BEL 



watered and fliaded till they have taken root. Tlicy mud 

 be conftaiitly kept in the (love, and have a large (hare of (rec 

 air in warm weather ; but if they are fet abroad, the) will 

 not thrive in this climate. Martyn's Miller's Dift. 



BELLORI, John PtTca, in Biography, a celebrated 

 antiqi!ar)', was a native of Rome, and deiived from his 

 uncle Francis Angeloni, under whofe care he was placed, 

 his tafte for antiquities. He was appointed by Chriftina, 

 queen of Sweden, the keeper of her library and cabinet of 

 ciiriofities ; and by pope Clement X. antiquary of Rome. 

 He died in i6y6, above 80 years of age. His valuable cabi- 

 net was afterwards annexed to that of the king of Pruflia 

 at Berlin. Of his various works, relating to his favourite 

 purfnits, the principal are the following : viz. •' Nctse in 

 Numifmata, turn EphefiK turn aliarum urbium, apibus infic;- 

 niu," 1658, 4to. ; "Fragmenta Vcftigii veteris Romas^' 

 1673, fol. ; " La Colonna Trajana," fol. ; " Le Pitture 

 Antiche del Sepolcro de' Nafonii," 1680, fol. ; " Le Anti- 

 che lucerni fepolcrali iigurate," 1691, fol.; " Gli antichi 

 fepolcti, overo Maufolei Romani & Etrufchi," 1699, fol. ; 

 " Veteres Arcus Auguftorum," 1690, fol. ; " Vite de Pit- 

 tori, Scultori, et Architelli Moderni," 1692, 4to. ; " Ima- 

 gines vetenim Philofophorum," 1685, fo!. Several ireatifes 

 of this author are inferted in the 7th volume of Gronovius's 

 Greek Antiquities. He alfo reprinted, in 1CS5, with large 

 additions, Angeloni's " Hiftoria Augufta," iliuftrated by 

 Medals. Moreri. Gen. Biog. 



BELLOSTE, Augustin, a fur^eon of eminence in his 

 time, inventor of a m.ercurial compofition, called after his 

 time, •' Bcllofte's pill," by which he is fuppofed to have ac- 

 quired a coniiderable fortune. After pradtifmg feveral years 

 at Paris, where he was born in 1654, and as an army fur- 

 geon, he was invited to Sardinia, and made principal furgecn 

 to the queen's mother, and continued to refide at Turin 

 to the time of his death, which happened July 15th, 173c. 

 The work by which he is principally known, is his " Chi- 

 rurgien de I'Hofpital," publiihed 1695. It has paficd 

 through numei-ous editions, and been tranflated into all the 

 European languages. In 1725, he publifhed a continua- 

 tion of it, under the title of " La fuite du Chirurgien de 

 I'Hofpital." Amor.g other ufeful obfers-ations, he recom- 

 mends piercing carious bones, with the view of accelerating 

 exfohation, a praftice advifed by Celfu?, though long difcon- 

 tinued. He reproves the cuftom of frequently removing tiie 

 dreflings of wounds, as tending to retard the cure. The work 

 has much merit, though now little noticed, being fuperfeded 

 by later pubhcations. Haller Bib. Med. Pract. et Chir. 



BELLOTTI, Pietro, a painter of hiilory and portrait, 

 was born at Venice, in 1625, and learned the art of colour- 

 ing from Michael Forabofco, whofe difciple he was. As 

 a portrait painter, he attained the firft rank, but was lefs 

 eminent in the compofition of his hiftorical fubjecls. In 

 the imitation of nature he was peculiarly happy ; the colour- 

 ing of his portraits appears to be real flefh, and the variety in 

 the airs of his heads is inconceivable ; in all his attitudes there 

 is much grace, and the difpofition of his figures is natural 

 and becoming. He died in 1700. Pilkington. 



BELLOVACI, in Ancient Geography, a people of Gaul, 

 comprifed in the nation of the Belgas, and feated fouth of 

 the Ambiani. Their countr)- was particularly diftinguifhed 

 by the name of Belgium, and correfponded to the modem 

 Beauvais ; their chief city was called by the Latins Cxfaro- 

 magus ; and Csfar fpeaks with commendation of their va- 

 lour and their raimber. 



