B E A 



B E A 



it faftens itfelf to Hones, or any otlier heavy fubftancc ; tlie Bearfrs are more particularly ufed for thofe who ccrry 



hairs of the beard terminating in a fpungy fubftaiice, that the dead to their graves. 



adheres very tenacioufly to the fmoothtlt fiirfaces. The In a fenfe fomewhat different from this, we alfo fay *< II. 



thread of this kind of byfTus is fometimcs woven as an ohjcft bearers, &c. 



of curiofity into gloves, ilockings, &c. and in point of dura- The ancients had peculiar orders or officers of bearers, 



bility at leall, cannot be inferior to any other material that called by the Greeks Koiriolai ; by the Romann, hH'icarii. 



could be employed for tint p;irpofe. Some notice is taken 

 of this among ancient writers, who fpeak 6f it as a kind of 

 filk. See Silk. 



BEARDED, barhahis, denotes a perfon or thing with a 

 beard, or fume refcmblance thereof. 



In Middli Age Writers, this is fometimes exprelfed by 

 maliharb'ts, q. d. larba in niaVis feii gems. 



The faces on ancitnt Greek and Rimian medals are gene- 

 rally bearded. Some are denominated pogonal'i, as having 

 long beards, e. gr. the Parthian kin;;s. Others have only a 

 lanugo about the chin, as the Seleucid family. Adrian was 

 the riift of the Roman emperors who noiiriflied his beard : 



The •vefpillones, or bjjuli, were a lower fort of bearers, ap- 

 pointed for perfons of inferior rank. 



BrAHFRs, in Horticulture, denote the ft uit branches, ov 

 fuch as bear fruit. 



The bearers, or bearing branches of an apple-tree, and 

 the like, dre found to be rougher, ai.d fuller of afptrities in 

 their ba: k, than the other branches. 



BE.\f.tRS, \n H:ra!:lry, fee SUPPORTERS. 



Beartr, Crojs, fee Cross. 



Bearehs, in Laiu, denote fuch as bear down and op- 

 prefs others, and are faid to be the fame with maintainers. 

 By ftat. 4 Edw. HI. c. 1 1, jullices of aflize (hall enquire of. 



hence all imperial medals before him are btardlefs ; after hear, and determine maintainer?, bearers, and confpirators.&c 

 ' ' ' BEAR-HAVEN, in Geography, a commodious harlsour 



formed by the ifland of Bear, near the mouth of Bantry bay 

 in the county of Cork, Ireland, into which fhips of war and 

 merchantmen often put for {belter ; but t!;e adjoining village 

 of Caftlctowii affords them few refources, and no accommo- 

 dation. Bc-iufort's iWemoir. 



BEARING, in Geography, and Navigation, the fitua- 

 tion of one place from another, with regard to the points of 

 thecompafa; or the arc of the hori/on, that lies between 

 t!ie meridian of a pl.ice and a line palli.ii; from that place to 



him, bearded. 



The medals of gods, and heroe";, in vigorous youth, re- 

 prefent them beardlefs, except Jupiter, and a few others. 



The Romans paid their worfliip to a bearded Venus, !■''?. 

 n.'ri barbat.T, fuppofed to have been of both fexes ; a ftatue 

 of whom was alfo found in the ifle of Cyprus. The reafon 

 of reprefenting the goddefs of beauty with a beard is vari- 

 oufly gueffcd at by the learned. 



Bfarded 'women have been all obferved to want the men- 

 ftrual difcharge ; a d feveral inllances are given by Hippo- 



crates, and other phyficlans, of grown women, efpecially !»™'thcr ; or the angle which a line drawn through the two 

 • • ■ ~ ■ ■ - ... places makes with the meridiai;s of each. 



