BAT 



preached to dtformity. Asa painter, he acqiiued eminence 

 by the native force ot his genius; and he had no livj.l but 

 Mengs, who furpafied him in knowledge and learning, whilft 

 he was inferior to liim in natural talents. Battoni, having com- 

 pleted his 79th year, died in 1787. Filkington. Biog. Dift. 

 BATTOON, or Batoon. See Baston. 

 BATTORY, a name given by the Hans Towni to their 

 niagazines or faftories abroad : the chief of which are thofe 

 at Archangel, Novogorod, Berghcm, Lifbon, Venice, ajid 

 Antwerp. 



BATTOW, in Geography, a village on the weft coaft of 

 Africa, S.E. from Cape Cavalloo, on the weft fide of a 

 fmall river oppofite to Zeno, or Svvino, on the eaft fide. 

 About half a league eaft, are two rocks lying under water, 

 and the breakers over them are feen at fea at the diftance 

 of a league, and ferve to point out the Cape and Road. 

 N. lat. 5= ; W. long. 8° 30'. 



BATTRE LA Mesure, Fr.to beat time, in iT/i^r. There 

 are various ways of marking the meafure and accents in mufic : 

 by dividing each bar into 2, 3, or 4 equal parts with the 

 motion of the hand, the foot, a ialon, or a roll of paper. In 

 common time of 2 minims or 2 crotchets in a bar, called 

 biruiry meafure, the hand is merely moved down and up. In 

 time of 4 crotchets in a bar, the French frequently mark 

 each portion of it, by beating the hand down to the firft crot- 

 chet, moving it to the left for the 2d, to the right for the 

 3d, and lifting it up for the lafl. In triple time, or ternary 

 meafure of 3 minims, 3 crotchets, or 3 quavers, it is ufually 

 beaten, 2 down and one up, or the ift down, the 2d to the 

 left, and the 3d up. 



The beating time is of great antiquity. The ancient 

 Greeks had various ways of regulating the accents of forg, 

 and fteps of the dance. See Rhythm and Greek Music. 

 The Italians often beat the two Crll portions of a bar, and 

 Eft the hand up for the reft, botli in common and triple time. 

 At the Opera, concert-fpiritual, and even at private con- 

 certs (formerly) there was a perfon at Paris, armed with a 

 truncheon [laton de Mefure) like a general, whom RoulTeau, 

 in his Dictionary, ridicules, and fays that he had been very 

 aptly called the Bucheron, or wood-cutter ; though w-hen 

 he wrote his mulical articles for th.e Encyckpedie, the Italians 

 and other nations, ftill had a C'jr'ijla to regulate the meafure 

 in the numerous bands employed in their churches when 

 there was a gran Funz'ione in celebration of fome faint or 

 holy time. But it was in England, at the Commemoration 

 of Handel in Weftminfter-abbey, that, in the moft numerous 

 band that ever was afllinbled in modern times, a Coryphjeus 

 was firft difpenfed with. See Timf, Measure, Arsis & 

 Thesis, Bar, Accent, & Battuta. 



BATTUS, Lieven, in Biography, was born at Ghent, 

 about the year 1540; but his father being obliged to remove 

 to Roftock, on account of the troubles about religion, when 

 he was only ten years old, he was put under the beft mafters 

 that place could afford, and he fo well piofited by the in- 

 ftruftion he received, that in 1559 he was.appointed teacher 

 in mathematics. In this office he continued until the year 

 1565, when the country being at once afflifled with war and 

 the plague, he went firft to Padua, and then to Venice, 

 wliere he was admitted doftor in medicine. Returning to 

 Roftock, he praftifcd medicine with fo much fuccefs and 

 reputation, that he was appointed profefTor in that fcience, 

 in which poft he died, April 1591. Some fmall medical 

 trafts, left by him in manufcript, were publilhtd in the Mif- 

 CtUanea of Henry Suretius, at Fra:ikf. 161 1, 8vo. His 

 fon, Conrad Baltus, following in the fteps of his father, re- 

 luming from his travels, took the degree cf doftor 111 medi- 

 •ine at Bafle, in 1604, but falling down ftairs, at his brother's 



BAT 



houfe at Roftock, foon after his return there, he receiTed 

 a wound in his groin, from a knife he had in his pocket, 

 which occafioned his death. He alfo left fome fliort effayi 

 on medical fubjefts, which were publifhed with his father's, 

 in the Mifcellanea. 



Battus, Charles, a Flemifii writer of fome emi- 

 nence, who flourifiied about the end of the 16th century, 

 publilhed in 1598, a tranflation of the works of Guillemsau, 

 into his own language, folio, Dordretch, and in 1615, the 

 works of Ambrofe Para, folio, Amfterdam, with numerous 

 plates engraved on wood ; alfo a manual for furgeons, with 

 a treatife on wounds of the head, from Hippocrates, i»mo. 

 Haller. Bib. Chirurg. Eloy. Dift. Hift. 



T3attus, an order of penitents at Avignon, and in 

 Provence, whofe piety carries them to extrcife fevere difci- 

 piine upon themfelves, both in public and private. 



BATTUSZANI, in Geography, atown of European Tur- 

 key, in the province of Moldavia, 44 miles N.N.W of JafTy. 

 BATTUTA, Ital. a bar in Mufc, or thofe portions of 

 a mufical compofition, where the time is beaten, or marked, 

 with the hand or foot. The Crufca diftionar-y defines bat- 

 tuta ; quella niifura di tempo che da il maeftro della mufica, 

 in batlendo a' cantori. Varchi, who died in 1566, and who 

 is quoted in the Crufca as authority for the ufe of this term, 

 fays ; quanta noia, e faftidio n' apportino coloro agli occhi, 

 e agli orecchi, i quale che non ballano a tempo, o non can- 

 tano a battuia. What pain and uneafy fcafations do thofe 

 give us, who neither dance nor fing in time! 



Amendue parlarinoinrimc, canzoni, e altre fpezie di dire 

 con mifura di piede, e di tempo fiUabitati. Both pronounced 

 in rhyme, fongs, and other fpecies of poetry, in raeafured 

 feet, and poetical numbers. This paftage is cited from a 

 MS. of 1400. 



It is not eafy to imagine how mufic, in many parts, could , 

 be compofed in /core, without bars or vertical lines drawn 

 through them all, whence the term /core was derived ; r.or 

 what kind of bars could contain the quantity of a maxima^ 

 equal to eight femibreves, unlfefs we fuppofe that femibreves 

 were fung or played as quick as quavers aix now. See Pimi, 

 Accent, Arsis, and Measure. 



The moft ancient kind of time-table that has occurred in 

 the courfe of our rcfearches, confifted of only four feveral 

 kinds of mufical characters. 



The Maxima 



equal to 

 2 Longs 



4 Breves 



I 



A 



1 



D 



D 



D 



n 





8 Semibreves O O O C O O O 



Amorg Italian muficians we frequently find the words 

 a haltuta, which import in time or meafure, after recitative or 

 an " ad libitum." Accordingly, a in the Italian mufical 

 languai;e, when it precedes a fnbftantive, has the power of /n. 



BATU-PURUDAN, fludus lapidei {Valent.) in Natural 

 jy^'oQ', one of the fynonymes of Madrepora Labyrin- 

 th ica. Gmel. 



BATUA, Butua, Biilhor, or Buthoue, in j^neient Gca- 

 graphy, a town of Dalmatia, now Bldoa, which fee. 



Batc^A, 



