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tl>at the privy feal was loft ; and Edwai-d ifTued a prockma- 

 lioii from Berwick, informing his fubjefts of the circum- 

 llance. Berwick was afterwards a fcene of great reveh-y 

 and rejoicings. The marriage of Joan, fifter to Edward III., 

 with David of Scotland, was performed at this place with 

 great pomp and oftentatioiis folemnity. In fpite of this fa- 

 mily alliance, the two kingdoms foon returned to their for- 

 mer hollilities, and Berwick became the feat of many bat- 

 tles and deftruftive lieges. It was feveral times afterwards 

 in the pofTefllon of each countrj-, and never rclinquillied by 

 either without a vigorous and oblUnate refiflance. In the 

 reign of Richard III. of England, and James III, of Scot- 

 land, commiflioners were appointed by e:ich crown to afccr- 

 tain the limits of Berwick ; and it was agreed, that the 

 ground in difputc fliouki remain uncultivated, unbuilt, and 

 uninhabited. But in 1502, this agreement was annulled by 

 another, which llipulated that the town and cadle fliould be 

 " prcierved in perpetual peace, fricnddiip, league, and con- 

 federacy." In the fame year was folemnixcd the marriage of 

 Margaret, elde'.l daughter of tlenry VII., with James IV. 

 king of Scotland ; but this circumftance did not terminate 

 the jealoufics and aniniofities between the two kingdoms, as 

 Edward VI. marched to Berwick witli a large force, v.'hich 

 was augmented by a fleet uf 3.). (hips, ^o tranipons, and a 

 galley. T hefe lay encamped here for lome time, and were 

 dellined to invade Scotland. Tliis monarch, and Mary 

 queen of Scotland, by treaty, made Berwick a county town, 

 and declared it independent of both ftates. Queen Elizabeth 

 fortified and inveded it with a ftrong and expenfive military 

 tllablifhment, conlllting of 980 men, whofe annual falaries 

 amounted to 12,734!. 19s. 2d. All this was abrogated, 

 and the place rendered peaceable by James VI. of Scotland, 

 who was proclaimed at Berwick, in the year 1603, king of 

 England, France, and Ireland. The union of the two king- 

 doms, in 1707, terminated the long feries of hoftilities, 

 which had proved fo delbuftive to tlie commerce, popula- 

 tion and agriculture of the borders, and to this place in 

 particular. 



Berwick, though originally a Scots town, was erefted 

 into an Englilh borough, at a very early period, and its laft 

 charter was granted by James I. ; under which the burgefTes 

 claim their various privileges, immunities, &c. as well as 

 fome large territorial pofleffions and domains. It has an ex- 

 empt jurifdiftion, and is independent of the adjoining coun- 

 ties of Durham and Northumberland, yet it is not a county 

 in itfelf. Since the miion, it has been partly fubjcft to the 

 Englifh laws, but is locally regulated by its own code. 

 The town is governed by a mayor, recorder, four baihfts, 

 and an indefinite number of aldermen. The hril is annually 

 elefted, and receives tool, during his mayoralty. Two 

 members of parliament are returned from this town, and tlie 

 rumber of eledlors amounts to nearly one thoufand, though 

 not more than feven hundred have been known "to vote at 

 one eieflion. Several manufaftures are eilablifhed here ; the 

 pnncipal of which are for making of damaik and diaper, 

 lacking, fail-cloth, cotton and muflins, ftockings, carpets, 

 felts, liat8, boots, flioes ; bcfides feveral others connefted 

 with the fliipping. The coalling trade and foreign com- 

 merce of Berwick are very confiderable, though about llxty 

 years fince, only two fmall velTels of fifty tons each were 

 employed between this place and London. Now about 40 

 velVcls belong to this port, whofe principal lading confills of 

 falmon and eggs. The firll are moftly caught in the river 

 Tweed, whofe fifherles afford a great revenue to the propri- 

 etors, and give employ to about 300 men. The falmon 

 filhing continues from the loth of January till the icth of 

 October, daring which time above .j 0,000 kit* of thefc fifh, 



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bcfides i vart quantity of falmon trout, have been fent to 

