BOD 



BOD 



defcribes ten fpecies only, namely, Botilanuj lorFtanut, ba- 

 ilianiis gullntus, bcrlinnus pentacantbus, bodianus licnac, lo- 

 dtar.us aya, bod'ianvs niarnlritus, bodlnnus apua, bodianus 

 macrolspidolus, bodianus Jlellifer, and bodianus arnenteus, 

 Lacepede, in adopting the genus Bodianus, coniiderably 

 augments the- number of its fpecies by the addition ot others 

 jiot previoufly defcribcd under either of the Linnaean genera. 

 In his " Hilloire Naturelle des Poifons," there arc altogether 

 no lefs than four and twentv fpecies. The generic charafter 

 is modifii.d, and two feftioiis formed to admit them. Its 

 eiTcntial chara&er is thus exprefled : one or more fpines to 

 the gill covers, the margins of which are neither denticulated, 

 nor jagged ; only a little beard, or foraetimes none to the 

 jaws ; and a fmgle dorfal fin. 



The tirlt feftion of the Bod'ans include thofe which have 

 the caudal (m furcated in the form of a crefctnt, of which 

 tliere are fourteen kinds ; le bodian ceilere [bodianus pal [>ebra- 

 tus), le bodian loutl, le bodian jaguar [bodiunus pentacantbus), 

 le bodian macrolepidote, le bodian argente, le bodian B'och 

 {bodianus bcdianus), le bodian aya, le bodian tachetc, le bodian 

 vivanet, le bodian Fifcher, le bodian decacanthe, le bodian 

 lutjan, le bodian grofie tete, and le bodian cycloftome. 



in the fecond divifion, the fpecies of which have the tail 

 fin entire, Lacepede defcribes only ten, le bodian rogaa, le 

 bodian lunaire, Ic bodian melanoleuque, le bodian Jacob 

 Evertfcn, le bodian bcenac, le bodian hiatule, le bodian 

 apua, le bodian etoile, le bodian tetracanthe, and le bodian 

 fix raies. 



The genus Bodianus is rccognifed, and admitted by Dr. 

 Shaw into the general zoology. He includes in this tribe 

 precifely the fame fpecies as tliofe defcribed by Dr. Dloch, 

 with five additional fpecies defcribed by Lacepede as Bodi- 

 ans, namely, perca louti, Gmel. fparus palpebratus, Gmel. 

 perca rogaa, Gmel. perca lunaria, Gmel. and bodianus 

 nielanoleucus of Lacepede. But the generical defioition of 

 the Bodianus, as given by this author, is evidently at vari- 

 ance with that affigned to it by others. The great objeCl 

 of the Ichthyologill, in eftablifliing the new genus bodianus, 

 inuft have been to fcparate from the two genera perca and 

 fparus, fuch fpecies as do not 'iriftly belong to either ; and 

 unlefs this could be accompli (lied in a fatisfadory manner, it 

 were better to permit them to remain where Linnaeus placed 

 them. By fome uuufual overfight Dr. Shaw appears to 

 have failed in this rcfpeft ; his bodiani are not fufBciently 

 dillinguifhcd from the Linncean percx, as the following ge- 

 neric character will (hew : " Ho.hit of the genus perca. Gill 

 covers fcaly, ferrated and aculeated. Scales (in mod fpecies) 

 fmoot'i." The gill-covers of the perca, according to this 

 writer, are fcaly and ferrated, and the fcales of the body (in 

 moft fpecies) hard and rough. According to this definition ; 

 a perch with fmooth fcales, and the denticulations of the gill 

 covers confpicuouflv large, may be millaken for a bodian ; 

 and a hard fcaled bodian, on the contrary, for a perch. If we 

 are to allow an innovation on the Linn^an arrangement by 

 the infertion of the genus bodianus, its true character feems 

 to be that the plates which conllitute the gill-covers are 

 fmooth at the edges, and only armed with one or more dif- 

 tinft fpines ; while the ierrated edges of thofe pHtes as plainly 

 point out the percce : and if the plates be both Ierrated and 

 aculeate!, we conceive it highly proper to retain them under 

 the old Linnxan ^enws perca. 



