BOH 



BOHMISCHKRUTT, a town of Germany, in the 

 archduchy of AuHria, 3 miles S.S.W. of Feldfburg. 



BOHN, John, in Biography, was born at Lcipfic the 

 20th of [uly 1640, where he received the rudiments of his 

 edncati in. At a proper age his father fent him to Jena, to 

 be initiated into the IhiJy of medicine. In 1659, he returned 

 to Ltipfic, co^itinning his ftudies there, until i66j, when de- 

 firous of participating in the knowledge of the improvements 

 making in his profcfhon, in diflerent parts of Europe, he 

 ■went to Copenhairen, Holland, England, France, and Swit- 

 zerland, every where attending the lefturcs of the moft cele- 

 brated mafttrs, but particularly attaching himfclf to Malpighi. 

 Returning, at the end of two years, to Leipiic, he took his 

 degree of doflor in medicine, and was in fucccffion advanced 

 to the rank of proftfTor in anatomy, aTid in therapeutics. 

 In 1(591 he was appointed public phyfioian to the city of 

 LeipfiCi and, in 1700, dean of the faculty of medicine, 

 ■which offices he continued to hold with credit to the time of 

 his death, in 1718. 



Befides numerous diflertations on the different branches of 

 medicine, which had great merit, he publilhed, in 1668, 

 •' Exercitationes phyfiologicne xxvi," 4to. This work was 

 afterwards confiderably enlarged, and republiflied in 16S0, 

 under the title of " Circukis anatomicophyfiulogicus, five 

 ceconomia corporis animalis," 410. In this he examines, with 

 accuracy and judgment, the different hypothefcs then pre- 

 ■vailins; in medicine. He here firft ihewed the difference be- 

 tween the cyftic and the liepatic bile. Finding the liquor 

 amnii coagulable, he fuppofed it contributed to the nourifh- 

 ment of the foetus ; which, however, later experience contra- 

 difts, as foetufes born without heads, or where the pafTage 

 through the cefophagus into the ftomach has been clofed, are 

 found to attain, in utero, equal bulk and firmnefs, as thofe 

 that are perfeA. He fuppofed the heart to be excited to 

 contraftion by tlie ftimulus of the blood ; and (liews the offa 

 pubis are not feparated in parturition, to allow a free palTage 

 to the foetus ; which was in his time the prevailing doctrine. 

 In his " De variolis, haftenus in patria gratfatis," publiflied 

 in 1679, he advifes giving purgatives with calomel, on the 

 firll attack of the complaint, with the view of rendering the 

 difeafe more mild ; a praftice of which later experience has 

 proved the utility. In his " De Renunciatione vulnerum," 

 1689, 4to. Amlierdam, he {hews what wounds are necef- 

 farily fatal. His treatife " De Officio medici duplici, chnico, 

 et forenfi," 410. 1704, gives rules for the condudl of phy- 

 ficians, in attending their patients, and in giving evidence 

 befo'e a court of judicature. This is a work of great merit, 

 and has fcarcely been exceeded by any later production on the 

 fubjeft. Thefe have all been frequently reprinted. Haller. 

 Bib. Mtd. Eloy. lilumenbach. 



BOHOL, in Geography, one of the Phihppine idands be- 

 tween Manila and Mindanao, about 16 leagues long from 

 north to fouth, and 8 or 10 broad. Thefouth coaft towards 

 Mindanao is the moll populous ; that is, from Lobag, the 

 metropolis, to the little i/land or peninfulaof Pangloo. The 

 foil does not produce rice, but is faid to be rich in gold mines, 

 and to yield, in great abundance, cocoas, batatas, and feveral 

 forts of roots which ferve inllead of rice. In the mountains 

 there are multitudes of cattle, and fifh in the fea, which the 

 natives exchange with thofe of the neighbouring iflands for 

 cotton. N.lat. 10°. E. long. 122° 5'. 



BOHONIZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Bechin, 

 2 miles S.S.W. of Teia. 



BOH RAN, a town of Silefia, in the principality of 

 Brefiaw, 16 mimes fouth of Breflaw. 



