B A V 



principal towns of the former are Muiiicli, PfaflTenhaufen, 

 Abenfperg, Ing-olftadt, Dona-vert, Friedberg, Landeberg, 

 Weilheim, Tolz, WafTerbura:, Traunftein, and Reicheiihall. 

 Thofe of the latter, are Burkhaufen, Oetting, Trufburg, 

 Braunan, Uttendoi f, Friburg, Ritrd, and Scharding. Lower 

 Bavaria is alfo divided into two governments ; that of Land- 

 fhiit, comprehending, befidts other towns, Landfhut, CEr- 

 ding, Dingelfing, Teifbach, Hals, Roltenburg, Mofburg, 

 and Ofterhofen ; and that of Straiibing, the chief places of 

 which are Strav.bing, Pogen, Chnm, Kclheim, Stadt-am- 

 Hoff, and Deckendorf. The ftates of the duchy confiil 

 of the clergy, nobility, and burgefR's, of which a committee 

 afferr.blts at Munich whenever it may be neceflary : but be- 

 fore the acceffion of the houfe of Deux Fonts, the admini- 

 ftration had become the moll lethargic of any in Germany i 

 and on this account the political importance of Bavaria has, 

 in fome meafure, declined ; and in the dangerous »fO!]fli£l 

 that has fubfilled, and may ftill fnbfill between France and 

 Au!!ria, it may be difE:uk for this power to preferve a 

 fhadow of independence. By t'.ie hfth lecret article of the 

 treaty of Carr.po Formio, Odtober 17, 1797, the French re- 

 public e-gagcs to tmoloy its infl'jr;:ce, tint his majcfty the 

 emperor fhail receive the archbi(hoj;'ic of Saltz'ourg, and that 

 part of the circle of Bavaria whicii ;j..i between the archbi- 

 ihopric ol Sa!tzburg,the river Inn, Saiza, and Tyrol ; includ- 

 ing the town of Waflcrburg, on the right bank of the Inn, 

 with an anondilfemerit of 3CC0 toifc . 



The eftablifhed religion of Bavaria /: the Roman catholic ; 

 and no other is even tolerated : and tlu.5 tiie fpirit of induftry 

 is very materially checked and reftrained. The clergy, both 

 fecular and regular, are vei-y rich ; but the peafants are 

 wretched in th; extreme, their chief fubfiftcnce arifing from 

 the herds of fwine that are fed on acornj and crabs in the 

 woods and foreih. The number of inhabitants in this duchy 

 is eiliraated at jcoo. and the regular militai^ force at 1 2,000. 

 Th" principal manufaftures of the countrj-.are thofe of coarfe 

 woollen cioth, filk and woolle'i fluffs, velvet, tapellry, ftock- 

 ings, clocks, and watches. The principal exports arc wheat, 

 cattle, wood, fait, and iron. Befides the mines of filver and 

 copper near Piidcnmais, in the bailliage of Viechtach, and 

 of le?.d at Reichenthal, the chief mineral riches of Bavaria 

 confiil in the fait fprings at Traunilein, which pervade moun- 

 tahT! -jffabne earth, lik;: thofe at Hallcin, in tiie a'chhifhop- 

 ric of Saltzburg, and occupy matiy people in produtlive in- 

 duflry. There are other fprings at Reichenthal. Thefe 

 latter fpring"; are 20 in number ; but fait is only rr.ade from 

 4 of them : fur which purpofe part of the water proceeding 

 from them is conveyed by pipes to the cauldrons at Traun- 

 fteiri, which is abo'.;t 3 leagues di.tant. The fait annually 

 made from thefe fprings amounts to 250,000 quiritals. 



The title of the elector is " By the grace of God, duke of 

 Upper and Lower Bavaria, as aifu of the Upper Palatinate ; 

 Pfalfgrave of the R'!;iae, arch-fftward of tjie holy Roman 

 empire, and tlcdor and landgrave of Leuchtenberg." He 

 has 5 hereditary officers, viz. a mall.'r of the houfhold, a 

 fteward, marfhal, cup bearer, and huntfman. The B-iva- 

 rian order of St. George was revived in 1729, by the cle£tor 

 Albert. Tlie knights of th^: order are ft\kd " defenders 

 of the immaculate conception of t!ie bleficd Virgin Mary/' 

