B O L 



BOLIPLEIKA, in Geography, a town of RuITm, in tlie 

 government of Saratof, on the well fide of the V^olga ; I2^ 

 miles louth of .Saratof. 



BOLISSUS, in Anc'ient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 j'Eolia, near Chio, according to Herodotus. Thucydides 

 (1.8.) mentions a viftory gained by tlie Athenians over the 

 inhabitants of Chio near this town. 



BOLKOF, in Geography. See Bolchof. 



BOLKOWITZ, a town of Silclia, 20 miles fouth of 

 Glogaw. 



BOLLANDISTS, in Literary Hijlory, a denomination 

 given to certain Jefuits of Antwerp, who were a conli- 

 derable time employed in colletling the lives and afts of the 

 faints. — Thus called from J. Bollar.dus, one of the firll and 

 chief of the alTociation. 



BOLLANDUS, Joh v, in Biography, a famous ecclefiafti- 

 cal hiftorian, was born at Tillemoiitin the Low Countries, in 

 I '\f/i, and ecucated among the Jefuits, by whom he was em- 

 ployed in collefting memorials oi the church-faints, uuderthe 

 title of " Aila Sanfturum." The plan of the work was 

 formed by father Rofweide, and it was to be arranged ac- 

 cording to tr.e order of celebrating their memories in the ca- 

 lendar. Bolhindus, in 1643, pubhthcd " The Lives of the 

 Saints of the Month of January," in 2 vols. fol. ; followed in 

 1658, by thofc of February, in 3 vols. fol. He had begun 

 thofe of March, when he died in i66j. This work was con- 

 tinued by Henl'chenius, Papebroch, and others, on a fcale of 

 iuch extent, that the commencement of Odlober reaches the 

 47th volume foiio. Nouv. Dift. Hift. 



BOLLAPvDS, large polls fet in the ground on each 

 llde of a dock. On docking or undocking fhips, large 

 blocks are ladied to them ; and through thtfe blocks 

 are reeved the tranfporting haufers to be brought to the 

 capitan?. 



COLLEN, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the cir- 

 cle of Aullria, and duchy of Carinthia, 7 miles call of 

 Ivlellftat. 



BOLLENZ. See Bxegno. 



BOLLIK, a river of England, which runs into the Mer- 

 fey, 4. miles E.M.E. of Warrington. 



BOLLITO, in the Glafi. Works, a name by which the 

 Italians called a fea-grten colour, or artilicial cryilal. 



To prepare this colour you mufl have in the furnace a 

 pot filled with forty pounds of good cryilal, firft care- 

 fully fliimmed, boiled, and purititd, without any manganefe; 

 you muft then have twelve ounces of the powder of fmall 

 leaves of copper, thrice calcined, and half anotmccof zaffer in 

 powder ; mix them together, and put them at four times in- 

 to the pot, that they may the better mix with the glafs; 

 llirring them well at each time of putting in the powder, 

 left they ihould fwell too much and run over. 



BOLLOS, in the mines of Peru, a denomination 

 given to the ingots or bars of filver procured there from 

 the ore by the operation of the fire, and the ufe of aqua 

 iortis. 



BOLM, in Geography. See Bulam. 



BOLNEST, Edw.\rd, in Biography, praftifed medicine 

 in London the beginning of the 17th century. lie pub- 

 liflied, in 1605, " Chemia Medicina illullrata," or the true 

 grounds and principles of the art ot phyfic, Svo. London, 

 and the following year a tranilation of it into Latin " De- 

 lineatio fundamenti et princip. art. med. ;" alfo " Aurora 

 cheinica ten naturalis methodus preparandi animalia, vegeta- 

 biiia, et inineralia," 1675, Svo. An edition of this work 

 .vas publifhed in Englilli, in 1672. " A rational way of 

 preparing animals, vegetables, and minerals, for phyfical 

 ufes." Hailer. Bib. Med. 



Vol. IV. 



B O L 



BOLNKI, in Geography, a town cf Lithuania, in tl: ; 

 provir.ce of Wllna, 14 miks E.S.E. of VViicomirz. 



