B E R 



Y^ZKCi^iNeci, is the fouthcin extremity of the aboJe town- 



fiiip. 



Dergin, a town of GermanVi in tlie circle of the Upper 

 Rhine, and principality of Hanaii Mun/.L-nbcrjj. The en- 

 virons produce excellent wine. — Alfo, a tjiwii of Germany, 

 in the circle of Upper Saxonyi and capital of the ifle of 

 Rngen ; its ancient name was Gora. It is fituatcd in the 

 cent re c^( the idand, where are held the tribunals of Swedidi 

 PnnKranla. N. lat. 54.° 28'. E. long. 13° 40'. 



Bergen on the Dumnif, a town of Germany, in Lower Sax- 

 onv, and principality of Zell, 12 miles S. W. of Daimeberg. 

 BERGENHUYS. See Bergls, /uj>ra. 

 BERGEN-OP-ZOOM, a fea-port town of Dutch Bra- 

 ba'it, featcd on an eminence, in the middle of a morafs, near 

 the eallern fhorc of Zoom, at its jnndion with the Scheldt. 

 Jt was lirll Inrromidcd by a wail in 1287,' by the firil lord of 

 the town, and eredled into a marquifate by the emperor 

 Charles V. in 1533. The church, wliich is a beautiful ilruc- 

 ture, was made collegiate in 1442. The houfes arc well 

 built, and the market place? and fqnarcs handfome and fpa- 

 cious. It has a good trail of land under its jurifdittion, 

 with feveral villages, and lome iflands in the Scheldt. This 

 place, naturally llrong on account of the moraflt-s that fecure 

 it, was regulaily fortified in 1629, and eileemed nearly im- 

 pieiTuable. The fortifications are reckoned the mailer-piece 

 of that great engineer Coehorn. It was uniuccefstully be- 

 fugcd by the prince of Parma in 1588, and alfo by the mar- 

 quis of Spinola in 1622. In 1746, the marechal Saxe de- 

 puted count Lowendahl to lay fiege to it with 36,000 men ; 

 and after perfevering attacks, and a vigorous, obftinate de- 

 fence, in which many lives were lott, it was furrtndered to 

 the French, who became mailers of the whole navigation of 

 the Scheldt. At the peace of Aix-la-ChapcUe, it was ref- 

 torcd to the Dutch. It is diftant 18 miles N.N.W. from 

 Antwerp. N. lat. 51" 30' E. long. 4° 15'. 



BERGENTE, in Ornithology, one of the names oi anas 

 m,irili7. (Scaup. Duck.) Blocb, bffch derberl naturf. ^c- 



BERGERA, fo called from Chiiil. Job. Berger, profcf- 

 forat Kicl,in ^'y/(7nv- Auth. D. Konig. Lin. gen. Schreb. 

 n. 7 1 8. Clafs and Order, decandria monogyiiia. Gen. Ciiar. Cal. 

 perianth, five-parted, very fniall, acute, fpreading, peimanent. 

 Cor. petals five, oblong, bluntifh, fpreading. Slam, filaments 

 ten, five alternately fiiorter ; anthers round. Piji. germ 

 roundifli, fupcrior ; (lyle filiform, club-(haped ; ftigma tur- 

 binate, fliining, with tranfverfc grooves. Pir. berry fubglo- 

 bular, one-ceiled. Seeds two. 



EIT. Char. Old. five-parted. Pet. five ; Icrry fubglobular, 

 one-cellid, with tivo feeds. 



Species, i. M. Koenigii. Lin. MantilT. 563. A leafy tree, 

 with the bark of alder. A native of the Eall Indies. 

 Marty n. 



BERGERAC, in Geography, a town of France, and prin- 

 cipal place of a diilrift, in the department of the Dordogne ; 

 beautifully fituatc in an extenfive plain on the Dordogne, 

 which divides it into two towns, called " St. Martin," and 

 " St. Magdelaine." It is a rich, commercial, and populous 

 town, containing about 8540 inhabitants. In the canton are 

 14,140. The territorial extent comprehends 175 kiliome- 

 lies, and the number of the communes is 12. Before the 

 revocation of the edift of Nantes, it is faid there were 40,000 

 Protellants in this town and neighbourhood. N.lat. 44" 51'. 

 E. long. 0° 37'. 



BERGFINK, in Ornithology, the name of fringiUa monli- 

 Jringilla, in the Hitt. Birds. Frifch,fandcr nfitiirf.'^c. 



BERGGANS, (Kolbe) the mountain goole, anas mon- 

 lana. Ginelin. 



