B I V 



BITURIGES CuBi, in ylncieiit Ge/fgraphy, tlie name of 

 8 people who occupied a confiderable part of Aquitaiiia Pii- 

 ina, and who had been much more powerful before Ccefar's 

 conquell of Gaul, than they were afterwards. Livy fays, 

 that, in the time of I'arquin, they commanded the whole 

 portion ot Gaul called Celtic. Their capital was denomi- 

 nated j^^'aricum, which fee. In the time of Cxfar, thefe 

 people loll their power, and became fuhjeit to tlie .^dui, 

 or at lead were reduced to the necefTity of putting them- 

 felves under their proteftion. 



BiTURiGEs Vivlfci, a people who inhabited the fouthern 

 part of Aquitania Secunda, and are luppofcd to have de- 

 rived their origin from the Bituriges Cubi. Their capital 

 was Burd'igala ; which fee. 



BITURIS, a town of Hifpania Tarragonenfis, in the 

 country of the Vafcones. Ptolemy. 



BITYLA, a town of the Peloponnefus, not far from the 

 Melfenian gulf, S. W. of Sparta. 



BITZLEER, LiwA, \x\ Biography, a celebrated Jew'ifh 

 rabbi, who flourifiied in Bohemia about the clofe of the fix- 

 teeuth century. He converfed with the emperor Rodol- 

 phus, and he was fo famous, that the Jews faid of him, that 

 all Ifrael drank of his waters, and walked by his light. He 

 founded the academy, called Klaufc, in 1592, which ac- 

 quired fuch I'epulation in his time, that it drew a vaft con- 

 courfe of difciples to him. He was chofen at lall fuperin- 

 tendant of all the fynagogues in Poland. 



BIVALVE, ttvo-vcdvtd, in Couchology, bivalviE conchx, 

 one of the three principal fcAions, into whicli all tellaceous 

 animals are divided. The Linnxan genera of bivalve fhells 

 are mya, folen, tellina, cardium, madira, donax, venus, 

 fpondylus, chama, area, oftrea, anomia, mytilus, and pinna. 

 The arrangement of bivalves by Cuivier, Lamarck, and 

 other late naturalills, differs materially from that of Linn<EUS 

 and Gmelin. See Conchology. 



Bivalve is alfo applied, in Botany, to the filiqutt, or 

 feed-pods, of fuch plants as open their whole length to dif- 

 chavge their feeds. Such are peas, beans, &c. which the 

 botanifts fay, have bivalve or bivalvular fdiquK. 



BIVAT, in Conchology, the name given by Adanfon to 

 the fhell called by Limucus (Syft. Nat. edit. 10.) murexfca- 

 brhifculus ; and volula tancellata. Gmelin. 



BlVENTER, from h'ts and venter, in Anatomy, a name 

 given to mufcles that have two flefliy portions, which were 

 called bellies, and one tendon. Such mufcles are alfo called 

 ei'igajlric. The term biventer has been applied to a mufcle 

 of the lower jaw and os hyoides, which is dclcribed under 

 its more common title of digqjlrlciis. Albinus alio denomi- 

 nates a portion of the mufculus compkxus of the neck, bi- 

 venter cervicis. See CoMPLExus. 



BIVERI, in Geography, a lake of Sicily, near Lentini, 

 ■which, in fummer and autumn, renders the fituation of this 

 town very unwholcfome. The waters of this lake, and of 

 the neighbouring marflies and ponds, abound with eels and 

 tench, of the roes of which the fifliermen make a large quan- 

 tity of botarga, a fpecies of caviar ; it is very fait, and has 

 the talle of tar, but is much rclifhed by the Sicilians. 



BIVINCO, the principal place of a canton, in the de- 

 partment of Golo, and illand of Corfica, the population of 

 which confills of 1573 perfons. 



BIVIO. Sec Bevio. 



BIVITTATUS, in Entomohgv, a fpecies of Scarab.e- 

 tjs [Mclclontha), that inhabits Bralil. It is yellow and stvy 

 gloffy ; on the head and thorax two common ftripes, and 

 many abbreviated green llrix on the wing-cafes. Svvederus, 

 Nov. Afl. Stockh. 



BiviTTATus, a fpecies of CuRCULio, found in SuTho- 



B r X 



mas's ifland. It is black ; wing-cafes ftriated with dots ; 

 marginal and dorfal interrupted ilripe of yellow. Fabricius. 



