BAY 



of Eilero river, about 20 miles from tlic fca ; and it pves 

 name to a channel, that runs between tlic numerom Iniall 

 iflands and rocks, called " Jardin de la Reyna, or Queen's 

 gardens," on the north-well, and the ihoals and rocks that 

 hue the coall on the fouth-eall fide of it, from the bold 

 point called Cabo de Cruz. 



BAYARD, or Uaiard. in fome 0!J MVihrs, is an ap- 

 pellative for a horfe. Hence the phrafes, blind bayard, ba- 

 yard's watering, bayard's green, ixc. 



BAYDER, in C.vgrnpky, a fmall town of the Crimea 

 or Taurida, which give's name to the delightful valley, called 

 by the natives the " Tauric Arcadia," the " Crimean 

 Ttmpe," &c. which ii watered by two gentle murmuring 

 Urcams. It is of an oval form, about 20 miles long, and 

 fiirroundcd by high mountains, covered with beautitul woods, 

 intermixed with odoriferous flortering fluubs. It contains 

 :i num'ier of Tartar villages, romantically iituated and inha- 

 bited by the families of fliephcrds and hulbandnien. 

 V>.\\orf.tCtipe, Stc Bajador. 



BAYEN, Peter, in Biography, a French chtmift, was 

 born at Chalons in 1725. In 1749, he ferved under Chaias 

 in pharmacy. He gave analyfts of the mineral waters of 

 France ; and he wrote memoirs on marbles, ferptiitine ilones, 

 porphyries, granites, jafpers, fchilb, and iron Ipar. He 

 doubted the exillcnce of the phlogifton of Stahl ; and by 

 operating on mercurial precipitates, he found that what are 

 called metaUic oxides owe their Hate, when obtained by cal- 

 cining metals, to the abforption of one of the conllituent in- 

 gredients of atmofpheric air. This chemill alfo difcovered 

 the fu'.Tiinating property of metals, when mixed with a very 

 little fulphur ; and he fliewcd thcit tin was not necedarily 

 contaminated by arfenic ; that what is ufcd by potters con- 

 tains copper and antimony, by which it is rendered hard ; 

 zinc, by which it is whitened ; bifmuth, by which it is ren- 

 dered fonorous; and lead, in order to diminifh the price. 

 Bayen died at the age of 72 years. Mem. de I'Inllitut. Na- 

 tional, &c. vol. ii. 



BAYER, Gottlieb Siegfried, a celebrated philolo- 

 gift, was born at Konigfberg, in PruiTia, in 1694, and (lu- 

 died, chiefly, the languages, tirll in his native city, and after- 

 wards at Dantzig, Btilin, and Lcipfic ; at which latter 

 place he took the dejjree of mailer of arts in 1717. On his 

 return to Konigfb.r^ in the following year, he was appointed 

 librarian of the public librar)'. In 1726 he removed to Pe- 

 teriburgh, became profeffor of the Greek and Roman anti- 

 quities in the Academy of Sciences, and acquired an exten- 

 five knowledge of the Chinefe and other Afiatic languages. 

 In 1730 he was chofen member of the Academy of Sciences 

 at Berlin ; and in 17JI invited to be profeffor of eloquence 

 at Halle; wliich I.e was not allowed to accept, but continued 

 in Ruffia with a confidcrable iiicreafe of falary. He died at 

 Peteriburgh in 17.58. His numerous differtations on differ- 

 ent fubjeijls are inKrted in Lilicnthal's " Scltft. Hiftor. oc 

 Liter," the " Ada Eruoitorum," and the " Comment. 

 Acad. Petropol." Sec. ^is " Mufeum Sinicum," pub- 

 hihedin 1732, in 2 vols. Svo. is a work of great learning and 

 ingenuity. Gen. Biog. 



BAYER, John, a German ailronomer, fiourifhcd at the 

 clofe of the i6tii and coiiimence:nent of the 17th centuries ; 

 but the time and place of his birth are not afccrtained. 

