B E A 



Bi'rke the politician, both of whom pofTelTed eftates n;rir 

 lUacor.sfieM, and the memories of both are commemorated 

 by iiifcriptioiis at the parifli church. iSec Waller, and 



Tl'RKE. 



About three miles eaft of Bcaconsfield is BuIJlroJe, a feat 

 oT the duke of Portland. Thi"! ducal rclidciice was for- 

 merly in the pofilfRon of the BuHlrode family, but rcvi'rtiiig 

 to the crown, was <;iven by king William III. to William 

 ]5cntinck, v. ho h.iJ long been the conftant attcrdant and 

 f.iithful fervant of ihat monarch, and who wascreatui by him 

 carl of Portland in 1689. From hii:i it defccr.dtd to tlie 

 prifent nobleman, who has made confiderable additions and 

 i nprovemcnts to the lioufe and grounds. The former is a 

 large iiTCgular brick building, fcattd on a high knoll, in the 

 centre of a fine park which abounds witii vcneishle tices, 

 and is diverlified with that variety of furfiicc, which conlli- 

 tu'.ts tlie foundation of the pifturtfque. This park contains 

 about 800 acres, and in the eallern part of it is a large cir- 

 cular entrenchment enclofing an area of twenty acres. See 

 Beauties of England and Wales, vol. i. i8ri. 



BEAD, Bagl'f.tte, Yr. in Archile^un, a little round 

 moulding, the diminutive, or rather the vul;>;ar name of af- 

 tragal. This moulding is generally found in the cornices 

 of antique buildings, where it is uniformly carved with orna- 

 ments, fomelimes in the fliape of a ilring of beads, fome- 

 tmes a twilled ribbon or a rope. See P/o/tr XXI. of y/;-- 

 ch'itcdure. Plain beads are vei7 much ufed in modern join- 

 ers' and plaillerers' work, as the mouldings of doors, liiut- 

 ters, lltirtings, iinpofls, and cornices. 



Bead, in /IJfaying, the fmall lump or mafs of pure metal 

 feparated from \\\& J'curie, and feen diftinct and pure in the 

 middle of the coppel while in the lire. 



Thus, in fcparating filvcr fiom its ore by mcars of lead, 

 the filver remains in form of a bead, when the lead, that had 

 before affillcd in the operation, is reduced to fcoritc. In 

 this procefs, the bead of filvcr mull be taken out of the 

 coppel as foon as it is feen pure and fine, left growing cold, it 

 (hould be conglutiuated to the coppel or litharge. This 

 bead, when rightly made, is always porous underneath. 

 Cramer. 



Beads are more particularly ufed among us for a fort 

 of glafs necklace, made in imitation of the colour and 

 figure of pearl. 



Beads are alfo ufed in fpeaking of thole glafs globules 

 vended to the favages on the coall of Africa, thus denomi- 

 nated, becaufe they are (Irung together for the convenience 

 of traffic. 



The common black glafs of which beads are made for 

 necklaces, &c. is coloured with mangancfe only ; one part 

 of maiiganefe is fiifficient to give a black colour to near 

 twenty of glafs. Lewis's Comm. Phil. p. 422. See Ar- 

 tificial Pearls. 



Beads, in a religious fenfe. See Chaplet. 



'Br.AD-Ro!/, among the Romifli pricfts, a lift or catalogue 

 of fuch perfons, for the rtll of whole fouls they are obliged 

 to rehearfe a certain number of prayers, &c. which are told 

 by means of their beads. 



Jiu AD- Afaiers, called by the French pntcrnnjincrs, are 

 thofe employed in the making, ftringi:ig, and felling of 

 beads. At Paris there are three companies of paternof- 

 triers, or bead-mahers ; one who make them of glafs or cryf- 

 tal ; another in wood and horn ; and a third in amber, coral, 

 jet, &c. 



Bead Prn->f, or Doullt Proof, terms ufed by our diftillers, 

 to exprefs that fort of proof of the ftandard ftrength of 

 fpirituous liquors, which confifts in their having, when (haken 

 in a phial, or poured from on high into a glafs, a crown of 

 bubbles, which Hand on the furface foine lime after. This 



B E A 



is efteemed a proof that tlie fpirit confifts of equal parts of 

 reditied fpirits and piilegm. 



