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re-aftion 'osirg equal, and oppolke to the aftlon, the oppo- 

 fitjon cf the water to the motion of the vefFcl will alfo be ip. 

 a t'.:rc£lion perpendicular to the fail, from leeward to wind- 

 ward, and the impulfe of a longer body exceeding that of 

 a fmaller, fuppofing the motion of both to be equal, it fol- 

 lows that, upon one of the fore guares being thrull under 

 water, the veflel will lie to, and bear up again, if it be 

 taken out ; and by a parity of reafoning, an after one being 

 thrall under water will caufe the fnip to b.ar up and to lie 

 to, on its being taken out. The way ufed by tlie Indians, 

 in managing the balza, is to increafe the ni'.raber of guares 

 to four, five, or fix, to keep her to windward ; for it is 

 evident that the more there are under water the greater will 

 be the lateral refiilarce, which is thus incrcafed by the 

 lee-boards ufcd in fmalltr veflels, and for the fame purpofe. 

 Thefe guares fo effeiSually anfn-er the end for which they 

 are intended, that, when once the balza is underway, onlv 

 one need be worked ; and by thruiling it down or raifine it 

 up a foot or two, tlie veiTel is kept in a right courfe. Plate I. 

 of loits, contains a perfpeftive view of a Balza. 



Barge, the fecond boat in a fhip of war, as mentioned 



above ; a veffel employed in sarrying merchandize in the 



river Thames, with one mall. See alfo the article Barge. 



Bum boat, a fmall boat employed in felling vegetables, 



&c. to veflels lying at a diftance from the fliore. 



Bunder boat, a beat at Bombay for carrying off pilots 

 to a fliip, and taking paflengers alliore. 



Cholaud, a boat navigated on the river Loire in'France ; 

 theft boats are narrow and low, for the purpofe of more eafily 

 palling through the locks of canals; they are principally ufed 

 in carrying wines, and other productions, and merchandizes 

 of the provinces, which lie near the Loire and Allier. 



Coolie, a boat em.ployed as a wherrj- at Bombay ; it ha:- one 

 niaft, with a confiderable rake forward, and fails very fall. 



Felucca, is a ftrong paflage-boat ufed in the Mediterra- 

 nean, having from lo to 16 banks of oars. The natives of 

 Barbary often employ boats of this fort as cruifers. 



Ferry boats, are ufed for conveying paflengers, goods, horfes, 

 cattle, (Xc.acrofs ariveror branch of the fea; and,tiierefore,are 

 of different dimenfions and forms of conftruction accordingly. 

 F'ljVmg boats, are of various kinds ; thofe employed in the 

 falmon fifhing, which is generally in rivers, or at the fea 

 ftiore. and commonly called cobles, are narrow at one end, 

 and bioad at the other, for the purpofe of making up the 

 net npon it, and from which the net is let into the river or 

 fea. Boats employed in the white fifliery, that is, in taking 

 ling, cod, haddocks, &c. are pretty large ; fome carr)'ing ten 

 tons and upwards, with tivo mails, with fquare or lug-fails, 

 and ftrong built fo as to endure a rough fea ; they are ufu- 

 ally and unequally fharp at both ends, the Ihsrpelt end being 

 the bow. Decked veflels cAXkA fmach having one maft, or 

 iuggers with three malls, are employed in this liihery. 



Flat-bottomed boat, is fo conllrucled for taking the beach 

 eafily, for the greater convenience of landing troops with 

 their baggage, accoutrements, &c. 



Flottes, boats of the mailer ferrj-men at Paris. The ord- 

 nance of that city, made in the year 1672, enjoins tlxm 

 to keep their boats always provided with Haves and oars ; 

 and to have a fufficient number of boats ready at the places 

 and fervices appointed by the provoil of the merchants and 

 echevins. 



Fi-ncets, boats whicli navigate on the river Seine; they 

 are large, long, and ftrong; they come from Roan, and from 

 the rivL-r Oife, and are commonly ufed to caiTy great loads 

 of wood for fuel, alfo goods, &c. 



