B I S 



fcmon. And after be at the hycli malTe ; and cncli of 

 them oTcr a penr.y to il;c ch -'(If bidiop, and wit!i them the 

 ■maificr* rtnd iiirv yors of the fcolc-." 



Tliis fiagular ciOo-n wn', however, prohibited in tlie 

 council of 6eii8. A. D. 14^(5 : and, not fo inuch for its fn- 

 pcrllition as its Lvitv :;iid •.i!)fiirdity, was abrogated in thin 

 country by kiiijr Henry VII I. m 1542, the words of whofe 

 proclamation rr?y be fecn in Mr. Warton's HiHor)- of Ent;- 

 l!(h Poetry, vohiii. p 3:2. But queen Mary, wlio wtii 

 the catlioHc litiir^v rc'Vired a!i the pageaistries of popery to 

 •their arcient fplendour, revived tlic nmmmery before u? ; 

 and on Nov 13, 155.1, an cdiiSl was iiTncd by tlie bifliop of 

 London to ;dl the clergy of his dioccfe, to have a loy-bi/hcp 

 in procifr Ml, 



Wc n ed hardly ad:', that on the accifTion of E'izabcth, 

 this fiUy mockery was fct nfide ; but Mr. Warton was in- 

 dined to think, that the praftice of our plays btirg acled 

 by the choir-boys of St. Paul's church and the chapel 

 royal, which co:itiniied till Cromwell's ufurpation, miiijht 

 be dfUiced from iIk miflrrits and moralilies wh'ch attended 

 the ridiculous feftival ot St. Nicolas. See the Ncrlhumber- 

 land Ho'jf.hold B )nk, p. 440. Drake's Eboracum, p. 481. 

 Warton's Hift. of Eug. Po.-try, i. 248. ii. 375. 3H9. iii. 302. 

 303. 32 '. Proci-fTionale Eccl. Sarum, edit. Rothom. 155J. 

 Dugda'c's Hill, of St. Paul's, 205, 206. Anilis Ord. 

 Gart. ii. 309. Knight's Life of Dean Cokt, p. 362. 

 Hawkin's Hi!t. of Mufic, ii. J. Strype's Ecclef. Mem. iii. 

 2C2. ci'i. XXV. 20J, 206. ch. xxvi. Dugd. Monall. iii. 169, 



Bishop, card'mrtl, a biHiop in chief, or in cap'ile. St. 

 Gregory fomctim"s ufes th:- term for a proper bilhop. An- 

 cieatty ther.; were alfo bifhops, who by a peculiar privilige 

 frqm the holy fee, were ranked, and had a feat among the 

 cardinal^. 



Bishops, cathedral, was alfo a title given to the proper 

 bifhops, by way of diftinftion from the chorepifcop't. 



Bishops, comnifulalory, or bifliops " in commendam," 

 are cardinals not of the order of bifhops, or other prelates, 

 wiio yet hold bilhoprics " in commendnm." The appella- 

 tion had its orign during the refidence of the papal lee at 

 Avignon, whence fcarce any cardinal, prieft, or deacon, 

 was created, who hrld not one, two, three, or more bifliop- 

 rics ii commeidan. Du-Cange. 



Bishop defi^ned, eplfcopiis dcf>gnaUis, denoted a coadjutor 

 of a biliop, who, in virtue of his office, is to fucceed at the 

 incuT>bent's death. 



BisH07-f/iv7, is he who has the king's nomination, with 

 the fanftion of the chapter ; but without confccration. 



Bishops, exempt, thofe freed from the jurifdiftion of the 

 metropolitan, and immediately fubjeft to the fee of Rome 

 filone. 



BisHQP of the palace, efifcopus palatii, was probably the 

 fame v/ith biiliop of the kin'/'s chapel, a title in the court 

 of Bohemia. Du Cange. It was alfo a title given thofe 

 bi:hops, who, by llbcn-.e of the pope dv>'elt iu palaces of 

 ki.ngs, to be iu readincfs for fpiritual fervice and council in 

 church matters. 



Bishop cf the prime fee, denoted a " pri:nate," othei-wife 

 denominated a " feuior bifliop." See Phimate. 



