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over a fine piAure of Vandyke, from whicli he made tkree buds 

 of the king in difFcreiit al'ptdts, vvhicli gave great latisfac- 

 tion, and were munificently rewarded. A bnft of the queen 

 was intended, but on account of the troubles which occurred 

 in England, was never executed. Bernini was invited to 

 Paris by Lewis XIII. jull before the death of Urban VIII., 

 and allured by very lucrative propofals; but the pope, upon 

 being confulted, faid, " that he was made for Rome, and 

 Rome for him ;" and this determined his Hay, The grand 

 fountain of the piazza Navoiia, conilruiled under the por.ti- 

 ficate of Innocent X. is reckoned among his mailer-pieces. 

 The fine portico of St. Peter's was creifled by this artill, un- 

 der the pontificate of Alexander VII. and about this time 

 queen Chriftina vifitcd Rome, and treated him with lingu- 

 lar refpccl. In 1664, he was confulted by Lewis XIV. of 

 France, in confequence of the recominendatioa of Colbert, 

 concerning the improvement of the Louvre ; and :it the age 

 of 68 years yielded to an urgent invitation to vifil Paris for 

 this pnrpofe. In his journey thither, he was honoured in 

 various places through which he palfed, by the moil refpeA- 

 ful attention; and after his arnval, he began with making a 

 bull of the king, and while he was iketchlng his portrait, 

 turned back his curls for a better difcovery of his forehead, 

 obferving at tlie fame timff, with the politenefs of a courtier, 

 *' that he was a king who might freely fliew his face to the 

 whole world." This, it is faid, gave rife to a French fa- 

 Ihion, denominated " frifure a la Bernin." His defigu for 

 the completion of the Louvre was not executed. He re- 

 turned to Rome before winter, and as an acknowledgment 

 of his obligations, for the civility and munificence with which 

 he was treated by Lewis, formed a coloffal equeflriau llatue, 

 reprefenting the king as fupported by a rock. Upon its 

 removal to Paris, Girarden changed it, on account of its 

 want of fufficient refemblance to the monarch, into a Curtius 

 leaping into the fiery gulf. Among the remaining works 

 in which he employed himfclf, the mod confiderable was tlie 

 tomb of Alexander V'll. in St. Peter's. Whilfl; he was re- 

 pairing the old chancery palace, by order of Innocent XI. 

 lie was feized with a fever, which terminated in an apoplexy, 

 that cloftd his life in 1680, in the 8 2d year of his age. His 

 funeral proccfiion to the church of St. Maria Maggiore was 

 attcndrd by all the nobility of Rome. 



The genius of Bernini was fingtdarly fertile and com- 

 prchcnfive ; and on a medal llruck in honour of him by 

 Lewis XIV. he is charafterizcd as " fingularis in fingulis, in 

 omnibus unicus," i. e. fingular in each, fole in all. Several 

 of his pi&ureE, painted for his amufement, aniidd his other 

 occupations, and fufScienlly indicating his talents in this de- 

 partment of the arts, are preferved in the I'lortntiue gallery, 

 and the Barberini and Chigi palaces. In architeftiire he dif- 

 played a fine taile and rich imagination, though he is faid to 

 have departed trom the rules ar.d proportions obferved by 

 the ancients. But he owed his higlieil and mod didinguifh- 

 ing reputation to fculpture. D'Argenville, however, ob- 

 fcrvcs, in his " Vies des Architeftes ct des Sculpteurs," 

 that, whild he wrought marble with a furpri.Gng fnpplenefs, 

 admirable tade, and fingular graces, he often devipted from 

 truth, and was much of a mannerid ; that he abandoned the 

 iimple drapery of the Grecian ftatuaries ; and that he enve- 

 loped his figures with fuch an aflemblage of .folds and doub- 

 lings astodifgnife and partly conceal them by the flutter and 

 feeming agitation of their drefs. Some of his fingle buils, or 

 portraits alter nature, are much admired, and are faid to re- 

 lain the whole fpirit and charafler of the original. His St. 

