B O L 



J At Elmton, a frr.all village three miles N. E. of Bolfover, 



was born JeckdJab Biiy.'on, a man who, though only a poor 

 labourer, acquired extraordinary celebrity, for his retentive 

 memory, and recondite powers of calculation. 



Three miles north of Bolfover are the great coal works, 

 called Noi bri;T's Colliery. Thefe belong to the Duke of 

 Portland, and are let out to a company of perlons who frfiid 

 great quantities by the canal to Worklop, Redford, Stock- 

 with, &c. Bibliotheca Topographica, No. 32. 



BOLSTER, am.ong Surg^ms, a foft yielding fubllance 

 either laid under the head or a broken limb. 



Bolster is alfo ufed for a Huffing, intending to fill out 

 or raile a flat, finking, or holljw part. In which fcnit hol- 

 ders are contrived for crooked, bunched, and other diftoried 

 backs, fhoulders, &c. 



Bolsters of a fad Me ■, in the Mdi:;re, thofe parts which 

 are raifed on the bows, both before and behind, to rell tlie 

 rider's thighs, and keep hiin in a pollurc of withftanding the 

 diforders which the horfe may occafion. Common faddles 

 have no bolfters behind, or even before. 



BoLSTiRS, in Sea Language, finall cufhions or bags, filled 

 vith tarred canvas or rope yarn, S:c. and placed under the 

 {hrouds and flays, to prevent their chafing againil the treftle- 

 trecs, by the motion of the mad, v.hen the fliip rocks at 

 fea. 



Bolsters are alfo pieces of fir fayed upon the upper 

 fide of the trellle-trees, ar.d againft the thwart-lhip fides of 

 the maft-head. They mull be fuiSciently long to clear the 

 fid-hole and atter crofs-tree, and broad enough to projcft 

 one inch and a half, or more, without the trelUe-trecs, and 

 the fame in depth, and rounded from the upper to the lower 

 edge on the outfide, and nailed to the trefth. -trees at each 

 end. Their ufe is to prevent the (hrouds chafing by the 

 motion of the mails. 



BoLSTEP.s of an anchor are cylir.drical pieces of iron, with 

 a hole through the middle, ufed when holes are to be 

 punched, or opened with piRS. 



BOLSWAERT, Bolswerd, or Bolswert, in Geo- 

 graphy, a town of Friefland, in the United Netherlands, 

 faid to have been built in 713 by Bolfwine, fon of Rad- 

 bode, king of Friefland, from whom it took its name. It 

 was almoft burnt down in 1475, and again in 1515, when 

 it was rebuilt and encompaffed with a rampart of earth. 

 About a league from this town is a port, which, though 

 much ob!lructed by fand, is very ufeful to the inhabitants. 

 Bolfwacrt is about two miles in circumference, and was for- 

 merly one of the Hanfe towns ; and a great part of the Frief- 

 land baize, which formed a confiderable article of exporta- 

 tion, was wove in this place. It is diflant 13 miles S. W. 

 of Leewarden, and 7 S. S. E. of Harhngen. N. lat. 53° 

 2'. E. long. 5° 24'. 



BOLSWERT, or Bolbuerd, Boetius Adam A, in 

 Biography, an engraver and printfellerof Antwerp, derived 

 his name from Bolfwert in Friefland, where his family re- 

 fided, and ilourilhed about the year 1620. He worked only 

 with the graver, and fuccefsfully imitated the free, open 

 ftyle of the Bloemarts, in whofe fchool he probably per- 

 fected himfelf in his art. When he worked from Ruben?, 

 he altered that ftile, and his plates are neater, fuller of 

 colour, and more highly finifiied. His plates from Bloemart 

 are a fet of " Twenty landfcapes," " The foreft of the her- 

 mits and hermitefles of Egypt and Paleftine," and " The 

 Nativity of Chrift :" and thofe from Rubens, in a more 

 finilhed ftile, are the " Refurrection of Lazarus," and its 

 companion " The Laft Supper," which is a very beautiful 

 engraving. Strutt. 