BODIN, John, in Biograpliy, a famous lawyer of France, 

 was born at Angers in l5io, tludied the law at Touloufe, 

 and preferring the common to the civil law, quitted Touloufe 

 and entered at the bar in Paris ; but not fucceeding to his 

 expectations, he devoted himfelf to literature. He com- 

 menced his career as a writer, with a tranflation into elegant 



Latin verfe of " Oppian's Cynegeticon," or books of hunt- 

 ing, accompanied with learned notes, claimed as his own by 

 Turntbus. His " Method of Hiftory," was published in 

 I 566, and his " Difcourfe on Coins," with an anfwer to 

 the paradoxes of Midellroit in 1568; but thefe were intro- 

 duftorj to his great work in French, " Concerning a Re- 

 public," printed in 1576, in folio, and frequently reprinted 

 in 8vo. To this work the prefident Thuanus bears very 

 honourable teftimony ; it was alfo much commended by 

 other perfons of learning ; and obtained for the author a 

 high degree of reputation tliroughout Europe. It became 

 the text-book of private lectures both at London and Cam- 

 bridge. His tables of law, entitled " Juris Univerfi Diilri- 

 butio," were printed in 1578, a^d in the following year his 

 " Demonomanie dts Sorciers," to which was annexed "A 

 Refutation of the book, de Lamiis," ofJohnWier, phyfi- 

 cian to the duke of Cleves, who had undertaken to prove that 

 the ftories of witchcraft and forcery have chiefly arifen from 

 impofture or dclulions of fancy. The literary character of 

 Bodin, who defended this kind of fuperllition, incurred re- 

 proach, and he himfelf was fufpefted of being a magician. 

 Before this time he had been invited by Henry III. to his 

 court, who was much delighted with his converfation and 

 treated him with attention and refpeft. But the royal fa- 

 vour was of no long continuance ; for Bodin, who held an 

 office in the prefidial court of Laon, was fent, in 1576, as a 

 deputy of the third eftate of Vermandois, to the affembly of 

 the ilates-general at Blois ; where he remonftrated againfl 

 the project of alienating the royal demefnes belonging to 

 that province ; and this he did with fuch effefl, that Thu- 

 anus principally alcribed the defeat of the injurious fcheme 

 of alienation to his conduct on this occafion. Bodin alfo re- 

 folutely oppofed the party of the Guifes, who were endea- 

 vouring to procure a decree for compelling all the king's 

 fubjeCls to profefs the catholic religion. By fuch meafures 

 he became obnoxious at court ; and be, therefore, accepted 

 a propofal made to him by the king's bi other, the duke of 

 Alengon and Anjou, to accompany him to his government 

 of the United Provinces. He afterwards attended him to 

 England, and, it is faid, that he advifed the feizure of Ant- 

 werp, in confequence of which the duke loft both credit 

 and influence. After the death of his patron, Bodin re- 

 turned to Laon, anddifcharged the ofGceof chief magiftrate 

 with great integrity. In this city he died of the plague in 

 1596. A work, written by him but never printed, and en- 

 titled " Heptaplomeron, five de abditis rerum fubhmium 

 arcanis," is faid to have been an attack upon religion, and 

 defigned to invalidate the authority of revelation. By the 

 feemiiig advantages which he gave in this vork to the Jev.-ifti 

 religion, he was lufpeded of being a convert to it ; but it is 

 more probable, tliat he was a fceptic with regard to religion, 

 and alike indifferent to all modes of faith. A little while 

 before his death he publilhcd a Latin treatife, entitled 

 " Theatrum Univerfse Naturae," in which he purfues the 

 caufts and ';fFet\s of things to their principles. B din was 

 of an ardent and inqnifuivc temper ; and his erudition was 

 fuperior to his judgment. Gen. Dift. 



BODLEY, Sir Thomas, was born at Exeterin 1544, 

 and at I 2 years of age removed with his father to Geneva, 

 who took his family thither to avoid the perfecution of queea 

 Mary's reign. In the univerlity cfthat city he commenced 

 his rtudies ; and when his father returned to England, on 

 the acceffion of queen Ehzabeth, he was fent to Magdalen 

 college, Oxford, where he remai^'ed for fome years, arid be- 

 came fellow of Merton college. Here he read kdures in 

 Greek and philolnphy, and officiated as proftor and public 

 orator. In 1576 be went a'oroad for improvement, and 



482 fpent 