BOHRLITZ, atown of Mora\-ia, in the circle of Brunn, 

 9 miles W.N.W. of Aufpitz, 



B O I 



BOHUS, or Bah us, a fortified idand of Sweden, in 

 Gothland, encircled by two branches of the Gotha, about g 

 miles north of Gotheborg. The fort itand'i on a rotky emi- 

 nence, and was formerly celebrated in thchiftory of Norway, 

 as a place of conliderable ftrength, and turming i;ie fror.tier 

 fortrefs during the conftant wars between the Danes and 

 Swedes. It was eveatd in 1309 by Kacquin IV. king of 

 Norway, and, before the invention of gun-po«d r, it was a 

 wooden fortrefs; but in [448 was built \\ith llonc by 

 Chrillian 1. The fituacion is itronj, and it is gariifuiied by 

 100 men. The lummit affords a plealing vie-.\ of the Gotha, 

 winding at the feet of barren rocks. Bohus gives name to a 

 jurifdidlion of which it is the capital. It formerly belonged 

 to Denmark, but by the treaty of Rofchild, in 1658, it was 

 ceded to Sweden. 



BOHUSLAW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Kiov, near the river Ros. N.lat. 49° 37'. E. long. 31* 

 II'. 



BO J A, in /Intiquity, a collar or chain fattened about the 

 necks of criminals to prevent their cfcape. 



The word is alfo written boga, bod'ui, and biiga. 



BOIA, in Ancient Geography, an ifland in the jEgean fea. 

 Anton. Itin. 



BOJADOR, Cape, or Bajadore (which fee), in 

 Geography, lies on the weftern coail of North Africa, placed 

 in the Tables of the Commiffioners of Longitude, in N. lat. 

 26^i2'3o", W. long. i4'^27', and, in Renncll's map, in 

 N.lat. 26° 20', W. long. 14° 17'. — W.long. i4''49', by M. 

 Fleurieu, and 14^ 28' Conn.-de-Tcmps. This cape was 

 doubled by Gilianez and the Portugutfe navigators, under 

 the direction of prince Henry, and embnldencdby their voyages 

 to Madeira, which required their quittinu the coalt and ven- 

 turing into the open fea, in the year 143J. For 20 years 

 before this time, this cape had been the boundary of their 

 navigation, and it had been deemed impaffable. But this 

 fuccefstul voyage, placed by the ignorance of the age on a 

 level with the moll famous exploits recorded in liillory, 

 opened a new fphere to navigation, as it difcovered the valt 

 continent of Afiica, ftill walhcd by the Atlantic ocean, and 

 ftrctching towards the fouth. Of fuch confequcnce wa. the 

 doubling of this cape, that the Portuguefe foon after ad- 

 vanced within the tropics, a:id in the fpace of a few years 

 difcovered the river Senegal, and the whole coall extending 

 from cape Blanco to cape de Vcrd. 



BOIANO, a town of Naples, in the county of Molife, 

 the fee of a bilhop, fuffragan of Benevcnto, who refides at 

 Campo Baffo ; 9 miles fouth of Molii'e. See Bovian u M. 



BOIARDO, Matteo-Maria, in Biography, coimt of 

 Scandiano, a perfon eminent for literature, was bo^n at 

 Fratta near Ferrara, about the year 1430, and ediica" -d at. 

 the univerfity of that city, where he principally .efid^d. 

 Being highly efteemed by the dukes Borfo and Hercules I., 

 he was appointed by the latter governor of Reggio in the 

 Modcnefe, where he died in 1494. He was well acquamted 

 with the Greek and Latin languages ; and tranflated into 

 Italian, from the former, the hiftory of Herodotus, and from 

 the tatter, the golden age of Apuleius, and the chronicle of 

 Ricobaldo. His eclogues in Latin verfe are reckoned among 

 the moft elegant produtlions of that age. He alfo wrote in 

 Italian verfe a comedy, entitled " Timon," taken from a 

 dialogue in Lucian, and other pieces. But his greatell fame 

 was derived from his " Orlando Inammorato," whlcii com- 

 bines with the ancient epic the extravagance of modern ro- 

 mance. His ilyle was rude, and his verfification Riff and 

 har(h ; but the fervour of his fancy and the livelinefs of his 

 imagery rendered this work, which he left unlinifhcd, capti- 

 vating and popular. It was continued by Niccolo Agoftino, 



and 





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