B A V 



Baiva, in Geography, a kingdom of Africa, in the 

 empire of Monomatapa, extending from tlie mountains of 

 tiio Moon to the- river Magnico, wtiofc pi ince is a vaflal of the 

 emperor. It is famous for its gold mines. 



BATUDA, a method of fiftiing mc-.tioncd in fome M'ul- 

 r.li ylje IVriters, whtnin tlie fi(h are driven by beating the 

 water with poles, till flocking into o::e place, tluy are the 

 loo:ier caught. 



BATUECAS, LOS, in Gmgraphy, a people of Spain, 

 i:i the kingdom of Leon, and dioctle of Coria, iiihnbitiiig a 

 valley called " the valley of the Batuec.is" encompaffjd by 

 mountains that are almoft inacccfiible, between Salamanca 

 to the north, Coria to the foulh, the river Tormez to the 

 call, and the rock of France to the weft. Thel'e people are 

 fuppofed to be the remains of the a;icitnt Goths, who took 

 refuge in this valley among high moimtnins in their elciipe 

 from the Moors. Others fay, that their anceftors were an- 

 cient Spaniards or Iberians, who retired h:thcr at the litre of 

 the inval-on of the Goths. They arc diftinguinud by their 

 barbarifm and rullicity to fuch a degree, that the Spaniards 

 proverbially denominate an uncivilized perfon, one who comes 

 from the valley of Batuecas. 



B.^TURIN, a town of the Ukraine, on the river Defna, 

 belonging tothe Ruflians, and fituate in thediftriil of Nef- 

 chin, which forms a part of LefTer RiifTiii. It was dellroyed 

 by the Ri-.tTians in 1708 j but the caftle has been twice re- 

 built, and the town in fome degree repaired. 



BATUS, in Entomology., a fpecies of CKRAMnvx, fri nd in 

 India and South America. The thorax is wrinkled a::d fpi- 

 iious : wing-cafes bidentated : Antennae long, with hooked 

 prickles. Linn. This is Capricornus niger. Muf. Pelrop. 



B.-\TUSABER, in Gi'O^ra/./;;', the capital of the kingdom 

 ofYobor, in the fouthern extremity of the peninfula it Ma- 

 lacca, fituated about 6 leagues from the fca, on the river 

 Yohoror Jor, in a marfliy fituation, fo that its f:i;all wooden 

 lioufesare raifed upon poles about 8 feet from the grourd. 



BATZ, or Batxes, in Commerce, a copper coin mixed 

 with fome fdvcr, and current at different rates, according to 

 the quantity of alloy, in many parts o£ Germany and Swit- 

 zerland. 



B. AV. See Character. 



BAVANY, or Bowanv, in Gtogniply, a river of Hin- 

 dooilan, which runs into the Cavery, 7 miles norih of Er- 

 road in Coimbetore : N. lat. 11° 25'. E. long. 77" 50'. 



BAVARIA, Circle of, called Bjyern by the Germans, 

 one of the circles of Germany, derives its name from the 

 duchy of Bavaria, which is the moll confiderable part of it, 

 and is bounded on the eaft by Auftria and Bohemia, on the 

 fouth by Carinthia and Tyrol, on the welt by Suabia and 

 Franconia, and on the north by the Upper Palatinate, which, 

 if coniidered as belonging to it, verges towards Upper Sax- 

 ony. The dominions of the elector of Bavaria and the Pa- 

 latinate, for thefe eleftorates arc united, are computed to 

 contain 16,176 fquare miles, and 1,934,000 inhabitants. 

 Hocck eftimates Bavaria at 1,339,900, and the Palatinate 

 01305,000. See Pai-atinatf. Bufching dilbibutcs the 

 20 dates of the circle of Bavaria into ecckfialHc and 

 laic. To the former he refers the archbifhopric of Saltz- 

 burg, the bilr.oprics of Freifingen, Ratiibon, a:id Patfau, to- 

 gether with the prioiy of Berchtolfgadcn, and the abbies of 

 t)t. Emeran, Lower and Upper Munftcr, all which three lie 

 in the city of Ratilbon. The latter are compofed of the elec- 

 torate of Bavaria, the duchies of Neuburg and Sul/.bach, 

 the landgravate of Leuchtenberg, the princely county of 

 Sternllein, together with the counties of Ilaag and Orten- 

 burg, and alfo the lordfhips of Ehrenfels, Sulzburg, and 

 Pyrbaum, Hohenwaldcck, Brcitcneck, and the imperial city 



B A V 



of Ratifbon, Of this circle, the eleclor of Bavaria, and 

 the archbifliop of Saltzburg, are joitit fummoniiig princes. 

