B E R 



Italy ; and it was in the fame direflion that Bonaparte, the 

 conful of France, led his aimy of refene over the Alps, 

 previoufly to the battle of Marengo, in the year iSoc. 



Bernard, Litlle St., a part of the Alps (anciently Alpcs 

 Grals), feparating the duchy of Aolla from Savoy, and lying 

 to the fouth-weft of the former. Over this lies a road into 

 Savoy, and upon it is a monaftery or hofpitium for the con- 

 venience of travellers. 



Bernard the Hermit, ia Entomology, the name by whfch 

 Cancer bernhardus is very conjmonly known. This creature 

 isalfo called the hermit crab ; a name indifcriminattly applied 

 to all the paralitical fpecies of the ca;icer genus ; or, in other 

 •words, to all thofe which having no (htrlly covering to protect 

 the body, inhabit the rtiells of whtlks, or othw teltaceou3 

 animals. See Pagarus Fabr. 



BERNARDI, Steffano, \n B'wgrapJjy, was a learned 

 theorill in Mtific,^^ well ascompofer of inafl'es and madr:gal3 

 of a moll elaborate and correA kind. He floundicd from 

 1611 to about i634,andiii 1623 was maeftro di cappeila of 

 the Duomo, at Verona.. He publifhed a didadtic work, 

 called " Porta Rluiicale," the Hrft part of which appeared 

 at Verona, 1615, in quarto ; and, as an elementary trait, it 

 has the merit ot cleaniefs and brevity. 



BERNAPJDIA, in Brjjr,y. See Adelia. 



BERNARDIN, in Bwgraphy, a Romilh faint, dcnomi- 

 rated of Sienna, was born at Maffa, in Tutpany in 1380, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Warton, but in 1383, according to M. Du 

 Pin. After Undying at Sienna, he entered into the confra- 

 ternity of the holpitallcrs of la Scala, and dillinguidied him- 

 fclf by his attendance on thofe who were afflidted with the 

 plague. In 1404 or 1405, he became a member of the Fran- 

 cifcan order, and afterwards an eminent preacher. Befides 

 the natural and acquired talents which he pofTclfed, the poiver 

 of working miracles was alcribed to him both during his 

 life and after his death. He villted Jerufalem under the cha- 

 racter of commiffary of the Holy L?.nd, and after his return 

 vifittd ftveral cities of Italy, where ho preached with great 

 applaufe. Being accufcd to pope Martin V. for maintaining 

 fome erroneous opinions, he explained himfelf to the fatisfac- 

 tion of the pontiff, and was abfolved. Such were his humi- 

 lity and felf-denial that he refuted feveral biihoprics, and con- 

 tented himftif with the office of viear-general of the obferv- 

 ance of St. Francis in Italy, and as fuch, reformed, or newly 

 founded 300 monaileries. He died at Aquila ui Abruzzo in 

 1444, and was canonized in 1450 by pope Nicholas V. He 

 left feveral works, which were printedat Venice in 1591, 4 vols. 

 410.; and at Paris in 1636, 2 vols. fol. They coniill of reli- 

 gious treatifes, fermons, commentaries on the Apocalypfe, 5:c. 

 Dn Pin. Gen. Dicl;. 



Bernardin., or Bernhardin, in Geography, a mountain of 

 Swifferland, being part of the Alps, feparating the dillridt of 

 Rheinwalden from the vaUies of Calanca and Mafox. In this 

 mountain fprings the river Mufa, which flows down the Val 

 Mafox,and forms ajunction with the Tefino,above Bellinzone. 

 BERNARDINS, or Bernarditks, in Ecchfiajlical 

 Hyiory, the name of a rehgious order, differing ver)' little from 

 the Ciiltrcians. They derived their name and order from 

 St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, who was conlidered as the 

 fecond parent and founder of the Ciftercians. (See Ber- 

 HARD.) Their ufua' habit is a white gown, with a black 

 fcapulary ; but when they oiBciate, they put on a large white 

 coul with great fleeves, and a iiood of the fame colour. 



BERNARDO, St. in Geography, an itland, or rather 

 group of illands in the South Tea, called St. Bernardo of Men- 

 dana, and fuppofed by M. Fleurieu, in his " Difcovcries of 

 the French in 1768 and 1769, &c." to be Mr. Byron's " Ifles 

 of Danger." Mendana fays, that St. Bernardo is in S. lat. 