BERGGIEFZHUBEL, or Berg Gieshubf.l, in Geo- 

 graphy, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, 



6 



B E R 



and margraviate of Meiflen, near which are warm medicinal 

 fpriugs, 6 miles foulh of Pirna. 



BERGH, or Berghland, an ifland in the Indian fea, 

 north of Naffau ifland, and Ibuth-wcil of the illand of Su- 

 matra. S. lat. 2^ 50'. E. long. ioo\ 



BERGHEIM, a town of Germany, in the circle of the 

 Upper Rhine, and county of Waldcck.and by thenew French 

 diil'ribution, the chief place of a canton, in the department of 

 Rotr, containing 469 inhabitants, and the popuLition ol the 

 canton is eitimated at 10,365 ; 4 miles S. E. of \V'aldtck. 



BERGHEM, in Biography. See Berchem. 



BERGHIRI, in Geography, a town of Afia, in the pro- 

 vince of Kurdillan, 70 miles S. E. of Betlis. 



BERGHMOT, or Bergmote, vulgarly barraote, form- 

 ed from the Saxon lerg, mons ; and mote, conventus, aJJ'emlly, 

 or tnceting. See Barghmote. 



BERGLAX, in Ichthyology, one of the fynonyraous 

 jizmes of corpyhirna riipe/lris. Strom. Sondm. 



BERGIA", fo called from P. J. Bergius, M.D. profef- 

 for of natural hillory at Stockholm, in Botany. Lin. gen. 

 Reich, p. 631. Schreb. 791. Jul!". 301. Clafs and Order, 

 decandria pentngvnia. Nat. Ord. Succuleiitit. Caryophylks, Jufl. 

 Gen. Char. Cal. perianth, five-parted, Ipreadnig ; leaflets 

 lanceolate, permanent. Cor. jietals five, oblong, Ipreading, 

 the length of the calyx. Stam. filaments ten, bridle-fliapcd, 

 of middling length ; antliers roundifli. PiJl. germ roundini, 

 fuperior ; ilyles five, very flioit, approximating; itigmas 

 fimple, permanent. Per. capfule finiple, fubglobular, mucro- 

 nate, with five little fvvellings, five-celled, five-valvtd ; valves 

 ovate, flat, opening along the furrows, permanent, Ipreading 

 very widely. Seeds numerous, minute. 



Efl". Char. Cal. five-parted ; Pet. five ; Capf. one, glo- 

 bular, with fwcllings, five-celled, five-valved ; valves refem- 

 bling petals ; Seeds very many. 



Species, I. Yi. capenfts. Lin. Syft. 431. Reich. 2. 386. 

 Suppl. 243. Mant. 241. Pola-tsjira, Rheed. Mai. 9. 153. 

 t. 78. " Leaves lanceolate, or elliptic, flowers in whorls." 

 This has the ilature of Ammonia. A native of Tranqucbar, 

 in the Eail Indies, and therefore mifnam.cd Capcnf.s. The 

 valves of the capfule, continuing after it is ripe, form a kind 

 of five-petalled whetl-fliaped flower. 2. Y>. glomerata. Lin. 

 Syll. 431. Supp!. 243. " Leaves obovate, crenulato, 

 flowers glomerate." Found at tlie cape of Good Hope 

 by Bergius. Marty n. 



BERGIER, Nicholas, in Biography, was born at 

 Rheims in 1557, and became profeflor of the univerfity in 

 his native city, where he was educated for the law, and be- 

 came fyndic. Under this charafter he vifited Paris, and 

 there formed an intimate friendfliip with Peirefc, and du Piiy, 

 by whom he was induced to execute a work which he had 

 projefled on the high roads of the empire. M. de Bellievre 

 took him to his houfe, and procured for him a penfion, with 

 the brevet of hifl.oriographer. He died in 1623. The 

 principal of his woiksare his " Hiftoire des grand chemins de 

 I'Empire Romain," firft printed in 1622, 4to. and reprinted, 

 with notes, at Bruflels, in 2 vols. 410. in 1729. This valu- 

 able work was tranflated into Latin by Henninius, and is 

 included in the I oth volume of Grxvius's Roman Antiquities. 

 Bergier alfo wrote in French " A flvetch of the Hiflory and 

 Antiquities of Rheims, with curious remarks concerning 

 the eilablifliment of the people, and the foundation of the 

 towns of France," 4to. 1635. 



BERGIMUS, in Ancient Mythology, a deity peculiar to 

 the inhabitants of Brefcia, in Italy, wliere he had a temple, 

 and an order of priefts. Grutcr, Muratori, and Spon, have re- 

 corded many infcriptions relating to this deity. It is thought, 

 that he was the god of the mountains, becaufe Lerg, in Cel- 

 tic, fignifies a mountain. 



BERG- 



