B EE 



-p. 44S.) admits, that the djvil, wlio is fuppofa! tu be the 

 chiet or prir.ce of the falltu angels, ia ofti^n called Satan 

 «nd B-elzebub. Mr. Fanner is of opitiion (Elfay on the 

 Demoniacs of the N. T. p. 16.) that it doth not follow from 

 the above-cited paflage, that the devil is ever called Beel- 

 zebub. The term " Satan," lie Aiys, is not appropriated to 

 one particular perfon or fplrit, but lignifies " an advcrlary" or 

 or)ponent, in general. The Jews called every demon by 

 •this name, and ufcd it in the plural number ; and the words 

 of our Saviour, " How can Satan call out Satan," taken in 

 their (Incleil fenfe, imply that there were fevcral Satans : 

 fo that our Lord might only mean, " that it was uurea- 

 fiinable to fuppofe that o-.ie demon would cad out another." 

 Or if you underlland him to the following purpofe : " were 

 Beelzebub, whom you regard as the chief of the p':!Ming 

 demons, to expel himfelf, which would in effeft be the cafe 

 were he to exp 1 his agents and inllrumcnts, he would a£t 

 againll his own intereft, and defeat his own fchemes ;" it 

 will not follow, that Beelzebub was eonhdered as the fame 

 perfon with the devil. There feems to be no reference to 

 tiie latter. He and Beelzebub might be regarded as two 

 dillinft perfons ; and yet each be called " Satan," an adver- 

 fary, or opponent. " If Beel/cbub and his demons were, 

 in our Saviour's time, conceived to be the very fame perfons 

 as the devil and his angels, is it not very furprifiiig," fays 

 this author, " that the New Tcilament, in its original lan- 

 guage, fliould always fpeak of the difeafed perfons under 

 confideration as pofl'cffed by a " demon" or " demons," 

 and never by " the devil" or " devils I" a word, as all muft 

 allow, that is never there applied to evil fpirits in the plural 

 number, whatever its ufe may be in the fuigular. He 

 adds, " inafmuch as Chrill is here replying to the Pharifees, 

 and reafoning with them on their own principles, he cannot 

 be fuppofed to fpeak of a different order of beings from 

 what they did. Satan, therefore, muft be equivalent to 

 demon, in the fenfe in which demon was ufed by them." 

 See Demon. " Should it then appear," fays Mr.Jarmer, 

 " that by demons and their prince they underftood human 

 fpirits, it will from hence follow, that Chrift cannot be 

 fpeaking of fpirits of a celeftial origin." If by the devil, we 

 are to underlland a fallen angel, this writer thinks that he 

 could not be the fame with Beelzebub. The Jews, in their 

 ancient writings, were not accuftomed to call the devil by 

 this name, but by that of Afmodxus, or Saraael ; as Bo- 

 chart, (Open vol. iii. p. 501.) Selden, (ubi fupra, p. 231-) 

 and others allow. Beelzebub, in the eftimation of the Pha- 

 rifees, was the prince of the " poffefling demons," and there- 

 fore, as Mr. Farmer fuppofes, he was, in their eftimation, a 

 human fpirit ; and in proof of this he alleges the teftimony 

 of Jofephus(DeBell.Jud. 1. vii. c. 6. ^3). Bcfides, Beel- 

 zebub was, as we have already ftated, a heathen deity ; ex- 

 prefsly denominated in the Old Teftament, the god of Ek- 

 ron ; and reprefented by the Pharifees under the fame title 

 and charafter as the heathens themfelves afcribed to their 

 gods. " If Beelzebub," fubjoins Mr. Farmer, " was a hea- 

 then demon, or deity, he was no other than a deified human 

 fpirit ; for fuch were all the heathen demons, who were the 

 more immediate objeels of the ptiblic cftablilhed wordiip ; 

 and thofe in particular to whom divination and oracles were 

 afcribed. And if the prince of demons was of human ex- 

 traft, no doubt his fubjefts were fo hkewlfe. 



