B E R 



"BtRTONCOURT, in Geography, a town of France, 

 yii the department of the MoR-lk, and chief place of a can- 

 ton, in tht dillrift of Rouray, lo miles north-taft of Mctz. 



BERTRAM, Cornelius BonAventurt:, in R^oTa- 

 j>liy, a learned orientalift.'was born at Thouars, in Poitou, 

 in 1531, and became profefTor of Hebrew at Geneva, and 

 afterwards at Laufaunc, where he died in 1 594. His 

 vvorks are " A Differtation on the Republic of the He- 

 ■brews," 8vo. Geneva, 1580, and Leyd. 1641 ; "A Re- 

 \'ifion of the French Bible of Geneva," Gen. 158S, which 

 is more correct and liberal than the other, and is ufed by the 

 Calvinilts at the prtfent time ; " A new edition of Pagniii's 

 Treafnre of the Sacred Tongue ;" " Parallel of the Hebrew 

 and Syriac Languages ;" and " Lucubrationes Frankenda- 

 lenfes," Frank. 1586. He contributed alfo to the edition 

 of Mercerus's comment on the book of Job. Gen. Diet. 

 Nouv. Diet. Hilh 



BERTRAND, Gabriel, a furgeon of eminence at 

 Paris, publifhed, in 1610, in 8vo. " A Refutation of the 

 Errors contained in Gnillemeau's defcription of the mufcles 

 of the human body," which is much commmended by 

 Portal ; alfo " I,es Vcrites Anatomiqnes et Chirurgicales 

 des Organes de la Refpiration, et des artificieux moycns dont 

 la nature fe fert pour la preparatitm de I'air," Paris, 1629, 

 J 2mo. He had obferved pus formed in the cheft to be ab- 

 sorbed and conveyed out of the body with the urine. Hal- 

 ler. Bib. Anatom. 



Bertrand, John Baptist, born at Antigues, July 12th 

 1670, was member of the academy at Marfeilles, where he 

 alfo praftifed medicine with reputation and fuccefs. He pub- 

 lifhed " An Hiflorical Account of the Plague," which defo- 

 lated that city in the year 17 19, of which he was witnefs ; 

 alfo " Letters adJrcfied to ^L Deidier on the caufes of mnf- 

 cular motion ;" and " Differtations on the effecls of fea air." 

 He died September 10, 1752, aged 82 years. Eloy. Did. 

 Hiftcrr. 



Bertrand de Commlnjes , Sf. in Geography, a town of 

 France, in the department of the Upper Garonne, and chief 

 place of a canton, in the diftrift of St. Gaudens. Before 

 the revolution it was the fee of the bilhop of Comminges ; di- 

 ftant 3 miles louth-weft of St. Gaudens. Its population is 

 eftimated at ^139, and that of the canton at 8165 perfons. 

 Its territory comprehends 1374 kiliometies, and 18 com- 

 munes. 



BERTRx\NDI, Amprose, in Biography., a celebrated 

 anatomill and fnrgeon of Turin, where he was born, Oflobcr 

 8, 1733. She will'.;: early marks of an uncommon genius and ta- 

 lents for his pn-iilfion, he was lent by liis fovereign to Paris, 

 and afterwards to Loudon, to acquire a knowledge of the im- 

 provements making in thefe places. At London, he was for 

 ■frx months under the direction of Mr. Bromiield, then at the 

 'head of his profefTion. Having employed three years in his 

 travels, in 17^4 he ret urned to Turin, where he was preferred 

 to the offices ot profedor extraordinary, and principal fur- 

 geon to the king. In 1748, he publilhed, in 8vo. " DiiTer- 

 tationes duse aiiatomict, de hepnte, et de oculo," which 

 Wave confiderable merit. But his principal work was pub- 

 liflied at Nice in 1763, 8vo. under the title of " Trattato 

 dtlla operazioni di chirurgia," in which he has defcribtd the 

 manner of performing the principal operations in furgcry. 

 The work was tranflated into French by M, Sober, and pub- 

 liftied at Paris, in 1769, with engravings. He died in 1765, 

 in the 43d year of his age. Hall. Bib. Chii. Elov. DiA. 

 Mlft. 



BERTROMONTIER, in Geography, a town of France, 

 in the department of the Vofges, and chief place of a canton, 

 in the diltrict of St. Die, 4 miles eail of St. Die. 



