BEY 



cfcapc into the Said. Ibrahim and Murad have fince 

 ruled Egypt, the former as '♦ Scheik el Belled," and the 

 latter as " Deftcr-dar," though not without mjtiialjea- 

 loufies and attempts to deftroy each other. They, however, 

 confpire together to recruit the number of the Mamlouks, 

 and to coUcdl treafure from all quarters. In the year 1791, 

 Salah Aga, a Have of Murad Bey, was deputed, from the 

 government of Egypt, to negociate their peace with the 

 Porte. He carried with him prefents of horfes, rich Huffs, 

 &c. He was well received, and was afterwards appointed 

 *' Waquil ef Sultan," i. e. agent or attorney to the fultan in 

 Cairo. This office was probably given him to engage him in 

 feconding the efforts of the court fordifuniting the beys ; but 

 it was inefFtftual. Thefe had formerly experienced the evils 

 of divifion, and were now united by common intereft, grown 

 rich, and well provided with flavcs. It is faid, tht no tribute 

 has finee that time found its way to Conftantinople. Ibrahim 

 and Murad are confidcred as ufnrpers by the beys of Upper 

 Egypt, who are favoured by the Purte. The mod power- 

 ful houfe is that of Ibiahim, who lias about 600 (according 

 to Volncy, but about 1000, favs Mr. Browne,) Mamlouks. 

 Next to him is Murad, who has not above 400 Mamlouks, 

 fays Volncy ; but according to Browne, they amounted, in 

 1796, to about 1 700. He was originally a (lave of Mohammed 

 Bey, and fucceeded in defeating and taking prifoner All Bey 

 the Great. He is detefted by the Porte. He is dcfcribed by 

 Sonnini, as handfome and martial in his appearance ; his chin 

 is covered with a bufhy black beard ; his thick eye-brows de- 

 fcribe arches of ebony over his large eyes, which fparkle with 

 vivacity and fire. A long fear in one of his cheeks adds to 

 the fierce call of his countenance. To great bravery, he joins 

 fmgular addrefs and e.'itraordinary flrength. He has been 

 known, when riding by an ox, to cut ofl' its head with one 

 ftroke of his fcimitar. An intrepid warrior, capable of en- 

 during the fevered hardfliips, an excellent horfeman, dexte- 

 rous and powerful in the ufe of the fabre, courageous in ad- 

 i.verllty, bold in entcrprife, cool in action, but terrible in on- 

 fet. Murad, with inllruclion, might have become a great 

 general. His proud deportment, and magnificent difpoil- 

 tion, give him the dignified appearance of a fovereign ; but 

 injuftice, ignorance, and cruelty, have renderedhima ferocious 

 tyrant. Murad, fays Mr. Browne, is one of thole beys 

 who can neither read nor write. Of the profufion of this 

 bey, Sonnini has given the following account. In his camp 

 were eredled immenfe tents, divided into fevcral apartments, 

 for the accommodation of himfelf and his principal officers. 

 The floors were covered with the moll beautiful carpets, 

 and the interior decorations confifted of the richell gold and 

 filver fluffs that the manufaiflories of Lyons could afford. 

 Nothing could equal the magnificence of his cavalry. Gold 

 and filver ornaments, with the choicefl embroidery on Mo- 

 rocco leather, glittered with a dazzing luilre in the rays of 

 a burning fun ; and the houfings of the faddles, trimmed 

 with a broad gold lace, were made of thofe handfome vel- 

 vets, the fmall and delicate patterns of which difplay the 

 elegant talle that prevails in the produftions of the manu- 

 fafturers of Lyons. His profufion is fupplied by his 

 rapacity. He is accuflomed to have from the mint daily, 

 for his pocket expenccs, 500 half mahbubs, and his wife 

 the fame. This amounts to 1500 piaftres, and is only a 

 fmall part of hi." difburfements. He is married to the 

 widow of his miller, the daughter of the celebrated Ali 

 Bey. Next in power to Murad, is Mohammed Bey Elti, 

 whole name imports that he was bought for 1000 patackes. 

 His mailer was Murad Bey, jufl mentioned. He is repre- 

 fented as quick in apprehenfion, and impetuous in aftion. 

