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right over the enemy's gang-way; nor can he poffibly avoid 

 a broadtide ; for if he heave all a-back and make a-ftern 

 board, which is his only refource, lie may avoid being 

 boarded, but his fituation will be very perilous. 



In the laft cafe of boardirg a fiiip, which is at anchor, 

 Tiding head to wind, it mull be executed under fail ; for if 

 the boarder cannot apprjach the enemy except by towing 

 a-head, he will never be able to board the latter againft his 

 will; becaufe he will be always able to annoy the boats 

 which are laying out the tow-lines. It (hauld not therefore 

 be attempted, unlefs the boarder be under way. In order 

 to perform it with fuccefs, the boarder mufl be fufhciently 

 to windward to approach the enemy by a little falling off, 

 without expcfiiig his ftern to the fire of the latter, which in 

 this fituation might be played on v.ith great advantage. If 

 the boarder, then, fhould be thus to windward, fo as to be 

 able to approach the er.emy at anchor, he ought to Hop his 

 head-way, by taking a-back his mizen top-fail and fore llay- 

 fail ; and when about a fhip's length from the veflel pro- 

 pofed to be boarded, let go an anchor, and tlien work, fo 

 that, as foon as the mizen top-fail is taken a-back, the mi- 

 zen clofe aft, the top fails clued up, and the fore-topmaft 

 ftay-fail hauled down, he may come head to wind, and veer 

 away cable, till, by tiiUing off, he comes board and board 

 with his opponent, who is ftill riding at his moorings, and 

 who at that inilant ought to be alfo raked by the boarder. 

 This is the only method of manoeuvring to which the board- 

 ing (hip can recur ; becaufe, as foon as the anchor is gone, 

 the fhip acquires ftern-way, and when the cable is checked, 

 /he runs head to wind, in which the is much aflifted by the 

 mizen and mizen top-fail, which impel her ftern to leeward, 

 till the wind is right in the dircClion of the keel ; and, as 

 the cable is veered away, till exaAly along-fide the fhip at 

 anchor, her own anchor being right a-head of the vefTel {he 

 means to board, it follows that, as foon as the boarding (hip 

 comes head to wind, flie is in a proper fituation to throw 

 her grapnels, and fend her crew on board of the other, if 

 they are the ftrongeft. 



The ftiip at anchor fhould never wait for the enemy in that 

 fituation, which is always difadvantageous, and as there is 

 much greater probability of efcape when under way, JBut 

 if it be necefiary for the enemy to continue at anchor, he 

 fhould take advantage of the boarder's fhip letting go her 

 anchor, to cut the cable by which he rides ; and by this 

 mancEuvre fall athwart, rake the boarder, avoid being board- 

 ed, and bring up with the lee-anchor. If time allow, two 

 fprings fhould be caft out, one on each fide of the cable by 

 which the (hip rides, if there have been no previous oppor- 

 tunity for laying out two anchors, and thus guard againft 

 furprife, in cafe the fhip which attacks has it in her power to 

 pafs on either fide of the other ; and when the fide for which 

 ihc is determined is perceived, the afTailed fhould heave on 

 the fpriiig which is on the fame fide fhe has let go her an- 

 chor, if fhe be a-head, and on the oppofite, if fhe be a-ftern, 

 veering out at the fame time the other fpring and cable, till 

 the aflailant be brought right a-breaft. Then he may be 

 Taked at pleifure, as he has no way of efcape. His only 

 coiirfe to prevent danger would be having alfo a fpring ; 

 and, under cover of a brifk fire, veering upon that fpring 

 and cable, to lay his enemy handfomely on board. But if 

 this precaution Ihould have been neglefted, he muft cut his 

 cable, and drop on board of the fhip to leeward ; who, on the 

 other hand, has no mode of avoiding being boarded, but by 

 cutting, to get under way, or to run on iliore. 



