B E R 



50 lliips, which arrived at Flamborough, and enabled the 

 Nc-Tthuinbriaiis to carry on th-jir conqutits over the Britons. 

 He entirely fubdued the country, now called Northumber- 

 land, the bilhopric of Durham, as well as the counties of 

 the Merfe and the three Lotliians, or the whole e;tftern coatl 

 of the ancient Roman province of Valentia ; and afTurn-, d 

 the crown under the title of king of Bernicis. About the 

 fame time, Mlh, another Saxon prince, having conquered 

 Lancafliire, and the greater part of Yorkfliire, or all the 

 country between the Humber and the Tyne, founded ano- 

 ther little ftate in thefe parts, which was called the king- 

 dom of " Deira," or " Deiri." Thefe two kingdoms were 

 united, not long after, in the perfon of Ethelfrid, grandfon 

 of Ida, who married Acca, the daughter of j3illa ; and ex- 

 pelling her brother Edwin, cttablidied one of the moll power- 

 ful of the Saxon kingdoms, by the title of NortliumLcrlandt 

 which fee. See alfo Heptarchy. 



BERNICLE, in Conchology. See BarHacle. 



BERNICLE, \i\ Oinithulogy. See Barn Ac le ^otyJ. 



BERNIER, Francis, in Biography, called the Mogul, 

 from his long refidence in the court of that prince, was born 

 at Angers in France, about the year 1630. After receiv- 

 ing a liberal education, and taking his degree of doftor in 

 medicine at Montpclier, he went, in 1654, to Paleftine, 

 and thence to Egypt. At Cairo he refided about twelve 

 months, and having examined the pyramids, and every thing 

 there deferving attention, he embarked at Suez for the king- 

 dom of the Mogul, and was engaged by Aurengzcbe as his 

 phyfician, in which office he continued, attending that 

 prince in his expeditions for the fpace of 12 yearp. De- 

 firous at length of revifiting his native country, and obtain- 

 ing leave of the Mogul, he returned to France in 1670. He 

 now employed himfelf in digefting and arranging the obferva- 

 tions he had made in his travels, and pubUfhed in fucceffion, 

 in French, the hiftory of the lail revolution of the ftates of 

 the great Mogul, a letter on the ftate of Hindoftan, and 

 memoirs and particular obfervation"^. Thefe were colledled 

 and publirtied together, in 1 699, at Amfterdam, under the 

 title of " Voyages de Franfois Bcrnicr, contenant la Defcrip- 

 tion desetatsdu grand Mogul, del'Hindouftan, du royanme 

 de Kachemire, &c." 2 vols. i2mo. Theyare efteemed the moil 

 perfeiEl account of thofe countries extant. Captive princes 

 here, fays he, deftined to die, v.-ere compelled to take daily a 

 preparation of poppy, which kept them in a contlant ftate ef 

 drowfinefs, until life was gradually and quietly extinguiihed. 



Totheabftemiouslife of the Indians,he attributes their free- 

 dom from gout, ftone, catarrh, and quartan fever. Even the 

 lues venereal is here, he fays, lefs mahgnant than in Europe. 



He alfo pubUftied an abridgment of the philofcphy of 

 Gaflendi, and other trafts, contained in various periodical 

 publications. In 1685, he came to England, and after a 

 fhort refidence here, returned to Paris, where he died, Sept. 

 22,1688. Haller. Bib. Med. New Gen. Biog. Did. 



Bernier, John, born at Blois, received the degree of 

 doftor in medicine at Montpelier, in 1647. Not fucceeding 

 in his praflice, and finding perfons whom he efteemed lefs 

 qualified, in full employment, his writings are filled with 

 fatyrical refledlions on his more fortunate brethren. His 

 principal work is, " Eflais de Medicine, ou il eft traite de 

 I'Hiftoire de Medicine, etdes Medicines, &c." Pans, 1689, 

 410. to which he added a fupplemcnt in 1695. He alfo 

 publifhed " Hiftoirede Blois;" which is not much efteemed. 

 Alfo, " Antimenagiana, [des Refleftions, Penfees, Bens 

 Mots, et Anecdotes," which he figns by thename of Poppin- 

 court, and a critique on the works of Rabelais, whom he 

 feverely cenfures. Eloy. Di£l. Hill. 



