BOA 



valued in China llm.ii tlic black, and fold even for 4.0 doUsr 

 a picol : fomeoftlie pieces weigh half a pound. The white, 

 caught in fhoal water and on the dry fand, amoncr coral rocks, 

 is the worll ; its value being about four or five dollars a 

 picol. The Boadjoos are very ufeful to the Dutch Eaft 

 India company, in carrying intelligence fpeedlly from place 

 to place. Stavorinus's Voyages, vol. ii. p. 240. 



BOADODA Bajhaiv, in the /'wr/Z/a Military Orders, 

 an officer o{\.\\t janiiartes, whofe bufniefs it is to walk every 

 day about the principal parts of the city, with a number of 

 janizaries to altei.d him, to keep order and fee that all 

 things are regular, even to the d: efs. Tliis office is for three 

 months, and from this the perfon is ufually advanced to be a 

 prach. 



BOTE, in Ancient Geography, a town of Peloponnefus i[i 

 Laconia, at the extremity of the B.rotian gulf. Diana was 

 particularly worfliipped in this place ; Apollo and Efcula- 

 pius had their refpec'live chapels here. At fome ftadia 

 from this city was a temple of Serapis and Ifis. Paufanias. 

 BOAGRIUS, a river, or rather torrpnt, of Greece, in 

 the country of the Epicnemidian Locrians, according to 

 Ptolemy. Strabo fays, that it watered the town of Thro- 



nium Alfo, a town of the fame country, fituate to the 



weft, oif the confines of Phocis. 



BOANERGES, i.e. Sons of Tkmukr, in Scripture 

 JJiJlory, a nainc given by our Lord to the two apollles 

 James and Jnhu (Mark, iii. 17.), which fome have erro- 

 neoufiy fuppofed to be an appellation of reproach, intimat- 

 ing a fiercenef-i and furioufnefs of temper ; whereas it is much 

 more reafonable to confider it, with others, as a title of 

 honour, prophetically reprefenting the refolution and courage 

 with which they would openly and boldly declare the great 

 truths of the gofpel, when they were made fully acquainted 

 with them. How well they deferved this title, fufficieutly 

 appears in the fequel of their hiftory. See James, and 

 John. 



BOANS, in Zoology, a fpecics of Rana, or frog, the 

 body of which is fmooth, marked with contiguous fpots be- 

 neath ; and the feet palmatcd. Gmelin. Two varieties of 

 this kmd are defcribed ; /3, having the upper part of the 

 body biueifli lead colour, and y, with the body iucKning to 

 orange. Laurent. Amph. &c. 



This kind inhabits America, and differs from rana arhorca, 

 the tree-frog, to which it is nearly allied, accoiding to Gmc- 

 Ln, in having all the feet webbed, and the body fpotted with 

 white. Much confufion prevails refpetling tlie Linn^ean 

 fpecies, boans. Dr. Shaw fufpcCts it to be the fame as the 

 rana maxima of that author, probably in a younger ftate. He 

 mentions likewife another fuppufcd variety, the rana vir- 

 g'tninna altera of Scba. 



BOAR, the ivihl boar or hog from whence the common 

 hog derives its origin. See Scrofa Sus. The male of 

 the tame hog is alfo callc-d the boar. 



The wild boar \% a native of almoft all the temperate parts 

 of Europe and Afia, and is alfo found in the upper parts 

 of Africa. Formerly it was an inhabitant of this country, 

 as appears from the laws of Howel Dda, who permitted his 

 grand huiitfman to chafe that animal from the middle of 

 November to the beginning of December. (Leges Wallica;, 

 41.) There are alfo many places in Wales that retain the 

 name Pennarth, or the Boar's Head, to this day. William 

 tlic Conqueror pnniflied with the lofs of their eyes any that 

 were convit3:e<l of kiUing the wild boar, the ftag, or the roe- 

 buck. (Leges Saxon. 292.) And Fitz-Stephen tells us, 

 that the vaft fortft, which in his time grew on the north fide 

 of London, was the retreat of (lags, fallow-deer, wild boars, 



BOA 



and bulls. Charles \. turned out wild boars in the New 

 Foreft, Hampfhire ; but thefe were deftroyed in the civil 

 wars. (Pennant.) In France, Germany, Poland, and other 

 countries on the European continent, they are IliU common, 

 and the hunting of them is a principal amnfcmeiit among 

 parties of the gentry. Boar-hunting is a favourite diverfion 

 alfo in other more diftant parts of the world. 



