B I C 



BIBRICH, in Geoxrapby, a town of Germany, in the 

 circle of the Upper Rhine, and principality of NaiTau 

 Saarbriick Ufingen, 3 miles S.S.W. of Wifbaden. 



BIBROCI, in Ancient Cctj^raphy, an ancient people of 

 Britain, who are fuppofed to have occupied the fouth-eaft- 

 ern part of Berkfliire, from the Lodden on the weft to the 

 Thn-.nes on theeaft. Thtfe people undoubtedly came from 

 that part of Gaul, where the town Bibrax was fituated, and 

 their name leads us to the difcovcry of their origin, as well 

 as of the place of their rcfider.ce in this idand. It is not 

 certainly known when this colony of the Bibroci left their 

 native country, and fettled in Britain, though it is probable 

 that it was not bng before C^far's invafion, to whom, per- 

 haps, they were engaged to fubmit by the influence and ex- 

 ample of their friends and countr\-men in Gaul. As the 

 Bibroci were but a fmall nation, they feem to haye been 

 fubdued by fome of their neighbours before the invafion 

 of Claudius, and therefore they are no further mentioned in 

 hiftory. The name of the hundred of Bray, on the Thames, 

 near Maidenhead, is evidently derived from the name of thefe 

 ancient inhabitants ; as the ancient Bibracle, in France, 

 now bears the name of Bray. 



BICALCARATUS, in Zouh^y, a fpecies of Pavo, of 

 a brown colour, with the head llightly crefled, and two fpurs 

 on eacli leg. Gmclln. This \% pavo Ch'menfis of Briffon ; /' 

 cbtroumtr oi BurFon ; pct':l paon ile Malacca of Sonnerat ; 

 pcnc'icl: pl.'tafiwt oi Edwards ; and 'ins peacock of Latham. 



Thi:: fplendid bird is a native of China ; in point of lize 

 it lathtr exceeds the common pheafant, and has a blackifh 

 bill, with the bafe of the upper mandible red from the noi- 

 trils ; the irides are yellow ; creft fmall, though compofed of 

 fome pretty long feathers, and of a dull brown colour ; the 

 face is naked ; files of the head white ; neck brown, ftiiated 

 acrofs with duHiv ; upper parts of the back, fcapulars, and 

 wingcoverts dull brown, dotted with pale brown, and yel- 

 lowirti ; and near the end of each feather a rich and gloily 

 purple fpot, changeable to green, to blue, or gold, in dif- 

 ferent points of view ; lower part of the back and rump 

 brown, fpotted with white, and body beneath brown, ftri- 

 ated tranfverfely with black ; upper tail coverts longer than 

 the tail, and each marked with a fine purple fpot near the end, 

 encircled with black and orange ; legs and claws brown. 

 This is the dcfcription of the male. The female is one third 

 fmailer ; head, ntck, and upper parts brown ; head fmootli; 

 feathers on the upper pa.-ts marked with a dull blue 

 fpot, encircled with dull orange ; and the legs have no 

 ipurs. 



BICARI, in Gengrnphy, a river of Sicily, which runs 

 into the Termini, 2 m.iles weft: of Selafani. 



UICARINATA, in Zoology, a fpecies of Lacerta, 

 with cornpiefTed tail of moderate length, and carinated above; 

 on the back four rows of carinated fcales. This is of a grey- 

 i(h colour, and inhabits South America aiid India. Gmel. &c. 

 BICAUDALIS, in Analo'ny, an appellation given by 

 fome anatomiils to a mufcle of the external ear, ufnally deno- 

 minated the rclnrhrns, or relrahenla aiiris, which fee. 



BiCAUDALis, in IcIjthyoLgy, a fpecies of Ostracion, 

 of a triangular form, wirh two fub-caudal foines, and ten 

 rays in the dorfal fin. Gmclin. There is a fu])pofed variety 

 of this tiPi fomJ in India, and defcribed by Artedi, in which 

 the liody is tntlrcly covered with fpots and tubercle?. 



BICE, or BisE, among P.iin.'crs, a blue colour, prepared 

 from the htpis Armeiius, formerly brought from Armenia, 

 but now from the filver mines in Germany. Piiil. Tranf. 

 K' 179. p. 26. Dofiia, v. i. p. 9J. Bice is fmalt retlnced 

 to a tine powder by levigation See Smalt. 



