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prarfii", and die words of ourrcdetmer, fubftantially changed 

 into the triir, proper, and vivifying body auti blood of Jefiis 

 Chrift ;" and this was followed by a folemn declaration, 

 " that the bread and wine, after confecrat'on, were converted 

 into the real body and blood of Chrill, not only in quality 

 of external fi^ns and facramental reprefentations, but in their 

 efPential properties, and in fubilantial reality." Gregory 

 difmiflcd him with the mod honourable tellimonies of his 

 friendlliip and liberality, and he returned to liis own coun- 

 try. B'.it Bi;renifcr, not conceiving himftlf bound by this 

 (Icclanition, publicly retrafttd the fentiments which he 

 had folemly avowed at Rome, and even compofed an clabo- 

 rate refutation of the docTxrine to which he had been com- 

 pelled to profcfs his affer.t. Gregory, who feems not to 

 have approved the lad confefTion impofed upon Berenger, 

 when appealed to, declined interfering, and took r<o meafurcs 

 tor moitlling him. From this time, i3erenger obforvcd a pro- 

 found iilcnee amidil the clamours of his incenfed adverfanes, 

 and made no reply to their bitter and repeated inveAlves. 

 At length, decaying with age, overpowered by the oppofi- 

 tion with which he had inceffantly ftruggled, and probably 

 deprelTed with the reprraches of his own mind for the pnfil- 

 lanimons and diflionell part he had acled, he abandoned all 

 his worldly concerns, and retired to the Hie of St. Cofme, in 

 the neighbourhood of Tours, where, in a courfe of peniten- 

 tial and pinus exercifes, he pafTed the fhort remainder of his 

 life ; and in loS8, he was releafed by death. On the minds 

 of the people, he left behind him a deep impreffion of his 

 extraordinary fanflity ; and an annual fervice is llill performed 

 for him in the church of St. Martin at Tours. His unftcady 

 conduct was unqueftionably very difgraceful to him ; and 

 there is reafon to believe that it embittered the reflections of 

 his retirement and clofing fcene. It is therefore a queflion 

 of little importance, whether he abandoned his original opi- 

 nion before his death, as the Roman catholic writers main- 

 tain, or whether he adhered to it in the laft period of his 

 life, as the protcftants, with greater probability, have af- 

 ferted. All his works, which were numerous, have been 

 loll ; except two letters, his three proftffions of faith, and 

 part of his treatife againft one of them. Cave's Hift. Lit. 

 torn, ii. p. 130. Mofheim'b Eccl. Hill. vol. ii. p. 559, Sec. 

 BERENICE, or Bernicf, a Jewifh queen, the dav.gh- 

 ter of Agrlppa the elder, and filler of Agrippa the younger, 

 kings of Judia. She was born about the year of Chrill 

 28, and at the age of 16 married her uncle Herod, king of 

 Chalcis. After her hufband's death, A. D. 48, (he was 

 fufpefted of having criminal intercourfe with her brother 

 Agrippa ; and in order to remove fufpicions, and to filence 

 rumours of this kind, (he confented to many Polemon, king 

 of Pontus and part of Cilicia, on condition of his embrac- 

 ing Judaifm. She lived with him, however, but a little 

 while, and returned to her brother, with whom fhe lived on 

 terms of intimacy, which fubjefted her to reproach. Juve- 

 nal refers to this inceftuous connexion (iat. vi. v. 155) : 



" Deinde Adamas notiffimns, et Berenices 



In digito fatlus pretiofior ; hunc dedit olim 

 Barbarus : incetla: dedit hunc Agrippa forori." 

 When Agrippa heard the difcourfe of St. Paul before 

 Feftus at Caefarea of Paleftine, Berenice was prtfent with 

 him. After the commencement of the Jewifh war in 67, 

 when Agrippa was driven from Jerufalem by the feditious 

 people, (lie remained for fome time after him, and interceded 

 for the Jews with the Roman governor Florus, by whom fhe 

 was treated with great difrcfpeft. She afterwards accom- 

 panied Agrippa to the army of Vcfpafian in Syria ; and 

 contrived, by coftly prcfents, to engage the good will of that 

 avaricious emperor as long as be lived. Her beayty aod 3d- 



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drefs had alfo captivated Tittis ; and on the death of Vefpa- 

 fian fhe follov/ed him to Rome. The emperor was nuich 

 attached to her, and difpofcd to make her his, quien ; but in 

 deference to the fentiments of the Roman peo])le, who dif- 

 likcd the idea of a foreign queen, and who well knew that 

 her cliaradlcr was not irreproachable, he dilmilfcd her, and 

 fent her awav to her own country. What became of her 

 afttrv.-ards hiftory does not inform us. Jof. Antiq. 1. xix. 