In other words, the bearing of an obiciTi in navigation, 

 is the rhumb on which it is feen ; and the bearing of one 

 place from another is reckoned by the name o*" the rhumb 

 palling through thofe two places. In every figure relating 

 to any cafe of plain failing, the bearing of the line not pro. 



widows, in whom, the mcnfes being flopped, beards appear 

 ed. Eufebius Nieurembergius mentions a woman, who had 

 a beard reaching to her navel. Bartholin fpeaks of a bearded 

 woman at Copenhagen, who partly, in virtue thereof, palled 

 for an hermaphrodite. 



Beardfd brothers, fralres larlatl, in EeehJ^.iJlira! Writers, 



are thofe otherwifc called /ra/w convcifi in "the order of needing from the centre of the circle or horizon, is found by 

 ~ " " ■ .... drawing a line parallel to it from the centre and towards the 



fame quarter. 



To find the bearing of a-iy two places, e. g. cape Clear, 

 and the ifland of Saint Michael's, one of the Azores, by the 

 plain chart ; lay a ruler by tiie two places, take the neareft dif- 

 tance between the centre of the compafs, and the edge of the 

 ruler; and in this pofition. Hide one point of the compaffes 

 along the ruler, and the other point will run along the point of 

 the compafs, flievving the bearing, which in this cafe is S. W. 

 that is, St. Michael's lies to the S. W. of cape Clear, or cape 

 Clear to the N. E. of St. Michael's. See Sailing. 



To .♦iiid the bearing of any two given places on the globe ; 



lay the graduated edge of the quadrant of altitude 



over both places, the beginning, or o", being on one 



of a cornice, the piers and blockings under the joints of a of them, and obferve, while the quadrant lies in this pofition, 



„.u. L L 1 1 vhaf rhumb of the neareft tiy, or compafs, runs moftly pa- 



rallel to the edge of the quadrant, and that rhumb fhewi 

 the bearing fought, nearly. 



The bearings of places on the ground arc ufually deter. 

 mined from the magnetic needle : in the managing of thefc 



Grammont and the Cidercians. They took this denomina 

 tion becaufe they were allowed to wear their beards con- 

 trary to the rule of the profelfed monks. 



Bearded hujh, among Fhrijls, a huf.c which is hairy on 

 the edges, as is that of the rofe, S:c. 



BEARDING, in Carpentry, denotes diminifliing any piece 

 of timber from a given line on its furface, to make the thick- 

 nefs lefs on the edge. 



Bearding o/"/-F6o/, \nt\\Q Manufa&ares.- See Wool. 



BEARDSTOWN, in Geography. See Bairdstown. 



BEARER, in Architecture, any fubfidiar)' or interme- 

 diate fnpport in aid of the principal fupports, as the fmall 

 joills or brackets which bear a gutter or the covering board 



ground floor ; or the joifts, Sec. which bear any thing inde 

 pendent of or unconnected with the building, as the bearers 

 of a cillern, of a vat, of a platform. 



Bearers, ,5-f,^jnto, in Miihlle /ige Writers, are fometimes 

 ufed for a child's gofTips, becaufe they hold the infant in 



their arms, and prcfent him to the priells in the ceremony lies the principal pa°t of furveying ; fmce the^be'aring and 



of b.aptifm. Du-Cange. diftance of a fecond point from the iirft being found\ the 



Bearers of a biU of excLir.gc, denote the perfons in place of that fecond is determined; or the bearings of a third 



whofe hands it is, and in favour of whom the laft order or point from two others, whole dillance from each other it 



indorfement was made. See Bill o/Exch ange. known, being found, the place of the third is determined : 



When a bill is faid to be payable to bearer, it is underfVood inftrumentally we mean ; for to calculate trigonoir.etricslly, 



to be payable to hiin who firft ofl^rs himfelf after it be- there muit be more data. Mr. Collins gives the folution of 



comes due. To be paid a bill of this kind, there needs a problem in the Philofophioal Tranfaftions, where the dif- 



neither order nor transfer ; yet it is good to know to whom tances of three objects on the fame plane being given, and 



It IS paid. the bearings from a fourth place iu the fame plane ob- 