Thefe animals are found in the fteppes of the Samara and 

 the Volga, in Ruflia, on the confines of the river Ur.il in 

 Daonria, and about the Irtylh. Between the Ural and the 

 Yamba they are very numerous, and are hunted in winter 

 by the Coffacks, not without danger, with dogs, and fome- 

 times killed with carabines, and fomctimes with lances. AU 

 though they feed folely on the roots of fea-weed ai;d fcdge, 

 they grow to fuch an extraordinary fize, that they are fre- 

 quently found weigliiiig upwards of fix hundred pounds ; 

 their bacon is nearly four indies thick in fat, th.ough their 

 flePi is in general dry and .'irm and well-flavoured. 



Sonnini thinks it probable (fee his Travels in Upper and 

 Lower Egypt, p. 348.) that the wild boars of Egypt arc 

 not the fame v.ith thofe in Europe. The great difference 

 of chmate, and the ftill greater difference of fituation, mud 

 have occafioned at leaft !ome varieties in the fpecies of thefe 

 animals. More multiplied in temperate or cold countrie'!, 

 which appear more fuitablc to their nature, they inhabit the 

 thick receiTes of the forefts, where they can find abundance 

 of food. They never leave the v,-ooc'.3 but to pafs from 

 one to another, or to ravage the growing crops, and thefe 

 predatory cxcurfions are undertaken only by night. In ge- 

 neral, they retire to the darkeft and clolcft places at the 

 rifiiig of the fun, the brightnefs nnd heat of which they 

 feem to dread. T1ie wild boar of Egypt, on the contrar)', 

 has no fhelter. Continually expofed to the rays of a burn- 

 ing fuu, he roams over the hottell fands, where he with dif- 

 ficulty finds a few fcattered fhrubs, which afford him a fcanty 

 fubfiftcnce, and fcarcely any (hade. He is alfo frequently 

 fecn in the dcferts of Nitria, which is the refort of a greater 

 number of animals than any other part of the deferts, 

 on account of the (heets of water it contains, and of the 

 plants that grow on their banks. Thefe boars are folitary, 

 though a general want of food fometimes drives them in 

 herds to the environs of the lakes of Natron. As the Ma- 

 hometans and Copts do not eat the flefh of t!ie wild boar 

 more than that of the hog, and hold both thefe animals in 

 equal abhorrence, it was impoffible, fays this writer, to 

 procure a wild boar in Egypt, at leall without feeking it in 

 the delert. Upon the whole he concludes, that they are 

 not the fame as thofe of Europe. It is perhaps, he adds, 

 in this fenfe only that we muft iinderlland the paffages of 

 Arifiotle (Hift. Nat. l.viii. c. 24.), and Pliny (Hift. Nat. 

 1. viii. c. 33.), who have afferted that there are no wild boars 

 in Africa. Wild boars, fays Buffon, are as common in Afia 

 and Africa as in Europe. But he has given an account and 

 a drawing of an African wild boar, which is remarkable for 

 feveral particular charafters ; and hence there is reafon to 

 believe, that the " hanzire" of Egypt is the fame animal as 

 the wild boar of Africa. 



Among huntfmen, the wild boar has feveral names ac- 

 cording to its different ages : the firft year it is called a pig 

 of the faunder ; the fecond, a hog ; the third, a hog-fleer ; 

 and the fourth, a boar. When leaving the faunder, he is 

 called a fingler, or fangler. The wild boar inhabits woods, 

 living on roots, mafts, acorns, and other vegetable food. 

 Though gluttons,- they do not attack other animals to de- 

 vour them ; but they eat ficdi when they meet with it. 

 They have been fcen to cat horfe-fleih ; and the (kin of the 



deer. 



