B E I 



gations to particular aftions or abflireuces : but tliefe con- 

 fidfied as moral are oiily modal ; fuch are law, dut)', vir- 

 tue, vice, fin, righteonfni.f?, judgment, condemnation, re- 

 ward, puniflimcnt. Thefe dilUnftions however ni'ght, per- 

 haps, be more properly referved to the fcparatt clafTcs of 

 different ideas than different beings. Beioc; is tlic fubjf-A 

 of Ontology. See Ontology. See alfo Essence aiid 

 Existence. 



BEINHEIM, in Ceo^^raph'j, a town of Geruiany, in the 

 circle of Swabia, fcated on the weft fide of the Rhine, aud 

 belonging to the marquifate of Baden ; 6 leagues N.N.E. 

 of Strafburg. 



BEINIGKEMEN, a town of Lithuania, iz miles north 

 of Pilkailen. 



BEIRA, a large and fertile province of Portugal, bound- 

 ed on the north by the province of Entre Ducro a Minlio, 

 from which it is feparated by the river D'jcro or Douro, 

 and by Tralos Monies; on the wcil by the ocean and part 

 of Efiremadura ; on the fouth by another part of tliat 

 province and by the Tagns ; and on the eaft by the Spanifh 

 Eltremadura, and the kingdom of I^eon. It is divided into 

 Upper and Lower Bcira ; the former being the northern 

 part, and lying on the fea-coa(l ; the latter lying towards 

 Spain and Eilremadura. Its extent from ealt to weft is 

 generally computed at betwixt 33 and 36 Portugutfe miles ; 

 and from north to fouth about as many. It was erefled 

 into a principality by John V. in honour of his grandlon, 

 the tldell fon of the prince of Brafil. It products wheat, 

 r)-e, and millet ; and, in fevcral parts, excellent wine and oil 

 in fuch abundance, that confiderable quantities of eac!i are 

 exported. Btira ccmprehends eight jurifdidtions, and its 

 principal cities and towns are Coimbra, Lamego, Guarda, 

 Vifeu, Miranda do Corvo, Tentugal, Aveiro, Ovar, Pinhel, 

 Almeida, Francofo, Mcda, Caftello Branco, Penamacor, and 

 Covilhaa ; the four firll are epitcopal cities. The militia 

 of this province confifl of eight regiments, each regiment 

 including about 1000 men. 



BEIRAGUR, a town of Hindoftan, on the weft of 

 Boad, and near the Mahanuddy river, noted in the Ayin 

 Acbaree, as having a diamond mine in its neighbourhood. 



BEIRAM. See Bairam. 



BEIRUT. See Bairout and Berytus. 



BEISCH, Joachim Francis, in Biography, a painter 

 of landfcapes and battles, was born at Raveirfturg, in Swa- 

 bia, in 1665 ; and having received the firft rudiiii;:nts of the 

 art of painting from his fat'ner, who employed himfelf in this 

 way for his amufement, he became a good artifl by the force 

 cf his own genius and by affiduous praflice. He was en- 

 caged at the court of Munich, and painted the battles 

 fought in Hungary by the cleftor Maximilian Emanuel. 

 During the abft;nce of the emperor on fome of his expedi- 

 tions, Beifch vifited Italy, and there, with a view to his 

 further improvement, ftuditd and copied the famous models 

 to which he had acccfs. Before his journey to Italy, his 

 manner was true, bu; too dark ; his fecond had more clear- 

 nefs and more trath ; and his laft was more clear, but more 

 weak. The fcenes of his landfcapes are agreeably pifturefque ; 

 his touch is light, tender, and full of fpirit ; and his ilyle of 

 compofition frequently refenibled that of Gafpar Pouflin, or 

 Salvator Rofa. He died in 1748. Pilkington. 



BEISHEHIA, or Bishehri, in Geography, a town of 

 Afiatic Turkey, in Cai-amania, feated near a lake. N. lat. 

 37° 45'- E. long. 32° 1 1'. 



BEISSKER, in Ichthyology. See Beyssker, orBEYZ- 

 KER, and CoBiTis Fossilis. Linn. 



