BAY 



B A Z 



they poffcfs in the management of this weapon. Daring 

 greater part of the feventeenth centurj-, one half of a bat- 

 talion was armed with pikes, the other carried mufquets ; 

 but the feeble effetl of thefe lall, and the frequent milung 

 fire from the aukward ufe of matchlocks, fuggclled the im- 

 provement of Hrclocks with bayonets, which unite the two 

 arms in the moll efFcftual manner. 



The battle of Marfaglia, in 1693, was the firll occafion 

 on which Catiuat put this improvement in praftice, againft 

 the Spaniards and Savoyards. The French infantry marched 

 boldly up to the enemy, received their hrc, and without re- 

 turning a fliot, charged furioufly with their bayonets. The 

 flangliter was horrible, and the rout of the allies complete. 

 The fame method was adopted by mavihal Tallard at the 

 battle of Spires in 1703 ; and by the due de Vendome at 

 the battle of Calcinato in Italy, in 1705. On both occafions 

 fncc'.fs was the fame as in the formerinilances. Of late thebay- 

 onet has come into very general ufe ; and battles ot importance 

 have been gained by it without the difcharge of a mufquet. 

 The late knig of Pruffia, although he relied greatly on the 

 running fire which lie taugi;t his troops to practife with 

 fuch terrible effect, yet highly recommended the charge 

 with the bayonet as the moll effectual means of throwing a 

 wavering enemy into irreparable difjrder. 



B-.:t t!ie French, whofe natural genius fetms particularly 

 adapted to the ufe of this weapon, have not only invented, 

 but have alfo employed it with the moft aflonilhing fucccfs. 

 In the laft war, the favourite mnxim of their generals, inftead 

 of lolingtime by cannonading and firing on the enemy with 

 mufquttry, has been to bring the ilfue of the affair as early 

 as poluble to the point of the bayonet. The battles of 

 Jemappe, Haguena\i, and Ettingen, in particular, not to 

 mention many others, were alnioll exclufivtly gained by it ; 

 and the Spaniards, throughout the dreadtul coiitcfts between 

 their own and the French forces, at the concUifion of the 

 campaign of 1794, were uniformly defeated by the ufe of 

 the bayonet alone. 



BAYONNE, in Geography, a pleafant fea-port town, on 

 the we'.lern coail of France, in a corner of the bay of Bif- 

 cay. It is fituated in the dillritl of Uilaritz, and depart- 

 ment of the lower Pyrenees, at the conflux of the rivers 

 Adour and Nive, about a league from the fta, with a good 

 harbour, and having a narrow and dangerous entrance. The 

 Adour divides the fuburb from the citadel, and through the 

 town itfelf flows the river Nive. A wooden drawbridge, 

 which admits veficis to pafs, connects the fuburb with the 

 town. The ilyle of the buildings at Bayonne is principally 

 v5p:ini(h, with balconies at every windo>v, and arcades be- 

 fore the houfcs. From the " place de la Libertc", which 

 is furro\mded by very neat houies, and appears very gay, a 

 •gate lead^ to a pleafant promenade on the Adour. The 

 trade of this town is very confiderable, on account of its vi- 

 cinity to Spain, and of the great quantity of wines which 

 are brought hithtr from the adjicent country,, and which 

 the Dutch have been accullomed to take in cj:c sange for 

 fpices and other commodities. Mafts are alfo brought from 

 the Pyrenees by meiins of the Nive, the Gave of Oieron, 

 and the Adour, to Bayonne, whence they are fiiipped to 

 Brell, and other ports. The com.mon people generally fpeak 

 the old bXcayan or bafque langi:age. At Bayonne, and in 

 the neighbouring country, the young women arc very beau- 

 tiful, combiiiijig with a tall fleuiler ihape great fymmetry of 

 features, a fajr complexion, and black lively eyes. Before 

 the revolution, Bayonne was the fee of abi'hop, f;ffragan of 

 Auch. In 1784, It was declared a free port. N. lat. 43' 

 29' 2 l". W. long. 1° 30' G". 



BAYS, in Canimerce, a kind of coarfe, tjpen, woollen 

 ftidf, having a long knap ; foraetimcs frized on one fide, and 

 Vol. IV. 



fomctimes not frized, according to the ufes for which it is 



intended. 