BOLCGNA, or BoNOMA, a city of Italy, the capital 

 of the Bolognefe duchy, is, next to Rome, the largtlt, 

 fn:eft, and richeft city in the EccltCallical State. Its an- 

 cient name was Fclfina, derived from Fclfinus, a Tufcan 

 king, who is fuppofed to have built it 2J years before the 

 foundation of Rome. The name of Bor.onia is traced by 

 fome to a fuccelTor of Fclfinus, cr.lied Bonus ; but others 

 deduce it from the Boii. Its circuit is bLtwecn five and fix 

 Italian milej, and the number of its inliabitants is eftimated 

 at 80,000 ; but the whole diftrict, wh.ieh includes 308 citifs, 

 towns, and villages, is faid to contain 308,000 peifons. Its 

 figure is oblong, the length of it much exceeding the 

 breadth ; and viewed at a dillance, it bears f^me referablance 

 of a (hip, the tower of Afinelli, whicli is 371 feet high, being 

 the mall. It is furrounded by a folid and lofty brick v.-aii, 

 well built, and adorned with piazzas, which extend tlirough 

 the ftreets, and under which paffengers may walk without 

 being incommoded by the fun or rain. The houf-.s in ge- 

 neral have lofty porticoes, which would have a better efieil 

 if the ftreets were not fo narrov.- ; but in this particular, 

 magnificence is facrificed to convenience, for, in Italy, iliadc 

 is confidered as a luxury. This city is feated at tlie' foot of 

 the Apennines, in an extenfive, fertile plain, which libei-ally 

 fupplies the inhabitants with its rich produce. The river 

 Savona vvaflies its walls, and the rivulet Reno paffes through 

 it, parting into feveral fmall ftreams ; and the latter, by 

 means of a canal, communicates with the Po, and aflbrds 

 great advantage to the city. 



_ The public edifices of various kinds are numerous and mag- 

 nificent. ^ In the centre of the city ftands a high tower, called 

 Degli Afinelli, from Gerardo Afinelli, who built it at iiis own 

 charge in 1 109 ; near it is the leaning tower, called Garifenda, 

 which by a fall of part of it is nowrcduced to the height of i„o 

 feet, and which inclines, fo that a plumb-line let down from 

 the top deviates feven feet from the wall at the bottom. Of 

 the palaces in Bologna, that which is denominated the Public 

 Palace is much the moft fpacious, though not the moft ele- 

 gant. In this the cardinal legate is lodged ; and it has alfo 

 apartments for the Gonfalonier, as well as h,ills, or chaai- 

 bers, for fome of the courts of juftice. This edifice contains 

 fome very m.-.gnificent apartments, and a few good pidures, 

 of which the moft eftecmed are, a large one, by Guido, of 

 the Virgin, and the infant Jefus, feated on a rainbow ; a 

 Sampfon, alfo by Guido, rtfrefliing himfelf with the water 

 which ifi'ues from the jaw-bone, with which he has juft de- 

 feated the Phijillines ; and a St. John the Baptift, by Ra- 

 phael. The firft objecl: which ftnkes the eye of a ftranger 

 on his arrival at this town, is a noble m.arble fountain in the 

 area before the Palazzo Pubhco. The principal figure is a 

 ftatue of Neptune, \ i feet high, with one hand ftretched 

 out, and the other holding the trident. The body and 

 limbs are finely proportioned, the anatomy perfect, and the 

 charafter of the countenance fevere and majeftic. This 

 figure of Neptune, as well as all the others of boys, dol- 

 phins, and fyrens, which furround it, are in bronze. I'he 

 whole is the workmaniliip of Giovanni di Bologna, and is 

 highly efteemed ; and yet there feems to be an impropriety 

 m making water flow from the breafts of the fea-nymplis or 

 fyrens. Over the entrance of this palace is a bronze 

 ftatue of pope Gregory XIII., weighing i i.joo pounds, 

 ana executed by Mmganti. Near it is another ftatue of 

 pope Boniface VIII. The interview between the emperor 

 Charles V. and pope Clement VII. in 1529, when that 

 prince fubmitted to be crowned by the pope, is recorded by 

 an infcription on a copper-plate. In tjie Sampieri palace 

 4Z are 