BEISSONS,in Geography, a place of Africa, in the king- 

 dom of Tunis, fituate between Taberfoke and Dugga, at which 

 there ^re four.d fome antique remains and iufcriptionc. 



6 



B E I 



BETSTEN, a town of Pruffia, in the province of Natait- 

 gen, 2C1 miles Ibuth of Konigfberg. 



BEIT Abufarra, a town of Arabia, 24 miles N.N.E. 

 of Wadeij. 



Beit el AJham, a town of Arabia, 24 miles S. W. of 

 Sanaa. 



Beit Elam, a town of Syriai fouth of Antakia. N. lat. 

 36-' 5'. E.long. 36° 32'. 



Beit el Fakih, a cit) of Arab'a, in the country of Yemen, 

 fituatcd on a plain, which though far from being naturally 

 fertile, is induftrioufly cultivated. The houfes, many of 

 which aie of ftonc, are feparated from one another ; and 

 the cicy has a citadel, which is thought of the utmoll im- 

 portance in a country where armies are deftitute of artilleiy. 

 The town is much moleHed by a fpecies of ants, called by 

 tlie Aiabs, " Ard." Beit el Fakih is not very ancient : 

 thougli it has exiftcd for fome centuries. It owes its origin 

 to a faint, called " Achmed iba Miifa" from whom it has 

 derived its name ; Beit el Fakih denoting the " houfe or 

 dwelling of the fage." Near the city is (liewn the ton^b of 

 the faint, upon a fandy hill, where a fine mofqne has been 

 erctfed, and where fevcral devout perfons have built cottages 

 round the tomb. When the harbour of Ghalefka was 

 choaked up, the inhabitants of that city, for the convenience 

 of tracie, removed their cfTedls to the vicinity of this tomb, 

 and fettled about it. When it became a confiderable city, 

 the lord of the territory erected a citadel for its defence, in 

 the place where water had been found. This city is very 

 favounibly fituated for trade ; being only half a day's jourii. 

 ney from the hills in which coffee grows, and but a few 

 days' journey from the harbours of Loheia, Hodeida, and 

 Mocha, from which this commodity is exported. This 

 trade brings hither merchants from Egypt, Syria, Barhary, 

 Perfia, Habbefch, India, and often from Europe. Beit el 

 Fakih is the refidence of a Dola, whofe jurifdiction exttnds 

 over a large diftrift. Nicbuhr mentions a lingular inllance, 

 which occurred at this place, and which flrikingly indicates 

 the coolncfs of temper and tirmnefs of mind, that diltinguifli 

 the Arab charafter. The fouthern end of a houfe caught 

 fire ; and as the wind blew llrong from the fouth, a gri.at 

 part of the city was foon burnt do^vn. The inhabitant,^, 

 however, retained their ufual tranquillity. No cries nor 

 complaints were heard in the ilreets ; and when the people 

 were addreffed with expreffions of coi:dolence, upon their 

 misfortune, they calmly replied, " It is the will of God." 

 N. lat. 14° 31'. E. long. 43° 12'. Niebuhr's Trav. vol. i. 

 p. 311. 



Beit el Kadi, a town of Arabia, in the country of Yemen, 

 34 miles north of Chamir. 



Beit el Knum, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 2.). miles 

 fouth-eaft of Sanaa. 



Beit Elm Safan, a town of Arabia in Yemen, 28 miles- 

 S.S.E. of Saade. 



Beit Ebn Altri, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 38 miles 

 N. of Chamir. 



Bkit £lii Nafr, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 34 miles- 

 N. of Chamir. 



Beit Rodsjc, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 24 miles S.E. 

 of Sanaa. 



Beit // Tola, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 28 miles S. 

 of Saade. 



Beit Ehn Shemfhar, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 28 

 miles E. of Abu-Anfch. 



Beit El Weil, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, 3 miles N. 

 of Denn. 



BEITH, a town of Scotland, in the diftrift of Cunning- 

 ham, and county of Ayr. It is feated on a fmali eminence, 

 and the ilreets pretty re^larly laid, out, A linen manu- 



faftory 



< 



