B E R 



'ladit! of the C(3'j:-t !iave mucli of t'le aii- of Fiencli women. 

 There are fome kinds of irregularities tliat prevail to a 

 great degree in this city. Public courtezans are more nu- 

 merous liere thaa in any tov/n of Europe, in proportion to 

 the number of its inhabitants. They appear openly at the 

 windows, beckon to paflengers as they walk in the Itreets, 

 and ply for employment in any way they pleafe, without 

 dillurbance from the magillrate. Citizens and manufac- 

 turers of the better kind live altogether among thofe of their 

 own rank ; and without affetting the manneis of the cour- 

 tiers, or looping tj the mean debauchery of the common- 

 alty, maintain the decency, plainnef?, and honclly of the 

 German charafler. Jcaloufy is held in equal contempt and 

 deteftation by the inhabitants of Berlin, and fcandai is very 

 Jittle known. The environs of this city are rem.irki'.bly plea- 

 far.t, being interfperfed with villages, vineyards, canals, plca- 

 fure-hourej:, and gardens. Among the pab.ces in the neigh- 

 bourhood belonging to the royal family, Sciionhaufcn and 

 Charlottenburg are the mo!t worthy of notice. The for- 

 mer is fituated about two miles from Berli.:, on the Panko, 

 which fupplies the pond in the fumptuous garden of this 

 palace with v.-ater. Charlottenburg alfo, one of tlie royal 

 or electoral palaces, feated on the river vSpree, was only a 

 fmall village, till the elcftrefs, confort to Frederick I. being 

 plcafed with its iituation, began to build in it, and after her 

 t^eath the works were earned on by the tleftor, who gave 

 it its name in commemoration of his wife Sophia Charlotte. 

 This palace is one of the moil conHderable tlruduresin Gcr- 

 niany, and is adorned with a mo!f beautiful garden. 



Berlin is divided into five wards, called Berlin proper. Coin 

 on theSpree, Frederick'sWerder, Dorotheenlladt, and Frcde- 

 rickftadt. The proper Berliivwas founded in the lathcentury, 

 by fome coloniils invited thither from the Netherlands, and 

 the vicinity of the Rhine, under the margrave Albert, the 

 15car. The fubuibs of this town are frequently called 

 Konigftadt, and by others divided into three viertels, or quar- 

 tersi Berlin proper is feparated by a principal arm of the 

 Spree from Coin, over which are four bridges, three of 

 timber, and one of fton^, called the Pontncuf. Coin 

 was probably built about the fame time as Berlin ; and it is 

 formed into a kind of ifland by two branches of the Spree, 

 which environ it. New Coin is now a confiderable part of 

 the old town of Coin, from v>-hich it is feparated by the 

 Spree. The fuburbs of Coin were inclofed in 1736, within 

 the outer wall. The Frederickfwerder was built by the 

 eleftor Frederick William, on a fwampy werder, or ifland. 

 This ward is feparated by a rampart and ditch from the 

 Dorotheenftadt, or Neuftadt, founded by the elector Frede- 

 rick William, and named after his confort, Dorothy. This 

 new town is the moll beautiful part of Berlin, and it is 

 chiefly inhabited by the French. In a ilreet of this town 

 is the walk above mentioned. Frederickfl.adt, founded by 

 the elector Frederick III. immediately on his acccffion to 

 the government, communicates with the new town and the 

 Werder, and is the pleafantell ward in the whole city ; the 

 ftreets being fpacious, llraight, and planted with lime- trees. 

 Behind this is eretted a new ward, which ranges to the end 

 of the new town, w-here many of the nobility have built pa- 

 laces. In the fuburbs, the houfes are generally of timber, 

 but fo wl\ plallered, that they feem to be of Hone, and 

 the ftreets are broad and ftraight. From this town there 

 is a free communication, by means of canals, between the 

 Spree and the Oder, and the Spree and the Elbe. Berlin 

 lies in N. lat. 52° 32' 30". E. long. 13^ 26' 15". The 

 annual average of temperature of Berlin for fifteen years, 

 from 1769,10 17S2, was, according to Mr. Beguelin's ob- 

 fervations, 49° ; nor could he find that the temperature de- 



VOL. IV. 



