B L A 



B L A 



BttLCK-eye, hypafpha^ma, in Mcdiclm, a ruffufion of blood 

 on tlie tunica adnata, turning livid, occailoned by a blow. 

 See EccHYMOsis. 



B L A c K -faced bunting of Latham , in Ornithology, is Emberlza 

 qutha of Gmtlin. 



ViLhCK-facedJincli of the Arftic Zoology, is Fringilla cnf- 

 tala ot Gmeliii. 



UtACK-Jaced ilns of Latham, is Tantalus rmlanopis of Gme- 

 Ln. 



Black-/5/S, in Ichthyolo^f, the name U'.ider which Silurui 

 anguUlaris is defcribed in Ruflel's " Hill, of Aleppo." This 

 fifti has a i'lngle dorfal fin containing feventy ray?, and eight 

 beards at the mouth, nam'ly, two on the upper lip, four on 

 the lower one, and two on each fide of the mouth. There 

 is likewife a kind of p^Tch mentioned by Borlafe as being 

 found in the rivers of Cornwall, which he calls the black 

 fifh. Pennant fpeaks of it on the authority of that writer; 

 and Gmelin, after him, gives it as a Ipecies with fome doubt. 

 This fpecies meant by Borlafe is certainly ambiguous. See 

 Perca Nigra. 



BLACK-/?y, in Agriculture, an infect of the beetle tribe, 

 that often commits great devaltation among turnip and 

 other crops, deftroyiag the young plants, by feeding upon 

 their feed-leaves the moment they are protruded and appear 

 above ground. Different remedies have been propofed for 

 the prevention of the deilruftive ravages of this mfeft on 

 turnips, but few of tliem have been attended with much 

 fuccefs. The bell method is probably that of fowing the 

 feed at fuch a fcafon, and under fuch circumftances, as that 

 its early vegetation may be quick and uninterrupted, and 

 thereby allow little time for the iiifcfts to feed upon the 

 plants, before they become in broad leaf, and capable of 

 refifting its injurious attacks. See Fly and Turnips. 



BLACK-Jly-calcier of Latham, in Ornithology, is Mufcicapa 

 luzonienjis of Gmelin. 



BLACK^r/y?, mountains «/". in Geography, called in Ger- 

 man Schwartz .vald, extend from near Neuenburg, in the 

 territories of Wurtemburg, fouth to the fourforeft towns on 

 the Rhine. The fouthern part is called the high, and the 

 northern the lower fcrell ; the length being about So Britifh 

 miles. To the eaft the Necker may be confidered as a 

 boundary, and the breadth may be computed at about 20 

 Eritilh miles. The eailern part prefents a gradual eleva- 

 tion, while the weftern exhibits precipitous fummits to the 

 inhabitants of Baden and Alface. The appellation feems 

 to be derived from the thick dark fortfts with which the 

 afcents are clothed. Befides pailurage, the inhabitants, 

 partly fubjeft to Aullria, and partly to Wurtemburg, 

 derive advantage from the refin of the pines, and the 

 timber, of which they make all kinds of utenfils. Some 

 parts are cultivated by fpreading branches of pine, covered 

 with fod, which, being burnt, affords an excellent manure, 

 that prepares the ground for four abundant harvcils. A 

 branch of the black mountains fpreads call from near Sulz, 

 on the Necker, towards the county of Oclingen, being 

 more than 60 miles in length. This chain is called the 

 Alb, and fometimes the Suabian Alps. Bufching traces 

 this ridge from the north-eaft, the fource of the Brcnz, to 

 the well of the Nerefheim, by Wifenfleig, where the moun- 

 tains are higheft. Thence they turn north-well to Gutten- 

 btrg, and weft to Neilfen, whence they pafs by Hohenzol- 

 lern to the Necker, then bend fouth and well between that 

 river and the Danube. Bulching adds, that as this ciiain 

 rifes infenf;bly at Konigfbrown north-eall, fo it gradually 

 terminates at Ebingen fouth-weft. The principal fummits 

 a"e in the north and well of the ridge ; and the forefts are 



chiefly beech ; while the open fpaces fupply padurage for 

 numerous flocks of Iheep. Of thefe two extcniive ridges of 

 mountains, the Black foreft, and the Alb, a coiifiderabic 

 portion pervades the duchy of Wurtemburg ; and near Stut- 

 gard, the capital, are the mountains of Boyferfteig, Wein- 

 iteig, and Hafenfteig. The conftituent parts of thefe ex- 

 tcniive ridges have been little detailed ; but a great part is 

 calcareous, as they fupply excellent marbles. Near Fru- 

 denftadt, in the black mountair^s, are mines of filver and 

 copper. 