 and are required to produce uriquettionable prooii of the no- 

 bility of their anceflry for 8 generations in both lines. The 

 elector is grand miiler ; and its cnlign is a crofs, enamelled 

 blue, with a St. George in the middle ; 0.1 the reverfe of 

 which is the name of the rcllorer of the order in a cypher 

 furmounted with the eleftoral cap, ar.d bearing at the 4 

 angles the letters I. V. P. F. which fignify " juitus velul 



B A V 



palma florcbit," i. e. the righteous fhall flourifh like a palm- 

 tree. The crofs is woru pendent to a broad fky blue ribbon, 

 with a black and white border. The elector has the fifth feat in 

 the eleftoral college, and fevcral votes at the diets, both of 

 the empire and the circle, in the colleges of the princes and 

 counts. His ordniary revenue, including the tolls on all 

 the veflels which pafs up and down the Danube, and other 

 navigable rivers, with that which arifes from the monopoly 

 of corn, fait, beer, tobacco, and mines, together with his own 

 domain, is fuppofed, by fome, to amount to 700,occl. per 

 ann. Bufching and baron Reifbach eflimate it at 8oo,oocl. 

 Render at 1,031,2501. and otl-.ers at !,i66,6ocl. 



The Bavarians are little diftinguifhed in literature ; but 

 they are a vigorous race, adapted to the fatigues of war^ 

 They have, however, an yniverfity at Ingoliladt, and an 

 Academy of Sciences at Munich. Baron Reifbach (Trav. I. 

 1 07) gives a very unfavourable account of their corporeal form 

 and general difpofition and character. The characleriflic of a 

 Bavarian, he fays, is a very round head, a little broad chin, a 

 large belly, and a pale complexion ; fo that many of them ap- 

 pear like caricatures of men ! They have large fat bellies, fhort 

 clubbed feet, narrow fiioulders, a thick round head, and 

 (liort necks ; and they are heavy and awkward in their car- 

 riage. But the women are, in general, extremely beauti- 

 ful, well fhap -d, of clear tranfparent complexions, and much, 

 more Uvely and graceful in their gcflures than the men. The 

 chief ornament of the men is a long broad waillcoat, ftrangeiy 

 embroidered, from which their bieeches hang low and loofe. 

 The women difguife themfelves with itays in the fliape of a 

 funnel, covering the breail and fhoulders, and hiding the 

 whole neck. He fays, that no pen can defcribe the ridicu- 

 lous mixture of debauchery and devotion, which is exhibited 

 every day ; and he adds, that the propenfity to fealling, in- 

 dolence, and beggary, which prevails in Bavaria, is coun- 

 tenanced and fandlioued by the example of the priefls. In- 

 dolence, he fays, is the prevailing cnaraCter of the Bavari- 

 ans : and Bavaria well dcferves the character given of it by 

 an officer of Gafcony, of being the grcateft brothel in the 

 world. "With their indolence, intemperance, and devotion, 

 they unite, accorcing to his account, a certain ferocity of 

 temper, which often occafions quarrels, mutual abufe, and 

 fcenes of blood. The Bavarian peafant, fays this writer, 

 is gruff, fat, dirty, lazy, drunken, and undifcipiined ; but he 

 is brave, oEconomical, patriotic, and fuch a flave to his 

 word, that when it has once been given, it is never violated. 

 Confiderable benefiti however, has been derived from the 

 laudable plans for deflrcying mendicity and encouraging in- 

 duilry, propofed and carried into clfeCl at Munich by- 

 count Rumford. See Munich. 



By the plan of indemnities, agreed upon between the Firft 

 Co;;ful of France and the emperor of Ruffia, in purfuance of 

 the 7th articleof the treaty of Luhe\THe, it was agreed to pro- 

 pofe that the indemnities to the archduke, grand duke, fhould 

 be for Tufcany, and its dependencies, the archbifhopric of 

 Saltzburg, the provoftfhip of Berchtolfgaden, the biniopric or 

 Trent, that of Brixen, and part of that of Paffau, lituate 

 beyond the Iltz ard the Inn, on the fide of Auftria, except 

 the fubuvbs of Pallau, with a radius of 500 toifes, and the ab- 

 beys, chapters, and convents, fituate i:i the abovementiontd 

 diocefcs. Thefe principalities were to be taken out of the- 

 circle of Bavaria, and incorporated in the circle of Auflria, 

 aid their eccletiaflical jurildiftions, both metropolitan and 

 diocefan, were to be alfo feparated by the limits of the two 

 circles ; Muhldorf to be united to Bavaria, and its equiva- 

 lei.t in revenue takv.n from thofe of Freifmgen. To the eleftor 

 Palatine of Bavaria were to be afligned, for the duchy of 



'Dcus.- 