B E R 



creaf:s. The Baltic, within 120 miles N. of it, tempers the 

 north winds, fays Kirwan (See his Eilimate of the tem- 

 perature of dilTerent latitudes, p. 7 1 .) and to this is owing tlie 

 moderate temperature which it enjoys. Tiie influeuc° of 

 the vicinity of the Baltic mull be allowed, when it is con- 

 fidered, that the temperature of Berlin is higher than that 

 of Drefden, Altenburgh, or Gotha, whofe latitude is cne 

 degree lower, but more dillant from th- Baltic. Rcifocck's 

 Travels, vol. iii. Moore's Travels through France, &.C. 

 vol. ii. 



Berlin, a neat and flnurifliing town of America, in 

 York county, and ftate of Peni.fyTvanla, containing about 

 100 houfes. It is rcgulariy laid our, or, the S. W.'fide of 

 Conewago creek, 13 miles wcilerly of York town, anj 101 

 weft of Philadelphia. N. lat. 39^ 56'.— Alfo, a town.a:!]) in 

 Orange county, Vermont, on Dog river, a brar.ch of Onion 

 river trom the foutli, which laft feparatts Berlin from Mont- 

 pclier on the N.N.W. Berlin contains 1 34 inhabitants, and 



is about 94 miles north-eaiteily from Bennington Alfo. a 



townflipni Haitford comity, Conneaicut, 12 miles S.S.W. 

 from Hartford, 42 N.W. from New Lor.don, and 26 N.N.E. 

 from New Haven.— Alfo, a townfnip in Worccftcr countv, 

 Malfachufetts, containing 512 inhabitants, 34 miles Vf'. froin 

 Bofton, and 1 5 N. E. from Worcefter. Hops have been cul- 

 tivated here, and promife to be a valuable article of hulbandr)-. 

 — Alfo, a townfliip of Somtrfet county, formerly in that of 

 Bedford, Pennfylvania, which lies on a branch of Stonty creek, 

 a fouth water of Conemaugh river on the wtft fide of the 

 Alleghany mountain ; 25 miles W. from Bedford ; 23 N. W. 

 from Fort Cumbcriand, in Virginia, and 200 W. from Phi- 

 ladelphia. Stoiie creek, the cliief fource of Kiikeminjtas 

 river, rifes N.N.E. cf Berlin. N. lat. 39' 54'. 



Berlin, a fort of vehicle, of the chariot kind ; taking 

 its name from the city of Berlin, in Germany : though fome 

 attribute the invention of it to the Italians, and derive the 

 word from herUna, the name given by them to a fort of ftao-e, 

 whereon perfons are e.xpofed to public ftiame. In proof of 

 its having derived its origin, as well as its name, from Berlin, 

 it is alleged, that Philip de Chiefe, a native of Piedmont, 

 and dcfccnded from the Italian family of Chiefa, was a colo- 

 nel and quarter-mafter in the fervice of Frederick William, 

 elector ct Brandenburg, and that he was much efteemed 

 by the eleclor on account of his fliill in architedlure. Being 

 once fent to France on his mafter's bufinefs, he caufed to 

 be conllrucled, for the convenien-;.; of this journey, a car- 

 riage capable of containing two perfons ; which in France, 

 and every where elfe, was much approved, and called a ber- 

 line. This Philip de Chiefe died at Beriin in 1673. — Beck- 

 man's Hill, of Inventions, vol. i, p. 130. ' 



The beriin is a very convenient mach.ine to travel in, be- 

 ing lighter, and lefs apt to be overturned, than a chariot. 

 The body of it is hung high, on ftiafts, by leathern braces ; 

 there being a kind of ftiiTup, or footftool, for the coiive- 

 niency of getting into it : inftead of fide windows, fome 

 have fcreens to let down in bad weather, and draw up in 

 good weather. 



Berlin, in Natural Hiflory. See Berdin. 

 BERLINCHEN, in Geography, a town of Germany, ia 

 the circle of Upper Saxony, and New Mark of Branden- 

 burg, So miles E.N.E. from Beriin, and 36 N.N.E. from 

 Kuftrin. 



BERLINECZ, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Braclaw, 52 miles W. from Braclaw. 



BERLOCH, a town of Bohemia, in ihe circle of Czaz- 

 lau, 9 miles N. E. from Czazlau. 



BERME, in Forujuat'ion, a fmall fpace of ground, fo'.:r 

 or five feet wide, left without the rampart, between its foot 



G g and 



