B L A 



bladder is given vvitli that of the kidneys snd other urinary 

 organs. See Kidney. 



Bladder, Difcafcs of the, in Surgery. This 'vifcus 

 being fuppllcd with nerves, blood-vetTels, abforbents, and 

 iiiufcular fibres, will be ncceff;\rily liable to all the coni- 

 mon diforders of foft parts ; fuch as tvoutii/s, injliimmalion, 

 uLeratlon, gangrene, po^fy-i contradion, etilaUUion, rupture, &c. 

 But, belides thefe afFcciions, the bladder is fnbjett to other 

 morbid changes, which occur very rarely or not at all in 

 moll other parts of the body. It is fometimes included 

 among the contents of a htniiary fac. See Hern'ia. Par- 

 tial bags, or facculi may hkeiviie form in the coats of the 

 bladder, fo as to retain one or more calculous bodies gene- 

 rated in the uiine. Sec Calculus, Cystotomy, Litho- 

 tomy, and Stone. Fungous, painful, and -dangerous ex- 

 crefcences arife alfo on the inner furfacc of this organ, which 

 are frequently denominated aihccrs, and are perhaps equally 

 fatal in their confequences. Thefe diforders v/il', in gene- 

 ral, produce either a retention or a preternatural evacuation 

 of urine, and req\iire a peculiar plan of treatment adapted to 

 the diverfity of fymptoms. See Urine, Retention of, &c. 

 &c. 



Bladders, vcfculit, m Botany, a kind of air-bags found 

 in fome fpecies ot fucus. 



Vegetable bladders are found every where, in the flruc- 

 ture of the bark, the fruit, pith, and parenchyma, or pulp; 

 befides thofe morbid ones raifed on the furfacc of leaves by 

 the punfture of infefts. 



IjhM>Dt?^, fzuimining. See Ai%-HaiiiLr. 



Bladders, oil, in the Anatomy of Plants. See Oil- 

 lilaJJers. 



Bladder, puceron, in Entomology. See Chermes. 



Bladder-«u/, in Botany. See Staph yl^a. 



BLADDER-«a/, African. See Royj-.na. 



BiADDER-na/, laurel-leaved. See Holly. 



BLADDERyJ'/w. See Colutea. 



"BLADD^RfhapeJ, inflatus, denotes inflated or diftendcd 

 like a blown bladder ; fuch are the cup of the bladder 

 campion, and the bloffom of the fig-wort. 



Bladder-_/^ou/. See Utricularia. 



BLADDER-it'orf, common. See Utricularia. 



BLADE, in Agriculture, a fpire of grafs, or green ftioot 

 of corn. 



Blade, in Anatomy. See SH0ULDER-M7</(f. 



Blade of an Ancb-.r, denotes that part of the arm on 

 which the palm is Ihut. 



Blade, in Commerce, a thin flender piece of metal, either 

 forged by the hammer, or run and cad in moulds, to be af- 

 terwards (harpened to a point, edge, or the like. Sword- 

 blades are made by the armourers, kmfe-blades by the cut- 

 lers, i<.c. The Englifh and Damafcus blades are moll 

 eftecmed. Among the French, thofe of Vienne and Dau- 

 phiny have the preference. The conditions of a good blade 

 of a fniall fword are, that it be light and tough, apter to 

 bend than break. When it will itand in the bend, it is 

 called a poor ?iian's hlaite. 



Blade of a Chi/fel, is the iron or ftecl part, as dillin- 

 guiflied from the wooden handle. 



Blade of Miice, or cinnamon, among apothecaries, are 

 little flips or dices of thofe barks. 



Blade of an Oar, is that part which is plunged into the 

 water in rowing. On the length of this do the force and 

 tfl'eiil of the oar, in a great meafure, depend. 



Blade of a Su-w, the thin part wherei'.i the teeth are cut, 

 which, to be good, muft be Ihff, yet bend equally i*ito a re- 

 gular bow all the v.ay, without yielding more in one place 

 than another. 



Vol. IV. 



B L iE 



BLAOE-m///, is that contrived for grinding i-on 'ools, ai 

 fcythes, reaping hooks, axes, chiffeh, and the hke, to a 

 bright edge. 



B LADED, in PFeralJry, is a term ufed when the ftalk 

 or blade of any kind of grain or corn is borne of a colour 

 different from that of the ear or fruit : thus, argent an ear 

 of -wheat or b laded vert. 



