B A \V 



13 A W 



high rocV, and fcparated from the town Viy a ditch anil ram- 

 p.Mts. Tliis citadel was founded before tl.c town, wliicli had 

 it^ rrfi; in tlic 9th century. This town had formerly a con- 

 fiderablc manufacture of linen, hats, ftockings, and gloves, 

 and atfo of glazed leather, cloth, fiiltian, a:c. It has fre- 

 quently fiid'erid much from firo. It was taken by the Pruf- 

 lians in 1757 ; and after their retreat, taken ponKTion of by 

 the citize:!S. The Lutherans and Catholics are allowed the 

 free cxercife of their religion. N. lat. 51*^ 10'. E. long. 

 .4° 42'. 



BAUX, Les, or Baulx, in Latin Bahiiim, a town of 

 Trance, in the department of the months of tlie Rlione, 

 and chief place of a canton in the dillricl of Tavafcon, 

 feated on a hill havii.g a (Irong caille, formerly an indepen- 

 dent barony, and afterwards a marquifatc. N. lat. 43'' 42'. 

 E. long. 5° o'. 



Baux IJlanii, a nsme given by captain Marchand to a 

 final! illand of the Paciiic ocean ; being one of the group 

 called Her^cll's iflands near tlic Marquelas, and denominated 

 by Hergtd, S\r Henry Martin's IJlnnd ; which fee. 



BAWD, a pcrlon who keeps a place of prollitution, or 

 makes a trade of debauchmg women, and procuring or con- 

 ducing criminal intrigues. Some think the word is derived 

 from the old French baiide, bold or impmliriil ; tliough Ver- 

 llcgan has a conjefture which would carry it higlicr, viz. 

 from bal/jf, anciently written ba</i: In which fenfe, bawd ori- 

 ginally imported no mire than bath-holder, as if bagnios had 

 anciently been the chief fcencs of fuch prollitution. The 

 Romans had their male as well as female bawds ; the former 

 denominated Lnoncs and pro<i'^o^i, among us pamlcrs ; the 

 latter, Liit. 



By a law of Corllantinc, bawds were to be puniflied by 

 pouring melted lead down their throats. 



BAWDER, in Gfo^ruphy, a river of England, which 

 runs into the Tees, about 3 miles N. N. W. of Barnard- 

 caftle in the coi'.ntv of Durham. 



BAWD-MONEY, in Botouy. See .^Ethvsa Meum. 

 BAWDSEY Havf.n, in d-o^rajt/jy, a fmall bay or an- 

 choring place near the fouth point of the coaft of Suffolk, 

 foraied by th.e ocean, and the mouth of the fmall river Dc- 

 beii, about a league to the call of Languard fort. 



BAWDY-HousE, a houfe of ill-farne, to which lewd 

 perfons of both fexes refort for the pvuj)ofe of licentious 

 and criminal indulgence. Houfcs of tliis kind, under the 

 dcnominalioii of brothels and Hews, are licenfcd in fome 

 countries ; and in England they were privileged by patent, 

 regulated by Itatute, and tolerated as a neceffary drain for 

 corruption, from the reign of Henry 11. to the hill year of 

 Henry VIII. when t!iey were fuppreflcd by found of trum- 

 pet ; and their fuppriffion was perhaps attended with 

 greater folcmnity than that of the convents. Tleir fup- 

 preffion, however, failed to extirpate lewdnefs ; and Lati- 

 mer (Sermons, p. 43.), wliofc fermons are replete with a 

 barbarous eloquence, inveighs bitterly at its fubfequent pre- 

 valence. In 1 650, the repeated aft of keeping a brotiicl, and 

 alfo of committing fornication, was, upon a I'econd co;;vi.'i:on, 

 made felony without benefit of clergy. L'ut at the rcllora- 

 tion, vyhen hypocrify deviated into the extreme of hccntiouf- 

 liefs, it was not thought proper to renew a law of fuch un- 

 fafhionable rigour. The keeping of a bawdy-houfe is co"-. 

 niz:i'.)!c by the temporal law, as a common nuifance, not 

 only becaufe it endangers the public peace by drawing to- 

 gether diffolute and debauched perfons, aiid proniotin<T 

 quarrels, but becaufe it tends to corrupt the manners of the 

 people by an open profeffion of iewdnefs. (3 Inft. 205. 

 I Hawk. P. C. c. 74.) Thofe who keep bawdy-lioufcs arc 

 puoilhed with fine aad imprifonmciit, and alfo fuch infamous 



ptinift-.ment, as pillory, &c. as the cotirt fliall inflidt ; and 

 a lodger, who keeps oniy a fingle room for the ufc of 

 bawdry, is indiftablc for keeping a bawd} -houfe. (i Salk. 