 Therefa in ecdafy is thought to furpafs all )iis other works 

 for cxprcffion. His/jwn talents he edimated with modedy ; 

 but by ail enthuijaftic attachment to his art, and unwearied 



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affiduity in the exercifeof it, he arrived at that eminence for 

 which he was didmguiflied, and multiplied his works to fuch 

 a degree as to occafion its being faid, that poderity would 

 he apt to fuppol'e as many Berninis as Herculcfes. En- 

 cyclop, Beaux Arts, t. ii. p. I. p. 282. Gen, Biog. 



BERNINO, in Geography, a mountain of Swiderland, 

 being a branch of the Rhctian Alps, about z6 miles N. E. of 

 Chiavenna. 



BERNO, in Bisgraphy, abbot of Richenon, in the diocefe 

 of Condance, flouridied about the year 1008, and is cele- 

 brated as a poet, rhetorician, muficinn, philofopher, and 

 divine. Of his works, the principal are his treatifes " Dc 

 Inftrumcntis Muficalibus;" " De Menfura Monochordij" 

 and " De Mufica feu Tonis ;" containing a fummary of the 

 dodlrines of Boethius, an explanation of the ecclcfiadical 

 tones, intermixed with pious exhortations, and the applica- 

 tion of the mufic to rehgious purpofes. His learning and 

 piety recommended him to the fpecial favour of the emperor 

 Herrry II, and his endeavours to promote literature were fo 

 much encouraged, that his abbey of Richenon was as famous 

 in his time as thofe of St. Gal, or Cluni, then the moil 

 celebrated in Fi-anee. He died in 1048, and was buried iu 

 the church of his monafteiy. 



BERNON, in Geography, a tovi'n of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Aube, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftrict of Ervy ; 4 miles S. E. of Ervy. 



BERNOUILLI, Jamf.s, in i?/'ofray)/ij', a celebrated ma- 

 thematician, was born at Bafil, December 27, 1654. His fa- 

 ther, who was a man of rank and learning, intended him for 

 the piofefllon of a minider, and paid great attention to his 

 education. Having pafled through the ufual courfe of pre- 

 paratory dudies, and taken his degrees in the univerfity of 

 Bafil, he applied, in deference to his father's widies, to divi- 

 nity ; but his inclination leading him to mathematics, he 

 made great proficiency in geometry, without any collateral 

 aflidanee either of teachers or of book;;, from the ufe of 

 which his father rigoro'idy redrained him. In refei'ence to 

 this redraint, he took for his device Phaeton driving the 

 chariot of the fun, with this motto, " Invito patre fidei-a 

 verfo," i, e. I traverfe the dais igainil my father's inclina- 

 tion. Notwithdanding the difadvantagcs under which he 

 laboured, he made fuch progrefs in mathematical dudies, that 

 he was able, before the age of 18 years, to folve a difficult 

 proVrlem in chronology, or to find the year of the Julian 

 pei-iod, when the year of the cycle of the fun, the golden 

 inimbcr, and the indidlion, are given. In 1676, lie began his 

 travels, and at Geneva taught a blind girl to write ; and at 

 Bourdeaux compofed univerfal gnomonic tables. Upon his 

 return to his own country, in 16S0, he der'ived great plea- 

 fui-e from th. penifal of Maibranche's " Search after Truth," 

 and Defcartes's philofophy : and predifled the return of a 

 comet, of which he gave an account, in a fhort ti'eatife writ- 

 ten iu his own language. He foon afterwards travelled into 

 Holland, Flanders, and England ; and having completed 

 his peregrinations, he fettled at Bafil, in 1682, and com- 

 menced a coiufe of public experiments in natural philofophy 

 and mathematics. In this year he publifhed, at Amder- 

 dam, in Latin, his " Eflny of a New Sydem of Comets, in 

 order to calculate their Motions and to foretel their Appear- 

 ances," 8vo. and in the following year, at the fame place, 

 his " Didertations upon the Weight of the Air ;" Lat. 8vo. 

 In i68^, he accepted the profeirordiip of mathematics at 

 Heidelberg, and devoting himfelf to the alTiduous iludy of 

 thefe fcicnces, he took occafion about this time to invedigatc 

 the analytical fydem of Leibnitz, contained in fome eflays 

 on the " Calculus differentialis," or " Infinimens petits ;" 

 publiflicd in the " Ada Eruditorum ;" the extent and 



beauty 



