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ritory of Italy, in t!'.e ecckHaftical flate, bounded on the 

 r.orth by the Ferrarcfe, on the eall by Romagna, on the 

 fouth by Tufcanv, and on the welt by Modena ; anciently 

 inhabited bv tlie I3oii and Liaiires. It was formerly a re- 

 public, under the protcflion of the emiieror of Germany; 

 but in 127S, it became fnbjeft to pope Nicholas III. After 

 many viciffitudcs, pope Julius II. in 1513, annexed the city 

 of Bologna, and all its dependencies, to the papal dominions ; 

 and in confeqiience of its voluntary fubmiffion to the fee of 

 Rome, it was indulged in feveral privileges, which it conti- 

 nued long to cnioy without molcftation. But after the city 

 of Bologna was taken by the French in the campaign of 1 796, 

 the legations of Bologna, Ferrari Modena, and Reggio, 

 entered into a treaty to form a republic, under the name of 

 the " Republica Cifpadana," or " Cifalpiue Republic ;" 

 which was confirmed by the eighth article of the treaty of 

 Campo Formio, Oclober 17, 1797. 



The foil of this territory is rich and fertile, and in the vici- 

 nity of Bologna it is fo much improved by cultivation, that it 

 appears like one continued garden. The vineyards are not 

 divided by hedges, but by rows of elms and mulberry-trees ; 

 and the vines hang in a very beautiful picturefque manner, in 

 felloons from one tree to another. The country is not only 

 fertile in vir.cs, but likewife in corn, olives, and pafturage, 

 and has, not without rci;fon, acquired the name of " Bologna 

 la Gralfa." The Bologntfe affirm, that their cheefe is not 

 infetior to that of Panna, and they fell a great quantity of it 

 under the name of Parmefan cheefe. See Bologna. 



BOLOGNETTI, Pompev, m Biography, was born at 

 Bologna in Italy, about the year 1616, where he received 

 his education, and attaching himfelf tothepraflice ofphyfic, 

 was admitted dodlor, and then profeffor in medicine, at the 

 univerfity there, in which capacity he was much admired, his 

 leftures being numeroufly attended. His works arc " Con- 

 filium de precautione occafione meicium, ab infultibns immi- 

 nentis contagii," Bono. i6;o, folio ; which perhaps gave 

 birth to Dr. Mead's work on that fubjeft, or fuggefted the 

 idea of it. " Remora fenedlutis," 1650, 4to. Haller. Bib. 

 Med. Eloy. Did. Hiil. 



BOLOGNINI, ANGELus.a celebrated profeflbr of me- 

 dicine andfurgery, who flourithcd the beginning of the i6th 

 century, was born in the neighbourhood of Padua, but prac- 

 tifed and taught medicine at Bologna. At the earned in- 

 ireatv of his pupils, he fays, he publillied, in 1508, " De 

 cura ulcerum interiorum, et de unguentis communibus in fo- 

 lutione continui," 4to. which has been frequently re-printed. 

 He was of the fchool of Avicenna, on vvhofe works he com- 

 mented in his Icftnres. He gives forms for preparing oint- 

 ments with mercury, which he highly extols, and fays, they 

 cure thelues, though the falivary glands fliould not be afifefted, 

 which, however, he admits to be defirable. The latter pait 

 of his hfe was fpent in retirement at Padua. Aftruc. de 

 Morb. Gal. Hall. Bib. Med. 



BOLOTOVA, in Geography, a town of Siberia, 24 miles 

 N.E. of Nertfchink. 



BOLSCHAIA, a town of Siberia, on the Irtilh,240 miles 

 H.S.E.of Toboifk. 



BOLSCHAKINA, a town of Siberia, 68 miles fouth of 

 Orlenga. 