Bolswert, or Bolsuerd, Scheltius A, brother of 



B O L 



tiie preceding, ficirifhed about 1626, ancTworkcd ertirely 

 with the graver. His general charafter, as an artift, is thus 

 defcribed by Bafan : " We have a lar^e number of prints, 

 which are held in great efteem, by this artift, from various 

 mailers, but efpscially from Rubens, whofe piflures he has 

 copied with all pofiible knowledge, tafte, and great effeft. 

 The freedom with which th'S exceller.t artift handled the 

 graver, the pifturefque roughnefs of etching, which he 

 could imitate without any other affifting inftrument, and 

 the ability he poftefTed of diftinjuifhing the different m.aflts 

 of colours, have always been admired by the connoifteurs^ 

 and give him a place in the number of thofe celebrated en- 

 gravers, who are defirous of rendering their works as ufelul 

 as they are agreeable, and of acquirnig a reputation, as 

 lafting as it is juftly merited." His print* are the exadt 

 tranfcripts of the pictures from which he engraved them ; 

 and his laft works, though not equally neat or finifhed, are 

 always beautiful and indicate the hand of a maftcr. His 

 boldeil engravings are from Rubens ; and his neateil from 

 Var.dyck and Jordans. Some of this mafter's works have 

 been carefully copied, fo as eafily to deceive the unllvilful.. 

 Amongft the ellimable engravings of this artiil the follovw- 

 i->g arc mentioned : viz. the " Brazen Serpent," from Ru- 

 bens ; " Abraham offering his fon Ifaac," from Theodore 

 Romb",ut ; the " Education of the Virgin, by St. Anne," 

 the " Marriage of the Virgin," the " Nativity of Chrift," 

 the " Adoration of the Wife Men," the «' Feaft' of Herod," 

 in which the daughter of Herodias is exhibited, prefenting- 

 the head of John the Baptill to his mother, and the " Mi- 

 raculous Draught of Fifties," all from Rnbens ; " Chrift 

 crowned with thorns," from Var.dyck, and a " Cracifi-^ion," 

 from the fame, in which a figure appears prefenting the 

 fponge to Chrift ; St. John and the Virgin are feen ftandin^ 

 at the foot of the crofs, and Mary Magdalene reclining 

 towards it. This is one of his moft beautiful engravings. 

 The Crft impreffion?, in which the left hand of St. John is 

 not feen, are very fcarce ; in the fecond, the hand appears 

 upon the ftioulder of the Virgin ; but in fubfequent impref- 

 fions, the hand was again erafed. Strutt. 



BOLT, in BuihUng, an iron faftening for a door, moved 

 with the hand, and catching in a ftaple or notch made to 

 receive it. Bolts are chiefly of three kinds : plate, round,, 

 znd Jprir:g-icl/s. 



Bolt of a lock is the piece of iron which, entering the fta- 

 ple, faftens the door ; being the part which is moved back- 

 wards and forwards by turning the key. 



Of thefe there are two forts ; one ihuts- of itielf by only 

 putting-to the door, and is called a fpring-boll ; the other, 

 which only moves when the key opens or fhuts it, is called 

 a dormant-holt. 



Bolt is alfo ufed for a large iron pin, having a round' 

 head at one end, and at the other a key-hole or flit, wherein 

 to put a pin or faftening, ferving to make faft the bar of a 

 door, window- fliutter, or the like. 



This is more particularly called a round-bolt, or iv'indorv- 

 bolt. 



Bolts, in the Artillery, are of feveral forts ; thofe which 

 go betwixt the cheeks of a carriage to ftrcngthen the tran- 

 foms are called tranfcm-bolts. The large iron bolts or knobs 

 on the cheeks of a carriage, keep the handfpike from 

 Aiding, when it is poifing up the breech of the piece. The 

 two fiiort bolts that being put one in each end of an Engliflx. 

 mortar-carriage, ferve to traverfe her, are called traverfe- 

 bolts. The bolts that go through the cheeks of a mortar, 

 and, by the help of quoins, keep her fixed at the elevation 

 given her, are called bracket-bolts. And the four bolts that 

 faften the bracket or cheeks of a mortar to the bed, are 



called. 