It is always eafy to board a fhip at anchor, when the wind 

 will allow approaching to her under fail ; in which cafe it is 

 moft advifeable to run her along-fide, or to bring-to to 



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windward of the fhip Intended to be attacked, keeping her 

 exaftly to leeward; then to drift on board of her, by 

 trimming the fails in fuch a manner as to keep as nearly as 

 polTible the broadlide of the attacking vefTcl oppofite to that 

 of the adverfe fhip. In this fituation the boarder fhould 

 annoy the enemy with his guns till he can clofe with him ; 

 and by conftantly cannonading, his fire may not be fo well 

 ferved as it othe'rwife might be. If, whilft a veffel is under- 

 wry, it be propofed to board a veffel that is moored, an an- 

 chor fhould be let go at the time of boarding ; for if the at- 

 tacked Ihip fhould at this moment cut her cables to drive on 

 fhore, this would prevent the aflailant and the afTailed running 

 a-ground together. Elements and Practice of Rigging and 

 Seamanfliip, vol. ii. Bourde's Manoeuverer, or Skilful Sea- 

 man, &c. tranflated from the French by Saufeuil, 4.to. 

 178S. 



BoARni>iG-H?//m», in Siip Rigging. See Netting. 



BOARI, in Geography, a village of Africa, on the 

 Gold Coaft, fituated between Sukonda and Saina, where 

 the Dutch had formerly a fmall fadory, which was after- 

 wards removed to Sama. 



BOARIA Lappa, a name given by the ancient Roman? 

 to the fruit or rough balls of the common aparine or cleavers. 

 Pliny calls this plant fometimes lappa, fometimes lappago ; 

 and the fruit by the names of lappa baaris, or lappe can'md:, 

 and fometimes canarii?. 



BOARINA, BoAROLA, in Ornithology, the name of a 

 fniall bird, defcribcd by Aldrovandus and others. This is 

 the fig-eater of Albin and Latham; and Motacilla Nit'via 

 of Gmelin. 



BOARULA, a fpecies of Motacilla, called in Eng- 

 land the grey wagtail. The colour of this bird is cinereous 

 above, beneath yellow ; tail-feathers dark, and pile at the 

 edges. This is an European bird, about fcven inches and a 

 half in length, and, like the reft of the wagtail tribe, fre- 

 quents watery places. They are lively, aftive birds, per- 

 petually flirt the tail, and feldom perch, but reft upon 

 the ground. They feed chiefly upon infefts. The neft of 

 this fpecies is made on the ground, and is compofed of dried 

 fibres and mofs, lined with wool or feather, and ufually con- 

 tains from fix to eight eggs, which are of a dirty white, 

 marked with yellow fpots. They breed in the north of 

 England, feldom approaching nearer to the fouthward than 

 Cumberland, till after the month of Odlober. Linn. Donov. 

 Brit. Birds, pi. 40, &c. Le Bergette, of Belon ; and la Bir- 

 goroneltejaune, of Brifon, is of this fpecies. 



Obf. A variety of Motacilla Boarula inhabits Java. The 

 colour is an olive brown, beneath yellow; lower part of the 

 neck grey ; firft tail-feather entirely white ; innerfide and 

 tip of the fecond and third white. 



BOAS, in Entomology, a fpecies of ScARAB.fEus, that 

 inhabits Sierra Leona. The thorax is retufe, excavated, 

 bidentated; horn of the head recur\ed and fimple. Fa- 

 bricius. 



BOAT, a fmall veffel, generally without a deck, managed 

 by fails or oars, or drawn by horfcs upon canals, rivers, or 

 lakes, for the purpofe of conveying palTengers, goods, &c. 

 from one place to another. The form, equipment, and 

 names ef boats are different according to the purpofe for 

 which they are intended, or 10 the country where they are 

 built. Hence, boats are made flight or ftrong, fharp or flat- 

 bottomed, open or decked, plain or ornamented, as they 

 may be defigned for fwiftnefs or burden, for deep or fhallow 

 water, for failing in a harbour or at fea, and for convenience 

 or pleafure. 



As boats make always a neceffary append^ige to Ihips, it 



w-ill, 



