B I B 



B I B 



cis T. king of France, for the piirpofe of forminsf a criifade 

 againft the Turks. On tliis occafion he was received with 

 very marked diftinftion at Paris, tliough the event of tlie 

 journey proved fatal to him. It has been generally funpofed, 

 that having a view to fucceed Leo in the papal ftc, he had 

 obtained the promife of Francis's fupport ; and that Leo, 

 being apprized of his ambition, took him off by poifon ; or 

 perhaps, the dilpleafnre of the pope might fo much affciSl 

 him as to occafion a fit of illnefs, which proved mortal in 

 November 152c. 



Bibiena is ditlingiiifhed in the hiftory ot literature, as a 

 polite writer, and particularly as the author of a celebrated 

 comedy called " Calandr:i," This was the tirlt comedy 

 written in profe in the Italian language, or at lead the firit 

 that obtained any cotifidcrable degree of popularity ; and it 

 is Hill cileemed as one of the beil produftions of the age, 

 though the wit is not free from indelicacy, and many p:if- 

 fages of it are copied from Plautus. It was reprciented in 

 a very magnificent manner at Urbino, and afterwards at 

 Rome. Tiie artors were young men of rank, and tlie au- 

 thor is faid to have taken great pains in training the courtiers 

 to dramatic exercifes, which were performed under the occa- 

 fional infpeition of Leo, in the chasr.bers of the Vatican. 

 Ccp. Biog. 



Bibiena, Ferdinando-Galli, a celebrated pair.ttr and 

 architect, was born at Bologna, in 1657; and lofing his fa- 

 ther when very young, was placed under the direct'on of 

 Carlo C'ignani, who, obferving his talle for archittfture, ob- 

 tained for him the inilrutlion of Paradoffo, Aldrovandini, 

 and Manini, the bell mailers of that period for perfpedtive 

 and arcliiteclure. In conicquence of the recommendation of 

 Cignani, he was patronized by the prince of I'arma, who 

 employed !i;ra in executing a varieiy of decorations, and 

 ftttled upon him an annual penfion. For the dukes of Par- 

 ma, he painted the tcenes for Hin-o, tyrant of Syracufr, in 

 1685 ; for ThiiLJlrls in love with Alexandra, 1693 ; for 

 Dtmttrio tiranno, i6f'4 ; for Erarlfii, 1700; aiid iov J rivuli 

 giiurofo, in 1701. Irom Parma he went to M'lan, where, 

 in 1704, he painted the fcenes for L'yhiazz;;Ke Corfaru, and 

 thence went to Vienna, and was appointed painter and ar- 

 chifcdt to the emperor Charles VI., by whom he was highly 

 honoured and rewarded. He v.-as the inventor of tbofe woii- 

 dcrtul and magnificent fcenes which lliil decorate many thea- 

 tres in Italy; and pubhllied a book of inftrnciions for em- 

 bel'.ilhing theatres in genera). He alfo built leveral palaces. 

 He was alfo an excellent machinill, and tlie fo!e inventor and 

 diretlor of the folemn fellival machinery exhibited for the 

 biith of the archduke of Aullria, celebrated at La Fnvonlu, 

 near Vienna. 



He had a brother, Francis, of equal genius and fame, 

 and two fons worthy of fuch a father. It was Ferdinando 

 Bibiena Galli, who, quitting mythology and fantaftic forms, 

 gave true repreientations of nature; rapidity of change, in- 

 telligent dilpofiiion cf ligiit?, and above all, that great iielp 

 to illufion, the leaving lomcthing to the fpetlator's imagi- 

 nation. At length he loil his light by catarafts in his eyes, 

 and obtained leave to return to Italy, where be compofed 

 two volumes upon archilecfture for the inftruftion of young 

 perfons. He had feveral children, whom he educated to his 

 own art, and a conliderable number of fcholarp. Bibiena 

 die-d at Bologna, as fome fay, in 1741, and according to 

 others, in 1743. His eafel pitlures exhibit a noble and 

 elc-gant ordonnance, and an uncommonly beautiful tone of 

 colour. His perfpeflives have an allonifhing cffcft by judi- 

 cious maffes of light and fhadow ; and the veftiges of mag- 

 nificent buildings, which he happily introduces in his com.- 

 pofitions, add a cjchncfs and giandeur to all his performances. 



