B r A 



B E A 



fervfd, the Hiflances from the place of obfcrvation to the 

 refpcftive objcfts are required. See SuRvtYiNC. 



Bfaring, in the Sra /,nn^ua:;e Wlieii a (liip fails to- 

 wards the (hore, (he is faij to />etir In '■.uilh the latid. — Whert 

 a (hip that was to windward, comes under another fliip's fteni, 

 and lo gives her the wind, flic is faid to bear undrr her lee. — 

 If a Ihip fails into a harbour with the wind large, or before 

 the wind, file is faid to Lear in ifilh the harbour, &c. 



In conding tliey fay, bear up the helm, that is, let the 

 fhip go more large before the wind —hear up round, that is, 

 let the ihip go between her two fheets, dircdly before the 

 wind — bear a hand, i. e. make hafte. 



They aifo fay a.fliip bears ■viXmw, having two flender a 

 quarter, (he will fink too deep into the water with an over 

 light freight, aud therefore can carry but a fmall quantity of 

 goods. 



'Bf.A.f. fail ■well, to, is faid of a fhip when (lie is a (liff- 

 guided fhip, and will not couch down on a lide, with a great 

 deal of fail. 



When a (hip is faid to bear out her ordnance, it is meant, 

 that her ordnance lita to high, and (he will go fo upright, 

 that in reafonable fjgluing weather, (he will he able to keep 

 oat her lower tier, and not be forced to (hut in her ports. 



A fliip is faid to overbear another, when it is able, in a 

 great gale of wind, to carry out more fails, viz. a top-fail 

 more, or the like. 



Bearing o/f \i alfo ufed by Seamen generally in bufinefs 

 belonging to (hipping, for thrujl off. 



Thus, in hoiiling any thing into the fhip, if it hath hold 

 by any part of the lliip or ordnance, or the like, they fay, 

 bear it off from the fhip' s ftdc. — So if they would have the 

 breech or mouth of a piece of ordnance, or the like, put 

 from one, they fay, bear off or bear about the breech. 



Bearing up, or bearing atvay, is improperly ufed to de- 

 note the aft of changing the courfe of a lliip, in order to 

 make her fail before the wind, after (he had failed fome time 

 with a fide wind or clofe-hauled. 



Bearing alfo exprcffes the fituation of any diltant ob- 

 jeft, ellimated from fome part of the (hip, according to her 

 pofilion. In this fenfe, the objeft muft be cither a-head, a- 

 Itern, on the beam, before the beam, abaft the beam, on the lee 

 or weather bow, and on the lee or weather quarters. 



Bearing of a piece of timber, in Carpentry, denotes the 

 fpace either between the two fixed extremes thereof, when it 

 has no other fiipport ; which is called bearing at length : or 

 between one extreme, and a poft, brick wall, or the like, 

 trimmed up between the ends to (horten its bearing. 



Joiils are not to bear above ten feet length ; nor fingle 

 rafters more than nine feet. 19 Car. II. c. 3. 



Bearing of an arch or vault, denotes the effort which 

 the (loncs make to burd open the piers, or piedroits. 



This amounts to the fame with what the French call 

 fouffee. 



Bearings, in Heraldry, a term ufed to exprefs a coat of 

 arms, or the figures of armories, by which the nobility and 

 gentry are dillinguiffted from the vulgar, and from one ano- 

 ther. See Arms. 



Bearing of an organ pipe, denotes an error or variation 



from the jull lound it ou£;ht to yield. See Temperature. 



Bearing ^<i;;ij, in Mid'wifery. The pains in labour or 



child birth are faid to be bearing pains, when they force the 



child downward. 