 London. The latter are often conveyed alive in the holds 

 of the vefRls. About 80 boats are employed on the Tweed { 

 and the ycariy rentals of all the fifiiing waters amount to nearly 

 lo.oool. The article of eggs is alfo a curious and lucrative 

 branch of trade : they are brought to this town in carts and 

 panniers from all parts of the adjoining country, and moflly 

 bartered for grocery goods. From the loth of October 

 1797 to the 10th of Oftober 1798, 5254 chefts of eggs 

 were font hence to London. The vail increafe of trade at 

 this port may be eftimated from the cuftom-houfe revenue, 

 which has rifcn in the laft 20 years from loool. to 6000I. a 

 year. 



It was the univerfal praftice, till within thefe few years, 

 to boil all the lalmon before it was packed up in the kits; 

 but in 1788, a new mode was adopted, and has continued 

 ever fince. This confilU in packing it with ice, which 

 being wanted in great q'.iantities, induced the merchants to 

 canllruA feveral ice-houfes near the town. In the year 

 179H, the two companies of Berwick laid in 7600 cart loads, 

 which coft them about 450I. There are 32 falmon coopers 

 in this town. Four modes of catching falmon arc praftifed 

 here ; the fweep, the ftill, the bobb, and the hanging nets. 

 (See S.it.MOS.) Befides the falmon-fifliery, the herring and 

 lobfter fifliery employs feveral hands. The latter are caught 

 cruives, which are three feet in length and one and a half in 

 height. Tiiefe have a hole at each end, where the lobfters 

 are tempted to enter for the inclofed baits. 



The Public Builclhigs are the governor's houfe, the bar- 

 racks, the ordnance-houle, the main-guard, the town-hall, 

 refervoir, church, vicar's houfe, and the bridge; all thefe 

 are conftruded with ftone, and the two firft were built in 

 1719. The town hall is a handfome building of three {lo» 

 ries, with an ornamental tower and fpire at one end. It was 

 built from the defigns of Jofeph Dodds, and finiilied in 

 1754. The church was built, in 1652, under the direftion 

 of colonel George Fenwicke ; but it has neither tower nor 

 bells : thefe are annexed to the town hall. The bridge over 

 the Tweed is conilru6ted with fine hewn ftone, and has fif- 

 teen Ipacious arches. It extends ii'^4 feet in length, and 

 17 in width, and was finifhed building Oftober 12, 16^4, 

 after a period of 24 years, 4 m.onths, and 4 days, from the 

 commencement. 



Here are a charity fchool, and fix frec-fchools, alfo a cuf- 

 tom-houfe and excilc-office. Berwick is ftill furrounded with 

 fortified walls, which are mounted with 54 guns. It has 

 four principal gates, and has a complete garrifon eftablilh- 

 ment, to which Holy ifland is an appendage. Among the 

 antiquities of the town, are the remains of its ancient callle, 

 and a pentagonal bell tower near it, a fquare fort in Magda- 

 lane fields, entrenchments on the top ot Hallydown hill, and 

 an old pier called qneen Elizabeth's pier. 



Here is one weekly market on Saturdays, and one annual 

 fair ; but the corporation has tftabliflied three annual mark- 

 ets, called High markets, for the hiring of fervants, and 

 felling of horfes, cattle, &c. Fuller's liillory of Berwick- 

 upon-Tweed, 8vo. 1799. 



Berwick, or /ll'boijlo'wtt, a Jieiit town of America, in 

 York countv, Pennfylvania, at the head of Concwago 

 creek, 103 miles W. by S. of Philadelphia, 13 miles \V. 

 of York, and 26 miles S.S.W. of Harrift)urg. This town 

 is regularly laid out, and contains about Ico houfcs, and 3 

 German Lutheran, and Calviniil church.' N. lat. 39° 54'. 



Berwick, or Nfiu Bertuicl, a fmall town of Northum- 

 berland county in Pennfylvania, on the nailh-wcftcrn fide of 

 the ealt branch of Snfquehannah river, oppofite Ncfcopeck 

 falls and Nefcopcck creek, 32! miles r.orth-eaft from Nor- 

 K k » thuinberland 