 \o° 30', and 1400 (Spanilh) leagues from Lima, i. e. allowing 



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Li.Tia to be In W, long. 77' 50', and 1400 leagues in the lati- 

 tude of 10' 30' to make 81^ 30' of longitude, the longitude 

 of St. Bernardo will be about 159'' 20'. But the fituation of 

 St. Bernardo may be more accurately determined from that 

 of the Marquclas, placed by Capt. Cook, in his fecond 

 voyage, in W. long. 139° 9': for Figneroa fays, that Men- 

 dana failed well 403 (Spanifti) leagues from t'lie Marqutfas, 

 before he made St. Bernardo ; and 400 Spa;:iih leagues in the 

 lat. of 10'', making 23° l 3' difference of longitude; if this be 

 added to 139' 9', weihallhave 162^ 22' W. for the longitude 

 of St. Bernardo. Com. Byron places the Iflaiids of Danger 

 in S. lat. 10° 58', and VV. l<,ng. 169° 53' ; but Mr. Wafes, 

 who collated and pabhflied tlie allronomical obfcrvations 

 which were made ii. Hawkcf^vorth's VL.yageS for the Board 

 of LongitTjdf', reduces this longitude to 165' fg' W., exceed- 

 it^g that of Mendana only by 3'- 37'. Mr. Fleurieu joins M. 

 Piiigie (fee " Memoire furle Tranllt de Venus," Paris, 1767, 

 p. 5 I . ) in thinking ttiat tliis idand is not the fame with that 

 which Quiros faw, and called St. Bernardo, in 1605; but Mr. 

 Dalrymple thinks that they are the fame ; and it is probable 

 that Qj.iircxs thought fo ; for in enumerating his oivn difcoverita 

 to Philip II. of Spain, in the memorial which heprefented to 

 that monarch (fee " Dalrympk's coUedion," vol. i. p. 145.) 

 he omitted this ifland, whence it may be inferred, that he 

 thought it to be a dilcovery which belonged to another perfon, 



Bernardo, St. deTarijah, a town of South America, 

 and principal of the dilhitt of Ciiicas, or Tarijah. 



BERNARDSTOWN, a townfhip in Somerfet county, 

 Kew Jerfey, America, containing 2377 inhabitants, including 

 93 flnvea. — A'fo, a towiiihip in Hampfliire county, Mafia- 

 chufetts, containing 691 inhabitants; dillant 110 miles W- 

 frum Bofton. 



BER-NASCONI, Andrea, in Biography, bom at Ve- 

 rona, but who refided chiefly at Venice, was a pleafing and 

 graceful compofer. H: flouriflied at the fame time as Haffe, 

 and though inferior to him in force and refcurces, it is faid 

 that Fauftina, the wife of HalTe, iifed to prefer the melodies 

 of Bernafconi. He refided long at Munich, in the ferviceof 

 the eleftor of Bavaria, where he died about the middle of the 

 17th centuiy. 



BiRNAScosi, La Signora, daughter of the compofcr of 

 that name, arrived in England 1778, as firli: woman at our 

 lyric theatre, when Pacchioretti .nppearcd there for the llrft 

 time. She had gained confiderable reputation as an afirefs 

 at Vienna, in the part of Eurydice, when flie fnng with Mil- 

 hco in Gluek's Orfeo, which had fuch great futccfs from its 

 novelty of llyle, that afcribing p-irt of this fuccefs to the Ber- 

 nafconi's vocal powers, we expeded more than we foundi 

 And little is to be faid of her as^ a performer, except that (he 

 had a neat and elegant manner of finging, though with a voice 

 that was feeble, anJ in decay.. 



BERN AU, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the arch- 

 duchy of Auftria, 5 miles louth of Wels. — Alfo, a town of 

 Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, and middle mark of 

 Brandenburg, furrounded with walls, ramparts, and ditches, 

 containing three churches ; the principal commerce of which 

 is beer, of which large quantities are brewed m this town ; 14 

 miles N.N.E. of Beriin. 



BERNAVILLE, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Somme, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftricl of Dourlens, 2 \ leagues fouth- weft of Dourlens. The 

 population of this town confills of 984, and that of the can- 

 ton of 9944 perfons. The territDrial extent contains 185 

 kiliometres ; and 27 communes. 



BERNAY, a town of France, and principal place of a 

 diilrift, in the department of the Eure ; 7! leagues well of 

 Evreux. Its population amounts to 6142, and that of the 

 canton to 14,957 perfons. Its cstent in kilionietres is 187', 



and. 