BlUMBRES, from Lis, Joiibk, and iiuilra, Jhaclo-'j:, in 

 Geography, an appellation given to the inhabitants of the 

 torrid zone, becaufe at two different feafons of the year, 

 their Ihadows are projefted two different ways. 



The biumbres are the fame with thofc otherwife denomi- 

 nated amphifcti. 



BIUMI, Paul Jr.ROM, m Biography, born at Milan in 

 1663, iludied medicine at Padua, where he was admitted to 

 the degree of dotlor in 1685. Returning thence to Milan, 

 he foon acquired fo much fame for his learning and fkill in 

 his profelUon, that in 1699 he was made profeifor of ana- 

 tomy there, in which fituation he continued to the time of 

 his death, in 173 1. He was author of feveral works, of 

 which the following are moll known : " Encomiafticon 

 lucis, feu luc;s encomia in phyfiologicis medicina: novx fuii- 

 damentis e vcterum tenebris erutis, atque cultro anatomico, 

 autopiixque caradere confirmatis," Mcdiol. 1701, 4to. 

 " Scrutinio di Notomia e di Cirurgia," Milan, 1712, 

 8vo. Haller. Bib. Anat. ct Med. Eloy. Dirt. Hill. 



BIVONA, in Geography, a town in the kingdom of Na- 

 ples, and province of Calabria Ultra, 10 miles N.E. of Ni- 

 cotera. 



BIXA, in iJofany. Lin. gen. 654. Reich. 710. Schrcb. 

 S87. Juff. 293. Grertn. t. 61. Clafs and order, poJyandria 

 monogyn'ta. Nat. Ord. cohmn'ifern: ; til'iacen:, Jnff. Gen. 

 Char. Cal. perianth five-toothed, very fmall, obtufe, flat, 

 permanent. Cor. double ; outer with petals five, oblong, 

 equal, large, more rude ; inner with five petals like the 

 outer, but thinner. Siam. filaments numerous, fetaceous, 

 ftiorter by half than the corolla ; anthers ereft. P'[j}. germ 

 ovate ; llyle filiform, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma pa- 

 rallely bifid, compreflcd. Per. capfule ovate-cordate, com- 

 preficd, fenced with briftles, bivalve, gaping at the angles, 

 one-celled, with an inner bivalve membrane. Seeds nume- 

 rous, turbinate, with a truncated navel, berried. Rec. Linear, 

 longitudinal, faftened to the middle of the valves. 



Eff. Char. Cor. ten-petalled. Cal. five-toothed. Capf. 

 hifpid, bivalve. 



Species, i. B. OreUana, arnotto, or anotta. Lin. Spec. 

 730. Reich. 2. 580. Hort. Cliff. 211. Mat. Med. 135. 

 Girtn. frurt. i. 29Z. Brown, jam. 254. B. Oviedi, 1. 8. 

 c. 6. Bauh. Hill. i. 440. Ciuf. e.xot. 74. Orleana f. 

 Orellana. Pluk. pliyt. t. 209. f. 4. Comm. Hort. i. 6^. 

 t. 33. Rocu. Merian. furin. t. 44. LTrucu. Fifo 133. 

 Sloan, jam. 2. 52. t. 181. f. i. Pigmentaria. Rumph. 

 Amb. 2. 79. t. 19. Arbor Mcxiocana, fruclu caftanere, 

 coccifera. Bauh. pin. 419. Raii hift. 177 1. AchiotL 

 Hernandez. Mexic. 74. This (hrub rifes with an upright 

 (lem to the height of eight or ten feet, fending out many 

 branches at top, which form a regular head. Thefe are 

 garniflicd with heart-diaped leaves, ending in a point, which 

 have long footftalks, and come out without any order. The 

 flowers arc produced in loofe panicles at the end of the 

 branches, of a pale peach colour, having large petals. A na- 

 tive both of the Eall and Well Indies. Introduced here in 

 1690 by Mr. Bentick. 



Linnreus has r.dopted the South American vernacular 

 name of bixa from Oviedo ; and it is known by the fame 

 name in Holland, Denmark, and other northern countries. 

 In Holland it is likevvife called Orleane ; in German, Anot- 

 ta, Si'c. In England this name is adopted, but its ortho- 

 graphy is various, as Arnotto, Arnotta, Anotta, Anato, Ano- 

 to, and Annoto. The French have adopted the Brafilian name, 

 Uruhn, or LIrucu, fpelling it Roucouyer, Roucou, or 

 llocurier des Indcs, The Portuguefe have alfo the fame 

 3 T 2 appellation 