V>LACS.-forj!ed pinguin, or penguin, lejfcr pinguin, cape pin- 

 guin, Sc. in Ornithology, are different Enghlh nam^^s of an 

 individual fpecies of Aptenod VTA in the works of Edwards, 

 Latham, &c. Gm.elln names this bird fpecifically demerfa. 



BLA'CK-/t.v, in '/.oology. See Canis Lycaon. 



Y>i.\QY^-fronted Jly-catcher of Latham, in Ornithology, is 

 Mufcicapa nigrifrons of Gmelin. 



V>i.hCKfryers, in Ecclefiaflical Hiflory, a name given to 

 the Dominican order, called alfo Predicants and Preaching 

 fryers ; in France, Jaeobins, 



Bi.kcv.-gam!, in Ornithology. See VthkCK-Coch. 



BLACK-_fra/}, in Agriculture, a fpecies of American grafs, 

 glowing in meadows which border on tide-rivers, well fup- 

 plied alfo with frelh water ; for a mixture both of frefh and 

 ialt water feems to be neceffary for its prohfic vegetation. 

 Its feeds are fmall, like thofe of tobacco ; its colour a deep 

 green ; and it affords from three to four tons of hay by the 

 acre. This kind of grafs thrives beft on a clay or ftrong 

 loam ; nor is the vicinity of fait water abfolutely neceffary. 

 The feeds have been lately brought over into England, and 

 diftributed for trial in proper foils. 



'&i.kZK-groPeal of Edwards, in Ornithology, and the An- 

 gola grojheah of Latham are the fame ; Loxia angoknfts of 

 Gmelin. — Ohf. The Mack grofbeak of Latham is another 

 bird ; Loxia nigra of Gmelin. 



V>hhCK-gu:llemot of Pennant and other Englifh writers of 

 the prefcnt times, is the Greenland dove orfea-turtle of AJbin, 

 Ray, Willughby, and Colymbus grylle of Linnseus. 



V>i.ACK.-hcaded bunting of Latham, is Emberiza melanoce- 

 phiila of Scopoli. 



Blac K-headed creeper of Latham, and the Green black-cap 

 fly-calcher of Bancroft, are of the fame fpecies, the latter 

 being only a variety of the firft. Linnasus calls thi? kind 

 Molacillafpiza. 



JjLACK-headed duck of Shaw's travels, has been fincc 

 named the Damialta duck by Latham, and Anas Dam'iatica 

 by Gmelin in the I^inn. Syil. Nat. — The variety of Anas 

 Lojchas, or ii'ild duck, called nigra, from having the head and 

 collar black, might be alfo called the black-headed duck. 



BLACK-/ir-a^.W_/Kc^of Latham, is Frirgilla melanocephalaol 

 Gmelin. 



B L A c v.-headedfy-catcher, of Arclic Zoology ; and black -cap 

 fy-catcher of Catelby, is the mufcicapa f if ca of Gmelin. 



BhALV.-headed grojbeak of Latham, is loxia eryihromelas of 

 Gmelin. 



Y>\.AQ% -headed gull, the Englifli name of larus rub!- 

 eundus. The fame bird is alfo called the pcu-'it black-cap, 

 ovfea erozu, by Ray and Willughby. 



Bi- AC K.- headed Indian ifferus of Albin and Edwards, is 

 flurnus luteolus of the tenth edition of the Linn. Svft. Nat. 

 and oriolus melanocephalus of Gmelin. 



Y>\.AZ\k.-headed nut-hatch, a variety of the coir.mon nut- 

 hatch found in Carolina and Jamaica. Buffon and Arft. 

 Zool. Sitla Europea of Gmelin. 



'^\^ACV.-headed plover of Latham, is chctradrius ms.'^- 

 nocephaliu of Gmdin. 



3U 2 Black- 