 XX. De Bell. Jud. l.ii. Tacit. Hill. l.ii. Cievicr. Gen. DA. 

 Berenice, was likewife the name of fcvcral Egyptian 

 and eattern queens. One of them, the wife of Ptolc:riy 

 Euergctes, king of Egypt, under an apprehenfion of the 

 danger to which he would be expoftd in his expedition to 

 Syria, made a vow to confecrate her hair, which was her 

 chief ornament, in cafe of his fafe return. When the prince 

 returned, not only in fafety, but crowned with glory and 

 fiiccefs, (he immediately cut off her hair, and dedicated it 

 to the gods in the temple which Ptolemy Philadelphus had 

 built in honour of his beloved Arfinoe, under the name of the 

 Zephyrian Venus, on the promontory of Zephyrium in Cy- 

 prus ; but this hair being loll by the negligence ot the priefls, 

 Ptolemy was enraged, and threatened to punifh them. Upoa 

 which Conon of Samos, a flattering courtier, as well as 

 fl'iilful mathematician, with a view to appcafe the king's 

 anger, and to conciliate his favour, affirmed, that the queen's 

 locks had been conveyed to heaven, and pointed out ftven 

 flars near the tail of the lion, which till that time had not 

 belonged to any conftcllation, declaring that they were the 

 oueen'a hair. Several other aflronomeis confirmed the afle- 

 veration of Conon ; and hence " Coma Berenices," or Be- 

 renice's hair, became one of the conllcllations. 



Callimachus, who lived at that time, and had been a great 

 favourite of Philadelphus, wrote a hymn on the hair of Be- 

 renice, which was afterwards tranflated by Catullus, whofe 

 verfion is extant among his other performances. Berenice, 

 according to Plutarch (In Qiissll. Gi:sc.)and Stephanus By- 

 zantinus (verb. B=;Oia), was formed from "t^jTOx/i, a bearer of 

 victory, by the Macedonians, who exchanged Ph into B. 



Berenice, in EtUomology, the nam.e under which Cramer 

 {igUKs papi/io erippus of Fabricius and Gniclin. 



Berenice, in jlitcient Geography, the name of feveral 

 cities, of which Orttlius reckons nine. The principal are 

 as follow: viz. a town of Thrace: — another of AGa Minor 

 in Cdicia : — another of Afia, called PcUa in Ccelo-Syria; 

 all three mentioned by Stephanus Byzantinus: — another 

 of Africa in Cyrenaica, near the mouth of the river La- 

 thon, or Lethon, where it difcharges itfelf into the bay of 

 Syrtis, anciently called Hefperis, and Hefperides, now Be- 

 renice: near this town was fituated the garden of Hefperides, 

 ai:d a wood flill marks its pofition, in a country dellitute of 

 trees: — another, a maritime town of Arabia Pctrsea, fituated 

 at the extremity of the Arabian gulf, or Red fea, the pro- 

 montory of Heroopolis, and that of Strobilus, according to 

 Pompoiiius Mela; it is mentioned by Jofephus, in his account 

 of Solomon's fleet, who fays, it was not far from the city 

 of iElana, and that it was formerly called AlTingaber, or 

 Eziongaber, in which pofition of it M. d'Anville acquiefces : 

 — another,a famous town of Egypt, fonamed from the mother 

 of Ptolemy Philadelphus, who founded it on the weflem fide 

 of the Red fea, and nearly under the tropic, about 450 miles 

 below Suez, in order to avoid the flow and dangerous naviga. 

 tion of the upper part of the Red fea ; this city foon became 

 the ftaple of the trade with India. From Berenice the goods 

 were tranfported by land, to Coptos, a city three miles dif- 

 tant from the Nile, but which had a communication with 

 that river by a navigable canal, of which there are flill foma 

 reinaine, and thence carried down the ftream of the Nile, 



and. 