 The diets, though ufually lield at Ratifbon, are fometimes 

 fummoned to Walferburg, Landlhut, and Muldorf. When 

 the militai7 force of the empire, in time of peace, was fettled 

 in 1681, at 40,000 men, the number required to be fur- 

 nifhed by this circle was 800 cavalry, and 1494 infantry ; 

 and towards the 300,000 florins granted in 1707, it paid 

 18,252 florins, 9 kruitzers. The elector of Bavaria is the 

 military commander of the forces of the circle. 



Bavaria is part of the RluttiaVindclicia and Noricum of the 

 ancients, and is fuppoled to have derived its name from the 

 Bon, a warlike people, that migrated from Gallia Ceitica, 

 croffed the Rhine, and firft fettled in Bohemia. About the 

 time of the emperor Auguftus, they v/ere expelled the coun- 

 try by the Marcomanni, and removed into Noricum ; and 

 their fettlement was called " Bojer" or " Bayerland ;" in 

 Latin, " B(>jaria,"or" Bajoaria," w'lence, in prccefs of time, 

 was formed Bavaria. In the 6th century, whc-n the empire 

 of the Franks was divided among the four fons of Clovis, 

 Bavaria became fubjcft to the dominion of the Auftrafian 

 kings, and was governed by dukes. In the 9th century, 

 princes of the Francic family affumed the (tyle of kings of 

 Bavaria, while Lieutpold in 889, was the fnll duke ; and his 

 progeny extend to the prefcnt day, though interrupted in 

 946, when, Berthold dying without children, the emperor 

 Otho gave Bavaria to his brother Henry of Saxony. In 

 107 1, Welph, fon of Azo of Eftc, became duke of Bavaria, 

 which, in I 138, pafT^d to the houfe of Auftria ; but in 11 54, 

 it reverted to the lu.ufe of Welph, in the perfon of Henry 

 the Lion. In 11 So, it finally retin-ned to the iirfl: family, 

 by the fuccelTion of Otho of Witllebach, a dcfcendant of 

 Arnulph, fecond duke of Bavarii, A. D. 907. After the 

 family had been unjuftly depiived for more than two 

 centuries, the Palatinate and Bavaria have recently been in- 

 habited by a branch of the fannily of Deux Ports, the fon 

 of the eleClor being now nominal duke of Deux Ponts. 



Bavaria, Duchy or F.kilorate of, comprehends the greater 

 part of the circle, and is divided into Upper and Lower Ba- 

 varia, and the Upper Palatinate. The length from north to 

 fouth is fomewhat interrupted, but may be about 150 Bri- 

 tifh miles, aod the breadth about 120. The duchy is 

 bounded on the north by Bohemia and the Upper Palati- 

 nate ; on the eaft by Auilria, and the bifliopries of Saltz- 

 burg and Paftau ; on the well by the duchy of Neihurg, 

 the marquifate of Bwrgau, and the biftiopric of Auglburg ; 

 and on the fouth by the county of Tyrol, and the bifhopric 

 of Brixen. Upper Bavaria is, for the moll part, mountain- 

 ous, cold, and barren, producing little corn and lefs wine ; but 

 it is covered with forcils, interfperfcd with large and fmall 

 lakes, and abounds in cattL', wild fowl, game, baths, medi- 

 cinal fprings, and fait works. It is alfo enriched with mines 

 of lilver and copper, lead and iron. It has alfo many quar- 

 ries of marble. Lower Bavaria, being much more level, is 

 more fertile, and produces plcTity of grain, pafturage, and 

 fruit. The mountains of Upper Bavaria may be confidered 

 as branches of the Alps. The chief rivers of this duchy are 

 the Danube, the Ifer, the Inn, the Lech, the Nub, the 

 Atmuhl, and the Regen. Its Luge inland lakes are 16, 

 and its fmaller ones i6o. Render, in h-b " Tour through 

 Germ.any,'' (Vol. II. p. 29c) reckons 33 cities, belides Mu- 

 nich the capital, 80 market towns, 8coo villages and ham- 

 lets, 39,949 taxable farms, 12,000 folitary houfes, 6000 

 uninhabited fatm-houfes, 180,000 hearths, 3,050 churches, 

 548 chapels, 908 pirilhes, 12 collegiate foundations, and 142 

 convents. Upper Bavaria is divided into two governments 

 or regencies; that of Munich, and that of Dmkhaufen. The 



principal 