Bishop m partihus iiifiihliiim, he who is dignified with 

 the title of a bilhopric, whofe didrift or dioccfe is in the 

 poflinion of infidels or heretics. By the canon law, a bifli )p 

 in partlbiii is qualified hereby to be a coadjutor of anotl.cr 

 bilhop. The denomination tock its piV from the expul!i<in 

 of tht. biihops and clergy out of the Holy Land by the Sa- 

 raccns ; when flying into Italy for Ihctter, coadjutories were 

 giveo them for their fubfiftenc*. 



B I S 



Bishops, rcricrary. See P. 1: g i o !<• A r y. 



Bishops, rural. See Chorepiscopus. _ 



Viii HOT B, fufra^an, arc coadjutors or afTiftants of dio- 

 csfan biihops, authorifed by commiffion from them. 



Bishops, va^'ue,'thij(e without any diocefc, fometlmeR 

 attendant in camps, or in foreign cour.tries, for the convcr- 

 fiou of infidels. The like vague biihops were fomttimts 

 alfo granted by popes to moi'.allcries, exempt from the ju- 

 rlfdidioii of the diocefan, where th;y performed all the epif- 

 cooal fundions. Du-Cangc. 



Bishop, i/nivirf.il, or catholic, is a title given to the pa- 

 triarch of Armenia. 



Bishop of the ratlo'ic or univrrfal church, a title fome- 

 tlmrs alfumed by th.c popes. 



Bishop of iijiopi, was a title anciently given to the pre- 

 lates of fo'nc of the greater an '. more honourable fe 's, as 

 Jcrufalem and Rom». The firil wlto had the title was 

 James, bilhop of Jerufalcm. SrTiie will iiav^ the appellation 

 to have been common to all bidiops. 



Bishops, in the Lutheran Church, are thofe more ufuallf 

 czVinA fuperintciid.nts, which fee. 



The CalviniiU allow of no other biihops befides prefbyters; 

 but the Lutherans make fome diftinftion, and give a fuperi- 

 ority or pre-eminence over the reft, of their " biihops," '* I'u- 

 perintcndents," or " overfeers." 



Bish'jP is alfo a quality fometimes attributed to fecular 

 princes, in refpefl of their fuprem^cy or jurifdidlion in mat- 

 ters belonging to religion. See Slphemacy. In this fenfe 

 it is that the emperor Conftantine, in a letter to the biihops 

 in his dominions, calls himfelf " common bifli ip," as being 

 in fome refpedls general bilhop of the whole Roman 

 world. 



Bishop of the Jeius, the head of that people in Eng- 

 land, chofen by ttiemfelves, to whom they fubmitted to be 

 judged and governed according to their law. Prideaux's 

 Conneft. part ii. lib. v. p. 478. This officer, whii;h fub-- 

 filled under our Nnrman kings, and was licenfed by them, 

 anfvvcrcd to th- iEcH malotarchs in Babylon, and the 

 Alabarchs in Egypt. 



Bishops at chefs, a kind of pieces, the third in rank, 

 below queens, but above knights, dilHnguilhed by their 

 cloven heads. In Latin writers of the ni'dd'e age, the bi- 

 ftiop is called alphinui ; and by the French k fou, \.)\efaol or 

 madman. See C h E s s . 



Bishop'j Court. See Court. 



Bishop'/ y?f, or feat, originally denoted the throne or 

 chair in the church where the bilhop fat. It was alfo deno- 

 minated Apsis. 



BrsHOp'sy-r alfo denotes the city or place where the re- 

 fidence of the bilh p is fixed. 



Every bifhop's fee was anciently calle'd " fedes apofto- 

 lica ;" though the appellation has lince been rcftrained to 

 the fee of Rome. 



Anciently bifhops feem to have had a right in England to 

 fit as judges in the hundred and county-ccurts. In after- 

 times, they were forbid to lit in fecular coi^rts, and had fe- 

 parate courts crefted for them ; which proved an occafion 

 of much difpute between the two jurifdiftions. No church 

 tenant might be fued in any court but the bifhop's. There 

 are alfo traces of a feparate court of tht bifhops much ear- 

 lier, among our Saxon anccfloro in the eightli century. The 

 regard borne to the chai-adter of billiops, made them the 

 common arbitrator* even of fecular caufes : they had the 

 cognizance of dl caufes concerning 1-ands in " frank- 

 almoign ;" and for ccclefiaftics, were judges even in capital 

 caufes. 



Bishop's weed, ia Botany. See Ammi. 



2 BiSMap, 



