B E A 



B E A 



as to enjoy t!ie fcent better t!ian ta^lsr dogs, ffpfcially 

 wlien t'l.e atmofphere is low. In an iriclofed country thty 

 are faid to do bed, as they are good at trailing or default, 

 and for hedge-rows ; hut they require a clever hunlfnnan, 

 for out of ei'(hty couple in the held, during a winter's 

 fport, fcarccly four couple are to be depended upon. Of the 

 two forts, the wircliaiied, as having good fhouldtrs and 

 being well tilletted, are preferred. Smooth -haired btaj)les 

 are comnrinly deep hung, thick-lipped, with large uolliils, 

 but often fo loft and bad quartered, as to be ihoulder-iliook 

 and crippled the iirft fealon thiy hunt ; among them are 

 frequently ieen crooked legs, like the B.ithturnfpit ; and af;er 

 two hours running m;uiy of them are diiabled. Their form 

 and fliape fnfli^iently denote them not defigned fur hard 

 exercile. Danitl's Rural Sports, voi.i. p. 378. 



BEAK, Rof/rtim, in Ornifho/oj^y, the bill of a bird ; 

 from the form and llruflure of which, Linn;pii3 divides this 

 whole family or general clafs of animals into lix orders. See 

 Bird, and Ornithology. 



Beak, in Archilifclure, a little fillet left on the edge of 

 a larmier, v/hich forms a caiinl, and makes a kind of pen- 

 dant chin, anfwering to what V:truvius calk the mentiim. 



Beak, or B^iik-Head of a Ship, is that part without the 

 (hip before the for;caftle, which is faftened to the ftem. 

 End is fupported by the main knee : this is ufually carved 

 and painted, and, bclides its ufe, makes the becoming part, 

 or grace of a fliip. 



The beak was anciently made of wood, but fortified with 

 brais, and faflened to the prow, fervlng to annoy the 

 enemies' vefTels. Its invention is attributed to Pif^us, an 

 Italian. The firft beaks were made long and h'gh ; but 

 afterwards a Corinthian, named Arillo, contrived to make 

 them thort and ftrong, and placed fo low as to pierce the 

 enemies' vefiels under water. By the help of thefe, great 

 havoc was made by the Syracufans in the Atiienian fleet. 

 Pott. Archosol. lib.iii. c. 17. 



BuAK was alfo ufed for one of the ancient battaha, or 

 forms of ranging an army for battle, pirtieularly ufed by 

 the Macedonians. 



Beak is alfo applied to the flcndcr crooked prominences 

 of divers bodies, bearing forae analogy or refemblance to the 

 beaks of bird-?. 



In this fenfe we meet with beaks of fhoes, roflra calceorum, 

 for long peaked toes, in ufe of old. Dn Cange. 



Among Farriers beak denotes a little horfe-lhoe, turned 

 \;p, and faflened in upon the forepart of the hoof. 



It is ufed to keep the (lioes faft, and not liable to be 

 flruck off by the horfe, when by reafon of any itch, or 

 being much difturbed by the flies in hot weather, he Itamps 

 his feet violently on the ground. 



BEAKED, Becqiic, in Heraldry, is ufed when the beak 

 or bill of a fowl is of a different tincture from the body. 



In this cafe, they fay beaked and membered of fuch a 

 tinfture. 



BEARING, in Coch-FiglSt'w.g., expreffts the fighting of 

 thefe birds with their bills, or holding with the bill, and 

 ftriking with the heels. 



BEAL, in Geography, a river of Ireland, which runs 

 into the Shannon near Afl<eaton, in the county of Lime- 

 rick. 



BEALE, Mary, in Biography, a female portrait pain- 

 ter in the reign of king Charles II., was the daughter of 

 Mr. Cradock, minifler of Walton upon Thames, and was 

 born in Suffolk in 1632. Although fhe was not inllruCted in 

 the rudiments of painting by fir Peter I-ely, as fome have 

 fuppofed, (he diligently copied the works of that great 

 mailer, as well as thofe of Vandyke. She painted ia oil, 



vater-colours, and crayons ; and by copying fome piftiirea- 

 of Italian maders, improved her taiie a:id pencil, and 

 acquired mi;ch of their air and Hyle, which appear in her 

 portraits. Slie was little inferior to any of her contempo- 

 raries with rtfpefl to colouring, (Irength, force, or life ;. 

 and (he worked with a great body of colours. Her per- 

 formances were held in high eflimatinn by fir Peter Lcly. 