 His power is great and increafing ; he has 800 Mamlouks. 

 Ibratiim Bey, " el Uali," a name derived from the fecond 



BEY 



military magif^rr.cy in the city of Cairo, is a young man 

 about the fame age with the lall mentioned, of a fedate, 

 but firm charadter, married to the daughter of the elder 

 Ibrahim, and attached to his interefts. He has 6 or 700 

 Mamlouks. Aiiib Bey, " al Zogheir," or junior, is ano- 

 ther powerful leader, dillinguifhcd by his fiiperior capacity, 

 and on all occalious coiifulted by the reft. He has not 

 many Mamlouks ; he is prudent and economical, and rarely 

 accufed of extortion. Fatmc, now the aged daughter of the 

 famous Ali, is held in much refpeft by all the beys. Even 

 Murad, her hufband, treats her with reverence. When a 

 bey is appointed to a government, he never fails to pay a 

 vifit to this old ladv, who ledlures him on his duties, and 

 will fay to him, " Do not pillage the people ; they were 

 always fpared by my father." 



Of the fyftematic rapacity of the beys, the following 

 inllance is mentioned. Ibrahim Bey, at a fclUval occaiioned 

 by the marriage of his daughter to another powerful bey in 

 1792, invited to his houfe a famous finger, who had been 

 employed, during the preceding day and night, in the exer- 

 cife of her protefTion, and who had received confiderable 

 donations. She readily complied, expeSing employment, 

 and liberal recompence. The bey allied her " How many- 

 half fequins did ycu culleft yefterday .'" She replied, " about 

 ten thoufand." " Pay me eight thoufand then," faid the 

 bey, " and I will give you a note of credit on Ibrahim Jeuhari, 

 my fecretary." The money was paid, but the woman wa^ 

 turned out of the houfe without receiving any fecurity 

 whatever ; and is faid to have died of the difappointment. 

 Voluey's Travels through Syria and Egypt, vol. i. Son- 

 iiini's Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt, p. 4^4, &c, 

 Browne's Travels in Africa, &c. p. 47, &c. See Bashaw, 

 and M.iMLOUK. 



Bey of Tunis, der.oles a prince, or iing thereof ; anfwering 

 to what at Algiers is called the tffy. He is chofen out of 

 the army ; each order, even the mofl inferior, having an 

 equal right and title to that dignity with the highefl. 



In the kingdom of Algiers, each province is governed 

 by a bey or vice-roy ; who is appointed and removed at 

 pleafure by the bey ; but has a defpotic power within his 

 jurifdiAion ; and at the feafon for colledling the tribute 

 from the Arabs, is affuled by a body of troops from AJ- 

 giers. 



The kingdom of Tunis is not divided into provinces, like 

 that of Algiers, and governed by provincial beys, orvice-roys; 

 but the whole is under the immediate infpeflion of the bey 

 himfelf, who collects the tribute in perfon. For this pur- 

 pofe, he vifits, with a flying camp, once every year, the 

 principal parts of it ; traverfing, in the fnmmer feafon, the 

 fertile country in the neighbourhood of Keff and Baijah ; 

 and in the winter, the feveral diftrifts betwixt Kairwaii and 

 the Jereed. 



BEYAH, ill Geography, anciently ca?led BcypaOia, and 

 the Hyphafis, or Hnphitfis of Alexander, a river of Hindof- 

 tan, that rifes in the great chain of fnowy mountains, ex- 

 tending from Sirinagur, to the north of Caflimere, or the 

 ancient Imaus ; and after traverfing the Panjab, it joins 

 the Setlege at Ferofepour ; about 24 miles below the con- 

 flux, a reparation again takes place, and four different 

 flreams are formed ; the northmofl and mod confiderable 

 of which, recovers the name of Bcyah, and is a deep and 

 rapid river. The others are named Herari, Dond, and 

 Noorney ; and near Moultan they unite again, and bear the 

 name of Setlege, until both the fubftance and the rarae 

 are loft in the Indus, about 80 miles, or three days' failing, 

 by the courfe of the river, below the mouth of the Chunaub. 

 Rennell's Mem. p. 102. 



BEYENBERG, orBiENBERC, a town of Germany, io 



the 