BEELZEBUL, in Entomology, a fpecies of Scarab;eus 

 that inhabits America. On the thorax is a triple promi- 

 nence ; and three horns on the head, the middle one larger 

 than the others. Fabricius. 



Beelzebul, in Zoology, a fpecies of Simia that inha- 

 bits South America ; and is tailed, bearded, and black ; 

 tail prehenCle ; tip, with the feet, brown. Linnseus. This 



BEE 



appears to be the guarlla of Marcgrave ; hvwl'wg laLcon of 

 Bancroft ; preach.r monkey of Pen:;ant ; and I'ouarhic of 

 Buffon. It is faid to be about the iize of a fox, of a black 

 colour, and the hair of its fhr long, gloffy, and remarkably 

 fmooth. This is a fierce animal, and inhabits the woods of 

 Brafil, and Guiana, in vail numbers ; wanders in large fl^-eks 

 in the night time, and howls hideoufly. Dr. Shaw obferves 

 that this howling faculty is owing to the conformation of 

 the OS hyoide-s, or throat bone, which is dilated into a bot- 

 tlc-ftiapcd cavity. Marcgrave, in fpeaking of the guariba, 

 acquai;it3 us, thnt one fometimcs mounts the top of a branch, 

 and aiTemblcs a multitude below ; he then fets up a howl 

 fo loud and horrible, that a perfon at a diftance v/ould ima- 

 gine that a hundred joined in the cry ; after a certain fpace, 

 he gives a fignal with his hand, when the whole aflembly 

 join in chorus, but on another fignal, a fudden filence pre- 

 vails, and then the orator finifties his harangue. Virey calls 

 this animal Beelzebut, retaining however at the fame time 

 the name I'onnrine under which it is defcribcd by Buffon. 



BEEMAH, in Ctography, a river of Hindollan, which 

 is a principal branch of the Kiftnah, joining it near Edghir, 

 rifes in the mountains, on the north of Poonah, probably not 

 far from the fources of the Godavery, and paftcs within 30 

 miles of the eaft fide of Poonah, where it is named Bewrah, 

 as well as Beemah. It forms the eaftcrn boundary of Vifia- 

 pour, and pafles about So or 82 geographical miles to the 

 weft of Golcouda, crofiing the road from it to Ralicotte. 

 The Beemah, according to Mr. Orme, poffefTes virtues fimi- 

 lar to thofe cf the rivers efteemed facred by the Hindoos ; 

 that is, ablutions performed in its ftream have a religious 

 efficacy fuperior to thofe performed in ordinary ftreams. 

 Rennell's Memoir, p. 244, &c. 



BEEMEN,or Sheemen, in AJlronomy, feven ftars of the 

 fourth magnitude, following each other, in the fourth flexure 

 of the conftellation Eridanus. 



BEEMSTER, in Geogr<^hv, a large drained lake or 

 niarfti of North Holland. It was formerly a lake, covering 

 a great extent of country, which, by the induftry of the 

 Hollanders, vi'ho, by means of various canals, have drained the 

 waters, is converted into an excellent pafture ground. It 

 has neither towns nor villages, but a great number of houfes, 

 which arc difperfed along the fides of the canals and roads. 



BEEN, in Mujic, the name of an Indian fretted inftiu- 

 ment of the guittar kind. The finger-board is 2 1 |ths in . 

 ches long. A little beyond each end of the finger-board 

 are two gourds, and beyond thefe are the pegs and tail-piece 

 which hold the wires. The whole length of the inftrumcnt 

 is three feet feven inches. The firft gourd is fixed at ten 

 inches from the top, and the fccond at about two feet i i-J. 

 The gourds arc very large, about fourteen inches diameter, 

 and have a round piece cut out of the bottom, about five 

 inches diameter. The finger-board is about two inches 

 wide. The wires are feven in number, and confift of two 

 fteel ones, very clofe together, in the right fide ; four brafs 

 ones on the finger-board ; and one brafs one on the left fide. 

 They are tuned in the following manner. 



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