BF.RVA, a dillnd of Africa, iu the fuulhcrn part of the 

 Vol. IV. 



B E R 



conntnr called " Kiaferak" by the Arabians, and by us 

 " Cafrnria." See Brata. 



BERVAN, a town of Afia, in Tartary, in the kingdom 

 of Thibet, near thi lake Bervan, which lake is faid to be 

 40 leagues long and between 30 and 34 broad. 



BERVIE*or iNVERniRviE, in Geography, a royal burgh 

 in the c lunty of Kincardine, Scotland, N. lat. 56" 44'. W, 

 long. 2° 4'. It is featcd on the eaftern coaft, at the mouth 

 of the river Bervie, called Beri'ie ba\\ which forms a fmall 

 harbour for fidiing-bo'.ts. This town was conftituted a 

 royal burgh in 1342, by charter from king David, who, 

 being at fea, was forced in here by ftrefs of weather, and 

 kindly received and entertained by the inhabitants. The 

 place where he landed h Hill called craig David. In 1595, 

 James VI. renewed the charter, with all its foimer privileges 

 and immunities. This town has loft nearly the whole of its 

 trade and commerce, and many of its houfes are fallen to 

 decay. Moll of the fifliermen who frequented this port, arc 

 removed to Gourdon, a village about 2 miles fouth, where 

 they enjoy a more eligible utuation. Frefli water has lately 

 been brought into the town by means of p:pes, and a mw 

 bridge has been recently tluown acrofs the river Bervie. 

 The population of the borough is about 607 perfons. 



BERVINE, a river of the Netherlands, which paffes by 

 Dalem, and runs into the Meufe, near Vifet. 



BERVISCH, in Ichlhyology, the name by which the 

 Hollanders call the lump-fi(h ; cydop'erus lumpus of Linna:us. 



BERULLE, Peter de, in B'ngraphy, cardinal and 

 founder of the congregation of the fathers of the orator)- in 

 France, was born at Seriily ntarTniyes, in 1575, and edu- 

 cated with a view to the ec-clcfiaftieal profeflion, firll among 

 the Jefuits, and afterwards in tht univeriity ot Paris, where he 

 was dillinguifhed by his proficiency in literature, and by the 

 amiablenels of his difpolition. Such were hi=; attainments in 

 doftrinal and controverfial divinity, that he bore a principal 

 part in the conference at Fontainblrau, in 1600, between 

 cardinal du Perron on behalf of the cathohes, and dn Plel- 

 fis Mornay on the fide of the proteftants. At this time he 

 was almoner to king Henry IV. ; and in 1604, he was em- 

 ployed in bringing over a colony of Cannelites from .Spain, 

 and fettling them at Paris ; of this order he was conftituted 

 fuperior-general. The firft foundations of the congreg-ation 

 of the orator)- of Jefus were laid by him in 161 1, and from 

 this inllitution he derived the greatell honour. See Ora- 

 tory. After the death of Henry IV., Bcrulle was chief of 

 the council of the queen mother, Mary ol Medicis, and 

 he took an active part in promoting conciliator)- meafurcs 

 between the contending parties during the minority of 

 Lewis Xlir. In 1624, he was deputed on a commilTion to 

 Rome, to folieit a difpenfatiou for the maniage of the prin- 

 ccfs Heniictta Maria, to Charles I. of England ; he was ap- 

 pointed her confciTor, and accompanied her to take polfeffion 

 of the throne. But as he ftrenuoully and inflexibly main- 

 tained her rtipuiated rights, he contributed in fome mealure 

 to the mlfchief that rcfulted from this impolitic union, and 

 at length incurred the reproach of a difmidal. The duke 

 of Buckingham, as he fays, complained of him to the king 

 of having confpired againft \\\f life and fortune. On his re- 

 turn to France, he was aftive in urging the proceedings 

 a^ainlt the Calvinifts at Rochelle. Having refufed fevcral 

 rich benefices and bilhoprics, he was nominated cardinal by 

 Urban VIII., Without his knowledge, in 1627 ; but he con- 

 tinued his abitcmious and mortified mode of living ; and at 

 length, exhaultfd by his.lnbours and auileritics, he died 

 during the cel-.bration of mafs. Oft. 2, 1629. His nume- 

 rous pieces in controverfial theology were collcftcd and pub- 

 lilhed in one volume folio, in 1644, and have fince appealed 

 in two other editions. Gen. Dift. 



K k BERUS, 