 Amiable in her condudf, and afliduous in her profelTion, (he 

 was very much encouraged and employed, both by the 

 clergy and by feveral perfons of rank, whofe portraits (he 

 painted. It appears, that in one year (he received for 

 pictures 429I., and that (V-e and her hufband devcttd about 

 two (liillings in the pound of their income to charitable 

 purpofes. In the MSS. of Mr. Oldys, Mrs. Beale is cele- 

 brated for her poetry as well as her painting. She died 

 Dec. 28, 1697 ; and left two fons, Charles and Bartholo- 

 mew, both of whom txercifed the att of painting ; but the 

 1 itter relinquifhed painting, and iludied phyfic under Dr. 

 Sydenham, and practif^d at Coventry, where he and his 

 fatlier died. AValpolc's Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iii. 

 Biog. Brit. Pilkington. 



BEALNABRUCH, in Geogmfhy, the name of a river in 

 the county of Galway, prcvinceofConnaught, Ireland, which 

 rifes in Joyces country near the Killeries, north of the moun- 

 tain of Beannebcola or the twelve pins, and flows through 

 a mountainous country into Lough Corrib, near the bafe of 

 the (hipendous Ben Levagh. The valley through which it 

 runs is pretty well peopled. A great error is committed in 

 Roque's and all the old maps, in reprefenting this river as- 

 fluu'uig into Roundfione bay, and affording a lecond outlet- 

 to Loi'.gh Corrib, inftead of carrying into it a large fnpply 

 of water. Dr. Beaufort's Map and Memoirs. 



BEALSBURG, a fmall town of America in Nelfon 

 county, Kentucky, on the eaft bank of Rolling fork, con- 

 taining twenty houfes, and alfo a tobacco warehoufe ; 15 

 miles W. S.W. from Bairdllown, and 890 from Philadelphia. 

 N. lat 37° 42'. W. long. 85'-' 50'. 



BEALT. See Bu'ilth. 



BEAM, in ArchiteSure, is any piece of timber of a reftan- 

 gular feftion of equal depth and ihicknefs throughout its 

 length, applied in an horizontal pofition in vari. us fituatious 

 in a building, for the purpofe of refilling fome drain either 

 in a longitudinal or tranfverfe direfiion, fuch as to prevent 

 the ral'ters of roofs from pufhing out adjacent walls upon 

 which they reft, or to fuflain a fuperincumbent part of a wall 

 indead of an arch. This word, however, is not much ufed 

 technically, and only in combination with other words, wdiicli 

 denote its pofition or ufe. "When ?. beam is placed at the 

 biittom cf a pair of rafters it is called "a Tie-b.am;" but if 

 placed in a hiirher fituation it is called " a Collar-beam." 

 When a beam is placed over piers of mafonry or wooden 

 polls to fupport a fuperincumbent wall, it is called a " bread- 

 fummer," or " fummer-beam." When a beam is placed 

 acrofs a floor to fupport the ends of joills and ihorten their 

 bearings, it is called a " girder," or girding-beam." Sec 

 Cap.pentrv. 



Some of the bed authors have confidered the force or 

 flirength cf beams, and brought their nfidance to a precife 

 calculation ; particularly M. V'arignon and M. Parent. See 

 Strength of Timber. 



Beam of a Plough, in Agriculture, a name given by our 

 farmers to the great timber of the plough, in which all tl«; 

 other parts of the plough-tail are fixed. 



This is ufually made of a(h, and is ftraight, and eight feet 

 long in the common plough : but in the four-coultered 

 pi;>ugh, it is ten feet long, and its upper part arched. I'he 

 head of this beam Lies on the p How of the plough, and is- 



raifed. 