BtRNiER, Njcholat, an eminent French mufician, was 



B E R 



born at Mantes-fur-Stinf, and became mufic-maflcr of the 

 holy chapel at Pari?, and afterwards of tlie chapel royal. 

 He was much efteemed and patronized by the duke of Or- 

 leans, who fubmittcd his own con-pofitions to his judgment. 

 By his five books of cantatas, for one and two voices, with 

 the words in part by Roufl'tau and Fuf(.li',r, he acqviired 

 great reputation. He alfo publiihed " Lcs Nuits dcs 

 Sceaux," and a number of motets, which are ftill : dmired. 

 He died in 1734. Nonv. Di£l. Hill. 



BERNIN, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the liere, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftiitt of Grenoble, 8 miles north of Grenoble. 



BERNINI, John Lawrlnce, in BkgrapLy, a cele- 

 brated fculptor and architeft, was the fon of a fculptor, and 

 born at Naples, in 1598. At a very early age, he manifeft- 

 cd the inclination of his genius ; fur upon the removal of 

 his family to Rome, whta he had attained only the ;ipe of 

 10 years, he (hut himfelf up from morning till night in the 

 Vatican, for the purpole ot copyiig the mailer pieces which 

 it contained. Having about this period wrought a head in 

 marble, that excited great admiration, he was fcnt for by pope 

 Paul V. who dcliied him to flcetch with a pen the head of 

 St. Paul, in his prtfence; upon which the young artift 

 defigned it fo well, that the pontiff recommended him to the 

 care of cardinal Matlci Bhiberini, as one who might become 

 the Micliael Angclo of his age. Stimulated by the en- 

 couragement he had received, his application was indefati- 

 gable, and his perfeverance invincible. To this purpofe, it 

 is related concerning him, that after having finuhed with 

 much attention and afliduity a bull of Scipio Borghefe, the 

 pope's nephew, he difcovered a dcfedl of the marble in the 

 forehead. Upon this he immediately procured another 

 block, and in the interval of 15 nights he executed another 

 to his fatisfaclion. When the firll was exhibited to Borghefe, 

 he could not avoid manifefting his chagrin ; but he was 

 agreeably furprifed when the Iccond was expofed to his 

 view. Both theie are prcfcrved in the villa Borghefe. Among 

 the productions of his youth, we may mention his ftatues of 

 St. Laurence, and of iEneas carrying oft his father at the 

 fiege of Troy ; and more particularly his David and Goliah, 

 which fome lin' e reckoned among his bell works. His gri;;:p 

 of Apollo and Daphne, cut from a fingle block of marble, 

 and the fecond not more than half a foot from the firft, exe- 

 cuted fur cardinal Borghefe, at the age of 18 years, lias been 

 regarded as the chef d'oeuvre of ftulpture. It is faid, that 

 when Bernini faw thefe performances ot his youtli 4c years 

 afterwards, he lamented the little improvement be had 

 made in fculpturc during this long courft of years. In the 

 pontificate of Gregory XV. Bernini was created a knight of 

 the order of Chrift ; whence he has been commonly diftin- 

 gailhed by the appellation of the '" Chevaiitr Bernini." Up- 

 on the acceffion of his patron Barbenni to the por.t'.hcal 

 chair, under the title of Urban VIII. Bernini was engaged 

 in executinr; the projefls which he had lonned for the tm- 

 beUiihrrient of Rome. The decoration ol the plate called 

 the " Confcflion," in St. Peter's, employed him for 9 year?, 

 and for this exercife of his art he was liberally rewarded. 

 He alfo conllrudled a fountain, difplaying the richncfs cfhis 

 invention, in the pia27a d'Efpagna ; decorated the great 

 niches of the pillars, which'fiipport the dorr.c of St. Peter's ; 

 and conftuifted a grand maufolenm for the pope, which is 

 one cf the finell ornaments of that cathedr.-'.l. So much did 

 this pope intereft himfelf in the \Ntlfare of Bernin-, that he 

 urged him to marry ; accordingly, in 1639, he commenced a 

 matrimonial union, which lafted 35 years, and produced a 

 numerous family. Bernini's reputation was not confined to 

 Rome ; but Charles I. of England, hearing of his fame, fent 



over 