BLADEN, in Geography, a county of North Carolina, 

 in the dillrift of Wilmington ; having 5084 inhabitants, in- 

 cluding 1676 flaves. 



BLADENSBURG, a poft town of 7\merica, in Piince 

 George county, Maryland, on the eatlcrn bank of the eall- 

 ern branch of Potowmack river, at the confluence of the 

 N.W. and N.E. hi-anches, 9 miles from its mouth at the 

 Federal city, 38 S.W. from Baltimore, and 12 N.E. from 

 Alexandria, in Virginia. It contains about 150 houfes. 



BLADHIA, iii Botany, fo named by Thunbcrg, from 

 Peter John Bladh, a Swede, rcfident at Canton. Lin. gen. 

 Schreb. n. 370. Thunb. nov. gen. 6. fl. jap. 7. Clafs and 

 order, penlaiulria monogynin. Gen. Char. Cal. perianth one- 

 leafed, very fhort, permanent, live-parted ; parts ovate, 

 concave, fpreading, torn-fubferrate. Cor. one-petallcd, 

 wheel-fhaped, five-paited ; parts ovate, obtufe, fpreading. 

 Slam, filaments five, very (liort ; anthers heart-fhaped, acute, 

 converging into a cone ; (liorter than the corolla. Pij). genn 

 fuperior ; flyle filiform, longer than the corolla ; ftigma 

 fimple, acute. Per. berry globofe, crowned by the perma- 

 nent flyle, one-celled. Seed fingle, globofe, involved in a 

 membrane. 



EfT. Char. Cor. wheel-flwped, deciduous. Berry contain- 

 ing one arilled feed. 



Species, i. V>. japonica. Lin. Syll. 236. Thunb. jap. 95. 

 t. 18. Koempf. Amocn. 5. 776. (Qjiackitz.) " Leaves 

 ferrate fmooth." 2. B. -villofa. Lin. Syll. 237. Thunb. 

 jap. 96. t. 19. " Leaves ferrate, villofe." 3. B. crifpa. 

 Lin. Syft. 237. Thunb. jap. 97. Kccmpf. An'.oen. 5. 776. 

 2. ic. feledl. t. 7. " Leaves oblong, curled, fmooth." All 

 thefe are natives of Japan. Thunberg has another fpecies 

 among his obfcure plants, jap. p. 350. Martyn. 



BLADUM, in Middle Age Writers, is taken for all forts 

 of Handing corn in the blade and ear. Tlie word is alfo 

 written hlatiim, blava, and blavium. In our old charters, 

 the word bladum included the whole produft of the ground, 

 fruit, corn, flax, grafs, &c. and whatever was oppoled to 

 living creatures. The word bladum was fometimes alio ap- 

 plied to all forts of grain or corn threfhed on the floor : tria 

 qnarleria frumenli, tria quarteria avenarum, Ijf unum quart:- 

 rium fabarum, erunt quieti de folulione prtrdiai bladi in perpe- 

 tuiim. But the word was more peculiarly appropriated to 

 bread corn, or wheat, called in French ble. Thus the 

 Knigits Templars are faid to have granted to fir Wido de 

 Meriton's wife dum fummas bladi. Rennet's Paroch. Ant. 

 and Du-Cange. 



Hence bladarius denotes a com-monger, meal-man, or 

 corn-chandler ; and it is ufcd in our records for fuch a retailer 

 of corn. Pat. i. Ed. Ill . par. 3. ni. 13. And tladius iigni. 

 fics an ingroffer of corn or grain. 



BLAE, in Ornithtilogy, among French writers, an African 

 bird of the falcon tribe defcribed by Latham under the 

 name of falco mehmoptcrns, whicli fee- 



ELiERIA, in Botany, fo denominated from Patrick Blair, 

 M.D. I.ln. gen. n^i39. Reich. 145. Schreb. 1*^3. Juff, 160. 

 Clals and order, letrandrla vicnogytiia. Nat. Ord. Bicorncs, 

 Eric.f. JnO". Cien. Char. Cid. perianth four-parted ; leaf. 

 lets linear, erciff, a little fhorter than the corolla, perma- 

 nent. Cor. monopetidous, campanulate ; tube cyhndric, 

 the length of the calyx, pervious; border fmall, four-cleft; 

 3 Y diviHons 