 382.) Perfons rcforting to a bav.dy-houle are punifliable ; 

 and they may be bound to tluir good behaviour. Cut if a 

 pcrfon be indldl.d for keeping or frequenting a bawdy-houfe, 

 it mull be exprefiily alleged to be fuch a houle, and that the 

 party knew it, and not by fufpicion only. (Poph. 208.) A 

 man may be indicted for keeping bad women in his own 

 houfe. (i. Hawk. P. C. c. 61. 5. 2.) A condable, upon 

 information that a man and woman are gone to a lewd 

 houfe, or abuut to commit fornication or adalteiy, may, if 

 he finds them together, carry them before a julUce of 

 peace without any v.'anant, aiid the juflice may bind them 

 ov^r to the ftflioiis. (Dalt. 214.) Conllablcs may cntLr 

 bawdy-houfes, call others to their affillancc, and arreft the 

 ofrenders for a breach of the peace. In London, they 

 may carry them to prifon ; and by the cullom of the city, 

 whores and bav.ds may be carted. (3 lull. 2oC») By Hat. 

 25 Geo. II. c. 3C. made perpetual by flat. 28 Geo. II. 

 c. 19. if two inhabitants, paying fcot and lot, fliall give no- 

 tice to a conllable of any perlon keeping a bawdy-houfe, 

 the conlloble Hiall go with tlie.ii before a juiUce of peace, 

 and fliall, upon the oath of fuch inhabitants, that they be- 

 lieve the contents of fuch notice to be tiiie, and theii- enter- 

 ing into a recognizance of 20I. each, to give material evi- 

 dence of the ofience, enter into a recognizance of 30I. to 

 prolecute with cfTcCt fuch perfon for Inch offence at the 

 next ielTions. The conllable fliall be paid his rcafonablc ex- 

 pences by the overfeers of the poor, afcertainable by two 

 jullices ; and upon conviclion of the offender, the overfcirs 

 ftiali pay thj two inhabitants lol. each. A conllable, nc- 

 gleding his duty, forteits 2ol. Any ptrfon appearing as 

 mailer or miilrtls, or as having the care or management of 

 any bawdy-houfe, fliall be deemed the keeper of it, and lia- 

 ble to be puniflied as fuch. A wife may be indicted and fet 

 in the pillory tc/V/i her hufband, for keeping a brothel ; for 

 this is an olicnce refpefting the domeftic aconomy and go- 

 veniment of the houfe, in which the wiie lias a principal 

 fliare ; and it is fuch an offence as the law picfumcs to be 

 genet ally condudtd by the intrigues of the female fex. 

 I Hauk. P.C. 2, 3. 



BAWLING, among Htiiitcrs, is fpokcn of tiie dog^, 

 when they are too bufy before they find the fcent good. 



BAWN, or Bak, derived from the Tcutonick buivm, to 

 co..lhuct and fecurc with branches of trees, in y'nti'^nily, an 

 area enclofcd with thick ditclies of earth fquare or circuh.r, 

 impaled with wooden lliikes or the branches of trees, ai.d 

 lunouncied with a deep trench. This was called in Irifli 

 tiahigeau, a word of Celtic origin. Numerous remains of 

 inch fortrefles are found not only in various parts of Ireland, 

 but alfo in Britain, Germany, Sweden, and almoft every 

 country of Europe. The Irilh gave great trouble to the 

 Englifli for many centuries by fortifying pafils between tl:^ 

 bogs and mountains in this manner, fo that it was a tedious 

 work to cut through tiiem, a;.d make the roads pafl'able. 

 Tills vvas czW^d p'li/iiiiig a pafs, from the Franco-Gallic v.ord 

 f)/a/fer, which, like biiiven, fignifies to entwine ; and it con- 

 lilled in fecuring the top of the vallum with flicks interlaced 

 with branches. Before the Englifli invafion, each family of 

 the Irilh is fuppofed by Mr. Ledwich. to have hvcd in a mud 

 cabin furrourded by a bcu'n. The Englifli introduced ealUes, 

 in which they v/ei't imitated by the natives. In couife of 

 tim.e, laivn came to fignify an inclofure witli a wall, inllead 

 of plaflitrd Hakes ; and we find queen Elizabeth and James I. 

 requiring thofc to whom grants were made, to conlliudl 

 callics with Liizun:, or courts round them, for the prottdtioa 

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