The word comes from the barbarous Latin ii/us, or iijliis; 

 and that, perhaps, from the French l'''s,grey,gri/!::s ; whence 



B I C 



lifus panis. Vide Du-Cange, Gloff. Lat. torn. 1. p. 5^5. 

 Skin. Etym. in voc. 



Bice bears the bed body of all bright blues, ufed in com.- 

 mon work ; but is the paleft in colour. It works indiffer- 

 ently well ; but inclines a little to be fantly, and therefore 

 requires good grinding on a very hard ftone, and (liould be 

 waflicd before it is ufed. It lies bell near the eye of any blue 

 now in life, except ultramarine. Its goodiiefs lies in the bright- 

 nefs and coolnef". It was formerly ufed in oil, and more fre- 

 quently in water colours; but it is now much out of ufe. We 

 have alfo a green bice, made of the blue, with the addition of 

 orpimcnt;and feveral compofitions of indigo and verditer, with 

 chalk and other cheap fubftances, are fold under the name 

 of bice. 



BICE, in the Mythology of the Hindoos, the name of one 

 of their Cads, proceeding from Brahma, the immediate 

 agent of the creation, under the fupreme power. It derives 

 its appellation from the belly or thighs, and denotes nourilh- 

 ment, and it was defined by its founder to provide the neccf- 

 faries of life by ngriculture and truiFic. 



BICEPS, from Its and caput, in Anatomy, is a name com- 

 mon to feveral mufeles, which confift of two diftlnil portion?, 

 called heads. Tliofe which are commonly known at prtfent 

 by that appellation are the foUov/ing. 



Bici;rs_}?.-.vor ciihilt. The longer portion, or head, of this 

 mufcle, arifes by a tendon from the upper part of the glenoid 

 cavity of the fcapula ; it then pafits through the (houldtr 

 joint, and dcfctnds in the groove in the upper part of the os 

 brachii, afterwards the flcfhy fibres begin to be attached to 

 it. The fhorter portion arifes tendinous and flcfhy from the 

 coracoiJ proct.fs of the fcapul.i, in common with the cora- 

 co-brae'iiialis mufcle ; a little below the" middle of the os 

 brachii, the heads unite and form a bulky mulcle, the fibres 

 of which terminate below in a ftrong roundidi tendon, 

 which is inftrted into a tubercle, at the upper end of tiie 

 radius, at that part which is next to the ulna. At the com- 

 mencement of the lower tendon of this mufcle, an aponeu- 

 rofis is fent off from it, which foon expands into the fafcia 

 of the fore-arm. \ 



The ufes of this mufcle are numerous, and the confidera- 

 tion of them affords a good demonllratiou of the impropriety 

 of denominating a mulcle from any fiiigle office which it may 

 ferve, as it tends to limit our ideas of its utility. The adtioii 

 of this mufcle tightens the fafcia of the fore arm ; it turns 

 t!ie hand fuplne ; it bends the joint of the elbow; it raifes 

 the arm towards the (hou'der ; and occafionally it brings the 

 bones of the d.oulder to the arm. 



Biceps /?^.v5;- cruris. The long portion, or head, of this 

 mufcle ariles, in common v.-'th the fcmi-tcndinofus, from the 

 uppsr and back part of the tuberofity of the os ifchium ; the 

 fiiort portion aiifes from the linca afpcra on the back part of 

 the thigh-bone. Thefe two portions having conjoined, produce 

 a ftrong tendon a little above the external condyle of the os 

 femoris, which forms the onter ham ftring, and which is at- 

 tached to the upper part or head of the fibula. The chief ufe 

 of this mufcle is to bend the leg upon the thigh, and when it 

 is brought into that fituation, to turn the leg outwards. 



BICESTER, in Geography, a market-town of Oxford- 

 fliire, England, is fituated in a valley on the banks of a 

 fmall river, which fails into the Charwell, at.Iflip. It is a 

 large refpeftable town, divided into two parts, called Market- 

 end, a parilh, and Kings-end, a hamlet. This place and its 

 vicinity have been poiTeffed by the Romans, as its name im- 

 plies; and many Roman coins, and other memorials of that 

 people, have been difcovered here and at Alceder, or Old 

 Cheder, at different times. The embankments at the latter 

 place are nearly obliterated by the plough ; but from tlie 

 name, and the antiquities that have been found, it fcems evi- 



dently 