Bearing do'wn of the ivomb, -jagiua or anus. When 

 the uterus defcends from the upper part of the pelvis, and 

 prefies upon or paffes through the os externum, it is called 

 a bearing down (procidentia) of the womb. In this cafe 

 the uterus is included in a duphcature of the vagina, to the 



upper part of which it is attached. Women who are trau- 

 bled with the whiles (iluor albub) or who have borne chil- 

 dren, particularly if the pcrinanim was injured, or torn, at 

 the time of the birth of any of them, are moil fubjcA to 

 this complaint. It manifeils itfelf at full by a fenfe oT 

 dragging or bearing down of the part ; fome time after, 

 tliere is a difficulty in making water, the uterus lying on, 

 and covering the meatus urinarius. In thij tlage ot the 

 complaint, on pafTing a finger into the vagina, it meets the 

 OS uteri, immediately on getting through the os externum. 

 If not now remedied, the uterus continues defcending, until it 

 frees the os externum, and hangs down between the thighs ; 

 and if ftill negleftcd, the jjart protruded goes 011 increafing, 

 from the fize of a nut to that of a large pear, and in fome 

 cafes the uterus, covered with the vagina, has been found 

 hanging down beyond the middle of ihe.thighs, and of the fize 

 of the body of a Florence flaflc. When a fold of the vagina 

 only defcends, and paffes through the os externum, it is called 

 a bearing down (procidentia) of the vagina. A fimilar in- 

 difpofition affefts the reftum, a fold of the gut being forced 

 through the fphinifler ani, whenever the fsces are voided. 

 This complaint is particularly incident to weakly children, 

 though adults are not unfrequently affefted with it. As in 

 all thefe cafes there is a relaxed tone of the fibres, the cure 

 is to be effected by the exhibition of fuch things as ftiength- 

 en and incrcafe the tone and elafticity of them, by the peru- 

 vian bark and chalybeats, the ufe ot the cold batli, exercife, 

 air, aftringent applications to the parts, as decoftions of oak 

 bark, pomgranale fliells, bailauftine flowers, red rofe leaves, 

 &c. to which a portion of red port wine is to be added, and 

 the medicine fo prepared is to be injefted into the vagina 

 or reftum, and compreffes foaked in it, applied to the part* 

 externally, taking care in tlie mean while that the body be 

 kept moderately open. When the womb is the part bearing 

 down, in addition to thefe remedies, after returning the womb 

 to its proper fituation, a pefl'ary is to be introduced into the 

 vagina and woni there to prevent its defcending again. See 

 Pessary ; fee alfo Procidentia Uteri, Fagina, et /Ini. 



Bearing c/iiTOj-, Timong cock-Jighti-rs, denote the foremod 

 toes, on which the bird goes ; and if they be hurt or gra- 

 velled, he cannot fight. 



Bearing of a flag, is ufed in rcfpeft of the ftate of his 

 head, or the croches which he beais on his horns. 



If you be allied what a (lag bears, you arc only to reckon 

 the croches, and never to exprefs an odd number : as, if l>e 

 have four croches on his near-horn, and five on his far, you 

 muft fay he bears ten ; a falfe right on his near horn : if 

 but four on the near horn, and fix on the far horn, you 

 may fay he bears twelve j a double falfe right on the near 

 horn. 



BEARN Stone, fee Phosphorus. 

 Bearn, in Geography, was a province of France, before 

 the revolution, at the foot of the Pyrenees, about 16 leagues 

 long and 1 2 broad ; bounded on the ea(l by Bigorre, on 

 the north by Armagnac, Turfan, and Chalolfe, on the weft 

 by Dax, a part of Soule, and lower Navarre, and on the 

 fouth by the Pyrenees. The plain country is very fertile, 

 producing flax and Indian corn, and the mountains are co- 

 vered with fir-trees, and within them are mines of copper, 

 lead, and iron, and the lefTcr hills are planted with vines, 

 which yield good wine. The Spaniards are fupplied frona 

 hence withliorfes andcattle,andalfo with linen, of which there 

 is in this province a confiderable manufadlory. The princi- 

 pal rivers which bear the name of Gaves, are the Gave-Beai- 

 nais, and the Gave d' Oleron. Bearn forms now the de- 

 partment of the Lower Pyrenees ; and its capital is Pau. 

 BEAST, in Zoology, an appellatiom given to all fouj;. 



footed 