BELLOWING, among Sport/men, is ufed for the noife 

 which roes make in rutting-time. 



BELLOWS, a machine ufed to give a brilk agitation 



BEL 



to the air, hy enlargioir and contrafling its capacity, ar.d 

 thus expiring and infpiring the air by turn'. 



This machine is ufed in chambers and kitchens, in forges, 

 furnaces, and foundericf, for blowing up the fire ; and it is 

 annexed to oi-gans and other pneumatic in!humenls, in or- 

 der to fupply them with a due degree of air. They are 

 conftruSed of various f)rms, and furniftivd with different 

 kinds of apparatus for giving them motion, and for dif- 

 charging their air, according to the purpofes which they 

 are intended to ferve. However, they arc in general com- 

 pofed of two flat boards, fometimes of an oval and fome- 

 timcs of a triangular figure ; between thefe boards are 

 placed two or more hoops, bent fo as to fuit their figute ; 

 on the edges of the boards is nailed a piece of leather, 

 broad in tlie middle and narrow at the ends, which unite 

 them together, and it is alfo affixed to the hoops of the 

 boards, that the leather may the more eafily open and fold 

 again ; to the undermoil board is fattened a pipe of iron, 

 brafs, or copper ; and within is a valve, which covers the 

 holes in the under board fo as to keep in the air. Strabo 

 infonris us (Gcog. 1. viii. vol. i. p. 464.), from an old hifto- 

 rian, that Anacharfis, the Scythian philofopher, who lived 

 in the time of Solon, about 6co years before Chrill, invented 

 the bellows, as well as the anchor and potter's wheel ; but 

 this account is very doubtful, as Pliny, Seneca, Diogenes 

 Laertius, and Suidas, who likewife fpeak of the inventions 

 afcribed to that philofopher, mention only the two laft, and 

 not the bellows. It appears, however, that they were known 

 in ancient times to the Greeks ; and Virgil mentions them 

 in the following pafTage (Georg. iv. 170) : 



" Alii taurinis foUibus auras 



Accipiunt, redduntque." 



Upon which it may be remarked, that bull's leather is unfit 

 for bellows, and ox and cow's leather only can be ufed for 

 that purpofe ; but accuracy, in the defcription of a mecha- 

 nical engine, is not to be expefted in a poet. In more mo- 

 dern times, wooden bellows have been introduced in metal- 

 lurgic operations, inftcad of thofe of leather. The latter 

 require careful management ; the repairs of them are cx- 

 penfive ; and they fcld&m laft more than fix or feven years. 

 \Vhen thin leather is erriployed, it fuffers a great deal of air 

 to efcape through it ; ar.d this evil muft be guarded againik 

 by continually befmearing it with train oil, or other fat iub- 

 ftances ; and this is even neceffai-y when thick leather is 

 ufed, to prevent it from cracking in the folds. Whenever 

 they are repaired, it is ncceffary again to foften the leather 

 with oil,.and this occafions a cor-.iiderablc lofs of time. To 

 obviate thefe, and fimilar inconveniences, and w ith a view to 

 fomc peculiar advantages, wooden bellows have been inven- 

 ted in modem times, of which -wc ihall give fome account in 

 the fequel of this article. In the oldetl fmclting-houfcs, 

 the bellows were moved by a handle, like thofe of the fmith's 

 forge, or by the prefTure of the foot upon a treadle, or by 

 other means, requiring the ftrength of men. But fince the 

 force of water has been employed to move them, the quan- 

 tity of ore run down has not only been far greater, but the 

 feparation of the metal more complete ; infomuch, that 

 great part of the iron now prepared at fome confiderable 

 works, particularly in the county of Gloucefter, has been 

 no other than what had been left in the flags of cinders, for ■ 

 want of fufficient force of air. 



The aftion and effeft of bellows of every kind, whether 

 leathern or wooden, wrought by water or men, depend on 

 this, that the air which enters them, and which they con- 

 tain when raifed, is again comprefied into a narrower fpace 

 when they are clofed. And as- the air, hke ail other fluids, 

 flows to that place where it meets the leaft refiftance, it muil 



uf 