 Some have fuppofcd that he was the grandfather of the fub- 

 jecl of the preceding article, and that he was born at Augf- 

 hurg. It was at Auglburg, however, that he publiihed, in 

 1603, his excellent and ufefil work, cntitLd " Uranome- 

 tna." This is a large celeftial atlas, confiding of folio 

 charts of all the conftcUations, with a nomenclature, col- 

 Jetted from all the tables of allronomy, ancient and reodern, 



7 



B A Y 



mproved by his ownufeful invention of denoting the (lars in 

 each conllellation by Greek letters, in alpliabetical order ac- 

 cording to tile magnitude of each. The liars are thus aa 

 eafily dillinguifiied as if each of them had an appropriate 

 name; and the utihty of this mode of claffificalioii has been 

 fo much approved, that it h.as been retained, fince Bayer's 

 time, ill all the athffes, catalogues, and ctlelUal globes 

 through the fcientific world. This valuable work was gra- 

 dually improved and augmented by the author liimfelf. In 

 the year 1627 Julius Schiller, a civilian, piojtiled by the 

 fujjgellion of Bayer, and publilhed his Uranographia, under 

 the title of " Calum .Stellatum Chrillianum;" in which he 

 iijeftcd the heathen names, charafters, ;uid ligures of the 

 conflellations, and inferted in their Head others taken from 

 the fcriptures. Accordingly he placed the twelve apolUes 

 in the zodiac ; and he deduced the fouthern conllellations 

 from the Old Tcllament, and the northern ones from the 

 New Tellamer.t. This innovation, however, tended to em- 

 barrafs a.'lronomers, and was never adopted. The ancient 

 names were therefore reftored in the later editions of the 

 Uranometria of 1654 and 1661. MontucUi, Hill, des Math. 

 torn. ii. p. 333. See Catalogue. 



BAYERSDORF, in Geography, a town of Germany, 

 in the circle of Franconia, and principality of Bayrtuth, 

 feated on the Rednitz, with a tribunal of jullice and a large 

 fynagogue ; 4 miles north of Erlang. 



BAYETTE, in Ichlhyology, a French name of the fpe- 

 cies of Sllurus obferved by Sonnini in the Nile, and figured 

 pi. 27 of his " Voyag€'en Egypte." It is the fame kind 

 which Forfl<;il calls Silurus bajad. It grows to a large fize, 

 but its fledi is not much ellecmed. 



BAYEUX, in Geography, a town of France, and prin- 

 cipal place of a diilricl, in the department of Calvados. Be- 

 fore the revolution it was the capital of Beflin, in tl:e pro- 

 vince of Normandy, the feat of a governor and the fee of a 

 bidiop, vvhofe dioctfe included 61 1 pariihes. The cathedral 

 is much admired. The number of inhabitants is computed 

 at 8000, and the principal commerce is leather. It is feated 

 on the river Aure, about 4 miles from the fea. N. lat. 

 49° 16' 30". W. long, o" 42' yi". 



The celebrated tapeftry of Bayeux, which Hill exids, and 

 is publicly exhibited at dated periods in the cathedral of the 

 city, is a very curious monument of the flate of t!»e art cf 

 embroidering at the time of the Norman conqueft. It is a 

 web of linen, nearly two feet in breadth, and 442 in length, 

 embroidered with the hillory of that memorable expedition, 

 from the emban"y of Harold to the Norman court in io6y, 

 till his death in the following year. The fcenes of tiiis bufy 

 period are fucccfiively exhibited, and confift of many hundred 

 figures of men, horfes, beads, birds, trees, houfes, caftles, 

 and churches, with infcriptions over them explanatory of 

 their meaning and hiftory. This work is underilood to- have 

 been performed under the 'direelion of Matilda, confort to 

 William I. and was not improbably executed by the hands of 

 Englidi women, whofe fuperiority in performances of this kind 

 was then univerfally acknowledged. The entire contents of 

 this tapeilry are reprefented in a feries of engravings, whicli 

 may be fetn in Montfaucon, torn. 1 & 2 ; and Ducarel, 

 Anglo-Norman Antiquities, App. No. i. 



BAYF, or Bait, Lazare De, in Biography, was the 

 fon of a gentleman of Anjou, and having iludied under Bu- 

 dx'us and others, he purfued the profefGon of the law at Paris ; 

 and afterwards travelled into Italy, and learned Greek under 

 Mufurus, a Candiot, at Rome. Upon his return he devoted 

 himfelf to literature, and retired to his own ellate at Anjou. 

 In 1531 he was fent by Francis I. as ambaffador to Venice; 

 in 1539116 was deputed on public bulincfs to Germany; and 



after 