Tiiii is a fallacious rule as to the degree of ftrength in 

 the liquor; becaufe any thing that will increafe the tena- 

 city ol the fpirit, will give it this proof thougli it be under 

 the due ftrength. Our malt diltilleis f]>oil the greater part 

 of lluir goods, bv leaving loo much of the Uinkiiig oil of 

 the nidt 111 their fiiirit, in order to give it this piocf, when 

 fotr.cwhat under the ftandard ftrength. But this is a great 

 deceit on the purchaftrs of malt fpirits, as thry have them 

 by this means not only weaker than they ought to be, but 

 ftinking with an oil,- which they are not eafily cleared of 

 aftirwr.rels. 



On the other hand, the dealers in brandy, who ufually 

 have the art of fopliifticating it to a great nicety, are in 

 the ri;i,iit when they buy it by the ftroiigeft bead proof, as 

 the grand mark of the bell ; for being a proof of the brandy 

 rontaiiiinp a large quantity of its oil, it is, at the fame time, 

 a token of its high flavour, and of its being capable of bear- 

 ing a very Luge addition of the common fpirits of our own 

 produce, without betrayiiig their flavour or lofing its own. 



We value the French brandy for the quantity of this 

 cfTeiitial oil of the grape which it contains, and that with 

 good reafon^ as it is with us principally ufed for drinking 

 as an agreeably flavoured cordial : but the French them- 

 felves, when they want it for any curious purpofer, are as 

 careful in the reclification of it, and take as much pains to 

 cle.ir it irom this oil, as we do to free our malt fpirit from 

 that uaufeous and foetid oil, which it originally contains. 



No judgment can be formed of brandies by the bead 

 proof as to their mixed or adulterated, or their pure Hate, 

 farther than that they arc likely to be moll pure when they 

 have the greatcll proportion of this oil, in regard to mix- 

 tures of other fpirits. There are m,iny occafions where 

 we want fpirit, merely as fpirit, and where any oil, whether 

 fweet or ftiiiking, inuft be equally improper. Shaw's EIL 

 on Diftillery. 



Bead Tree, in Botany. See Melia. 



BEADLE or Bedell, Beddlus, fignifies a meffenger 

 or apparitor of a court, who cites men to appear and an- 

 fwer in the court to what is alledgcd againll them. 



Beadle is alfo ufed for an officer in univerfities, whofe 

 place it is to walk before the mafters at ail public procef- 

 iions, &c. with a mace. The office of church and parilh 

 beadles is well known. 



Spelman, VclTius, and Somner, derive bcaiUe from the 

 Saxon lidel, a public crier ; in which fenfe biftiops, in fome 

 ancient Saxon manufcripts, are called beadles of God, Dei 

 bcdc/li. The tranfiator of the Saxon New Tellament ren- 

 ders cxaHor by bidele ; and the word is ufed in the fame 

 fenfe in the laws of Scotland. 



Beadle nf the For.-Jl, is an officer, that warns all the 

 courts of the forefts, and executes procefs, makes all pro- 

 clamations, &c. 4 Tnft. 313. 



BEAGLE, in Zoology- See CANisFAMiLiARis,and Doo. 



Beagl.rs are of diveis kinds ; as the fouthern beagle, fomc- 

 thing lefs and ftr.^rtcr, but thicker than tl>.e deep-mouthed 

 hound ; the fleet northern, or cat beagle, fmall, and of a finer 

 fhape than the fouthern, and a harder runner. From 

 the two, by crofting the ftrains, is bred a third fort held 

 preferable to either. 



To thefe may be added a ftill fmaller fort of beagles 

 fcarce bigger than lap-dogs, which make pretty diverfion 

 in hunting the coney, or even fmall hare in dry weather : 

 but otherwife unferviceable, by reafon of their fize. Bea- 

 gles, both rough and fmooth, have their admirers among 

 fportfmen : their tongues are mufical, and they go fafter 

 than th'; foutl'ern ho.inds j they run fo clofe to the ground. 



