, in Ionia, 47^ 

 Eurymedon, ajq 

 In Egypt, between the Athenians and Perfians, 460 

 Of the AlTinaros, in Sicily, between the Athenians and 



Syracufans, 41* 



Cynaxa, in Perfia, 450 



Coronea, between Agefilaus and the forces of the The- 



ban alliance, aox 



Leaftra, where the Spartans were entirely defeated by 



Epaminondas and thcThebans, 371 



ManciuRa, ag^ 



Cheronasa, ijg 



Of the Granicus, 3^4 



Ifllis, ■ ^ 333 



Arbela, or Gaugamela, which fubverted' the Fcrfian 



empire, 331 



Of the Hydafpes, between Alexander and Porus, 327 



Ipfus, in Phrygia, 301 



Beneventum, in Italy, between Pyrrhus and the Ro- 

 mans, 274 

 Agrigentum, in Sicily, between the Romans and Car- 

 thaginians, 262 

 Tunis, in Africa, do. 255 

 Panormus, in Sicily, do. 251 

 Of the Macar, in Africa, between Hamilcar Barcas and 



the revolted mercenaries, 239 



Trebia, in Italy, between Hannibal and the Romans, 2 1 8 

 Of the lake Thrafymenus, do. 2 1 7 



Cannce, do", one of the mod complete defeats men- 

 tioned in hiftory, 216 

 Sena, on the iVIetaurus, where the army of Afdrubal 



was cut off by Nero, the Roman conful, 207 



In Spain, between Scipio and Afdrubal the fon of 



Gilco, 206 



Zama, Hannibal totally defeated by Scipio, 202 



Magnefia, between L. Scipio and Antiochus, J 90 



Pydna, between Perfeus and P. .lEmilius, 168 



Nephcris^ 