Gig, a fmall light boat, ufually fufpended from the taff- 

 rail of a fliip. 



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Holland, Boats cf. In almoft all the Seven United Pro- 

 vinces there are boats which ferve for public carriages, which 

 fet out from every city at all hours of the day, and carry 

 paflengers very conveniently from one place to another, at a 

 very fmall expence. They are long, narrow, and covered, 

 and can contain about fistypitrfons; each boat is drawnby one 

 horfe, and has only two m.en to manage it, the one attends 

 the helm, and the other takes care of the rope ; the horfe 

 is generally rode by a boy. In thefe bnats there is a room 

 which can eafily contain fix perfcjns ; this room., which is 

 called a roef, has glafs windows, whereas the other openings 

 in the boat are ftiut with oil cloth in bad weather. A 

 paflenger may take a place in this room, or the whole room. 

 Thofe boats which carry goods from Amfterdam to the 

 Hague, and which leave Amfterdnm at eight at night, ar- 

 rive at the Hague next morning. In thofe boats, however, 

 defigned for paflengers only, a perfon is obliged to change 

 boats feveral times. From Amfterdam to Haerlem he muft 

 change boats half way, becaufe the canal there is cut by 

 a dyke. At Haerlem, the paflengers muft crofs the town to 

 get to the boat that is to cznry them to Leyden. At Ley- 

 den, he muft again crofs the town to meet the boat in which 

 he is to go to the Hague. All this can be performed in ten 

 hours and a half ; for, at eight o'clock precifely, a boat fcts 

 out from Amfterdam to Haerlem, where it arrives about 

 half an hour after ten ; at eleven a boat fets out from Haer- 

 lem for Leyden, and arrives there at three in the morning; 

 half an hour after three a boat fets out from Leyden, and 

 arrives at the Hague half an hour after fix. There is fuch 

 good order kept, that at the ringing of a bell the boat muft 

 fet out immediately, without waiting for any paflenger. 

 There are few countries where people can travel fo conveni- 

 ently as in Holland. 



Ivahah, a boat or canoe of the Society Iflands, of which 

 captain Cooke gives the following defcription. The ivahah 

 is ufed for fliort excurfions at fea. Thefe boats are all of the 

 fame figure, but of different fizes, and ufed f^r different 

 purpofes ; their length is from ten to feventy-two feet, but the 

 breadth is by no means in proportion ; for thofe of ten feet 

 are about a foot wide, and thofe of more than feventy are 

 fcarcely two feet. They have the fighting ivahah, the fifhing 

 ivahah, and the travelling ivahah, for fome of thefe go from 

 one ifland to another. The fighting ivahah is by far the 

 longeft; and the head ar.d ftern Ere confiderably raifed above 

 the body, in a femicircular form, particularly the ftem, 

 which is fometimes feveuteen or eighteen feet high, though 

 the boat itfelf is fcarcely three feet. Thefe never go to fea 

 fingly, but are fallened together fide by fide at the diftance 

 of about three feet, by ftrong poles of wood, which are laid 

 acrofs them, and laflied to the gunwales. Upon thefe in 

 the fore part, a ftage or platform is raifed about ten or 

 twelve feet high, and fomewhai wider than the boats, which 

 is fiipported by pillars about fix feet long ; upon this ftage 

 ftand the fighting men, whofe miflile weapons are flings 

 and fpears ; for, among other fingularities in the manners 

 of thefe people, their bows and arrows are ufed only for 

 diverfion, as we throw quoits ; btlow thefe ftages fit the 

 ro\\ers, who receive fi-om them thofe that are wounded, 

 ?nd furnifli frtfh men to afcend in their room. Some of 

 thefe have a platform of bamboos, or other light wood, 

 through their whole length, and confiderably broader, by 

 means of which they can carr)' a great number of men. 

 The filhing ivahahs varv- in length from about forty feet 

 to the fmalleft fize, which is about ten feet ; all that are of 

 the length of twenty-five feet and upwards, of whatever fort, 

 occafionally cany fail. The travelling ivahah is always 

 double, and fumillied with a fmall oeat houfe, about five or 



fix 