EOLSEC, Jerom, \n Biography, a carmelite of Paris in 

 the ;6th cenfOry, who deferted his order on account of 

 fome free opir.ions, and became a refugee at Ferrara. There 

 he commenced the profcflion of phyfic, and being acquainted 

 with Calvin, removed to Geneva. In this city he divulged 

 fome opinions concerning predeftination, which excited the 

 refentment of the Genevan reformer, and which induced the 

 aagiihatts of Geneva, probably at his inlligation, firil to 



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imprifon him, and finally to banifii hi;n, as one convifted of 

 fedition and Pelagianifm. He was aftcrwar.ls expelled from 

 the canton of Bern, v.-hither he had retired ; and failing in 

 his endeavours to ingratiate him.fclf with the Proteftants of 

 Paris and Orleans, he returned to the bofom of the Catholic 

 church. He then revenged himfclf by writing a very flan- 

 derous account of the life of Calvin in 1577, and another of 

 that of Beza in fjSa, the falfities of which fobcr Catholics 

 are afliamed to quote. He alfo wrote again!! Calvin's in- 

 ftit\ition, and his arguments were afterwards made ufeof by 

 Cardinal de Richthen. Boli'ec praftifed phyfic at Autun, 

 and at Lyons, in which latter city he died, a few years 

 after he had written Beza's life. Gen. Did. 



BOLSENA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the Ecclefi- 

 aftioal Hate, and patrimony of St. Peter, delightfully fitnated 

 on a lake that is of the fame name, which is about .55 Italian 

 miles in circumference. In this lake are two iflands, namely, 

 Bifentina and Martana, with a church in each illand ; in the 

 former the unfortunate Amalafunta, daughter of Theodoric, 

 kino of the Oftrogoths, is faid to have been put to death in 

 5?4, by order of the ungrateful Tlieodatus, her coufm, 

 whom file had ?.dmitted to a (liare in the government. Wc 

 Itarn from Pliny, Hilf. Nat. 1. ii. c. 95, that in his time 

 thefe two iflnnns were floating. He calls this lake Tarqui- 

 nian, a nam.e which it derived from Tarquinium, one of the 

 principal 12 Etrurian cities, whofe territones ancie: tly ex- 

 tended to this lake; but it has been doubted, whether Pliny 

 refers to the iflands of this lake. Bolfena is ennroncd with 

 mountains, covered with trees, forming a kind of anguft 

 amphitheatre. On an eminence near it may be feen the 

 rains of the ancient " V^olhnium." It is 7 miles S. of 

 Orvieto. 



BOLSOVER, a confiderable market town of Derby, 

 fhire, England, has been noted for its manufatfories of 

 buckles, fpurs, bridle-bits, llirrup-irons, and other firailar 

 articles ; but the greater part of them is now made in 

 Birmingham, and its vicinity. The town is governed by 

 a conftable, and two head-boroughs; and a copyhold court 

 is held here every three weeks. Here was fonnerly a caftle, 

 which, according to the Doomfday-book, was pofTeffed, at 

 the Norman conqueft of England, by William Pevere!. It 

 v.-as of confiderable extent, and from its remaining fortifica- 

 tions was evidently of great ftrength. Its fortrefs is men- 

 tioned by Leland, as being in ruins when he vifited this part 

 of England, in the time of Henrv the Eighth. A modern 

 manfion, ftill called the caftle, occupies the fite of the an- 

 cient buildings, and was eredted by Sir Charles Cavendifh 

 in 1613. It is of fquare (liape, and afiumes the caftcllated 

 charafter by towers at the four corners, and an embattled 

 parapet. In this manfion, a fuperb entertainment was given 

 by William Duke of Newcaftle, to Charles the Firft and his 

 queen in the year 1633. Upon this occafion, all the neigh- 

 bouring gentry were invited to partake of tlie fcftival, which 

 was conduced upon fo magnificent a fcaie, that the ex- 

 pences were eftimated as amounting to 15,000!. Grand 

 pageants, Sec. were reprefented before the royal guefts, and 

 the fancy and tafte of Ben Jonfon were employed in pre- 

 paring fpeechts and fcenery upon the occafion. It now 

 belongs to the Duke of Portland, whofe family obtained it 

 by m.arriage with a daughter of the Earl of Oxford. In 

 the parifit church is a magnificent monument to the memory 

 of the above-named Sir Charles Cavendilh, many of whofe 

 family are alfo interred here. Bolfover has a weekly market 

 on Fridays, one annual fair, and a flatute fair for hiring 

 fervants, &c. It is 8 miles from Mansfield, and 1 45 N. W. 

 from London. In the parifli are 435 houfeSj and icgi in- 

 habitants!. 



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