Bibiena, in Geography, a market-town of Italy, in the 

 duchy of Tufcany, and diflritt of Cafentino. 



BIBIG, a town of Egypt, two miles fouth of Fcium. 



BIB 10, ill Entomology, one of the Fabrician genera of 

 Antliata, and which in the Linria:an f) Hem forms a fcc- 

 tlon of the MusCA genus. Fabrlcius defines the generical 

 eharadcr of 'B'lh'i') from the fucker, feelers, and antennse. 

 The fucker coniift. of three britlles and a (heath of a fingle 

 valve; f^ciers viryihort; antennae conneCled at the bafe, 

 and pointed at the tip. Ent. Syft. See Muse A. 



B1B1TOR.Y Muscle. See Adductor Oru/.'. 



BIBLE, a book, by way of eminence fo called, contain- 

 ing the Scriptures, i. e. the writings of the Old and New 

 Tellament ; or the whole colleftion of thofe which are re- 

 ceived amonir ClirilHans as of divine authority. 



The word Bible comes from the Greek BioXix, or E«oai«, 

 ufed to denote any book ; but, bv way of eminence, applied 

 to the book of Scripture, which is " the bock," or " boo?: 

 of books," as being fuperior in excellence to all other books. 

 Bi^?iioy again comes from ^iZ\v, the Egyptian reed, from 

 which ttie ancient paper was procured. See Biblus. 



The word Bible feems to be ufed in the fenfe now fpeci- 

 fied by Chryfoilom (In Col. K. g. torn. xi. p. 391 ) : "I 

 therefore exhort all of you to procure to yourfelves Biblci 

 (,3i-?Xia). If you have nothing elfe, take care to have the New 

 Tellament, particularly the Acls of the Apostles, and the 

 Gofpeis, for ycnir conilant inflruilors. And Jerom l3ys(In If. 

 c. 29. torn. iii. p. 246.% " that the Scriptures being all writ- 

 ten by one Spirit, are one book." Auguiline alio informs us 

 (Enarr. in Pf. il. n. 2. torn, iv.), " that iome cahcd all the ca- 

 nonical Scriptures oncbook, on account cf tlieirwondertiilhar- 

 mony and unity of defign throughout." It is not imprub:ib!e, 

 that this mode of fpeaking gradually introduced tlie generil 

 ufe of the word " Bible" for the whole colletlion of 

 the Scriptures, or the books of the Old and New Teila- 

 ment. 



The Bible is known by various other appeilitions, as the 

 " Sacred Books," the" infpired Vv'ritings." " Holy Writ," 

 " Sacred Text," &c. By the Jews the Bible, i. c. the Old 

 Tellament, k called " Mikra," that is, leclurc, or reading ; 

 by the Chri.iians the Bible, comprehending the Old and 

 New Tellament, is ufu.illy denominated " Scripture," q. d. 

 writing ; fomet-'mes alfo the " Book of God," the " Ca- 

 non," "Rule of Faith," &c. Thefe, and fimilar appellations, 

 are derived from the opinion that has been entertained, in 

 fucceiTive ages, of the divine original and authority of the 

 Bible, and of its importaiiee and utility as a rule of faith and 

 direftoty of conduil. As it contains an authentic and cou- 

 nefted hillory of the divine dilpenlations with regard to 

 mankind ; as it lays claim to divine inlpiration ; as its chief 

 fubjedl is religion ; and as the doClrines it teaches, and the 

 duties it inculcates, pertain to the conduft of men, as ratio- 

 nal, moral, and accountable beings, and conduce by their 

 natural influence, as well as by a divine conllitwtion and pro- 

 mife, to their pi-cfent and fnt'ire Ir.ippinefs ; the Bible de- 

 ferves to be held in high ellimation, and amply jullifies the 

 fentiments of veneration with which it has been regarded, 

 and the peculiar and honourable appellations bv which it has 

 been denominated. See the fequel of this article. 



The lift of the books contained in the B.ble, is called the 

 canon of Scripture. See Canon. Thofe books that are con- 

 tained in the catalogue to which the name of canon has been 

 appropriated, are called canonical, by way of contradillinftion 

 from others called dcutero-cancnical, apocryphal, pfeudo- 

 apocryphal, &c., which either are not aeknowLdged as di- 

 vine books, or are rejedled as hcitiical and fpurious. See 

 Apocryphal. 



The 