This ftulT is without wale, being wrought on a loom with 

 two treddles like flannel. — It is chiefly manufaftured about 

 Colcheilcr, and Becking in Efiex ; and in Flanders, about 

 Lifle and Tournay, &c. 



This manufadlure was firft brought into England, toge- 

 ther with that of fays, ferges, &c. by the Flemings, who 

 fled hither from the perfecution of the duke of Alva, about 

 the fifth year of the reign of queen Elizabeth, and had after- 

 wards peculiar privileges granted them by the 12 Car. II. 

 in 1660. The exportation of bays was formerly much 

 more confiderable than it is now, as the French raanufaftu- 

 rers have learned to imitate them, and have fet up manufac- 

 tures of their own at Nifmes, Montpelier, Sec. However 

 a confiderable quantity of bays is fl.ill exported to Spain, 

 Portugal, and Italy. Their chief ufe is for the religious, 

 ar.d for linings in the army ; the looking-glafs makers alfo 

 uie them behind their glaflcs, to prcferve the tin or quick- 

 fiiver ; and the cafe makers to hne their cafes. 



The br;-aJlh of bays is commonly a yard and half, yard 

 and three quarters, or two yards; by forty-two, or forty- 

 eight in length : thofe of a yard and three quarters are moft 

 proper for the Spanifh trade. 



Bays, in Geography, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Mayenne, and chief place of a canton, in the diflridl 

 of Mayenne, 3§ leagues E.S.E. of Mayenne. 



BAZA, or Bazat, in Camimrce, fine fpun cotton, which 

 comes from Jenifalcm, whence it is alfo called Jerufalemcotton. 

 BAZA, in Geography, a townof Germany, in the duchy 

 of Carniola, 7 miles S.S.W. of Feldes. 



Baza, or Baga, a town of Spain, in the province of Gra- 

 nada, between Guadix and Huefcar, fuppofcd to be the an- 

 cient Bafti. N.lat.37°3i'. W. long. 2" 31'. 



BAZADOIS, a dillrift of the province of Guyenne, be- 

 fore the revolution, fituated between Agenois, Condomois, 

 and Guyenne. The foil is fandy and unproduclive. The 

 capital is Bazas. 



BAZAR, or Basar, iu Commerce, a denomination among 

 the Turks and Perfians, given to a kind of exchanges or 

 places where their fineft fluffs and other wares are fold. 

 They are a'fo called bezejlins. 



Tiie word bazar fecms of Arabic, or rather of Perfian and 

 TurkilTi origin, where it denotes yi/f, or exchange of goods. 

 Some of the eaflern bazars arc open, like the market- 

 places in Europe, and ferve for the fame ufes, more particu- 

 larly for the fale of the more bulky and lefs valuable commo- 

 dities. Others are covered with lofty ceilings, or even dows 

 pierced to give light ; and it is in thefe the jewellers, go!d- 

 fm.iths, and other dealers in the richer wares, have their fliops. 

 The bazar or inaidan of Ifpahan is one of th,^ finefl places 

 in a!l Perfia, and even furpafTes all the exciiangcs in Europe ; 

 yet, notwithflanding its magnificence, it is excelled by the 

 bazar of Taurls, whch is the largeft that is known, having fe- 

 vera! times held thirty thoufar.d ;nen ranged ui order of battle. 

 At Conflantinople there are the old and the nev.- bazar, 

 which arc large, fquare buildings, covered with domes, and 

 f.illained by arthts and pilaiters ; the former chicly for 

 arms, harnesTjs, and the iilie ; the latter for goldfmiths, 

 jewellers, furriers, and all forts of manufaflures. For an 

 account of the bazars of Aleppo, fee Aleppo. 



Bazar, or Brizaur, a town of Hiidooflan, 20 miles N.E. 

 of Attock, fcated near the Indi'S, Nilab or Sinde river. > . 

 lar. ^3*45'. E. long. 71° 18'. 



BAZARUTO, or BecicA //7..Wj-, lie off the South-eaft 

 coail of Africa, in the Indian ocean, oppofite to Asuca bay. 

 S. lat. 21° 55'. E. long. 34° 30'. 



BAZAS,, a city of France, and principal place of a dif- 



G tnci. 



