B O L 



the fouth-coaft of the county of Devon, 19 miles S. E. of 

 Plymouth, N. lat. 50° 9'. W. long. 30'' 47'. The pro- 

 montory 4* rriles W. N. W. of this is called Bcll-ta'il. 



BOLT and Tun, in Hcraldrj, is a bird bolt in pale pierc- 

 ing throufjh a ton. 



BOLTING, or EouLTiNG, the aft of feparating the 

 flour from the bran, by means of a lieve or bolter. 



BoLTiNG-c/o//', or BoLTER-c/o/A, fometlmes alfo called 

 bultir.^-cloih, denotes a linen or hair-clotii for lifting of meal 

 or flour. 



That kind of bolting-cloth which is ufcd for fifting of 

 meal, and alfo for a variety of needle-work, for young 

 ladies' faniplcrs, and for filling up the frames of window- 

 fcreens, &c. is wove after the manner of gauze of fine-fpun 

 wocllen yarn. The wool neceflary for making this cloth 

 mud be long, wcll-waflied, and fpun to a fine equal thread, 

 which, before it is fcowered, mult be fcalded in hot water, 

 to prevent it from flirinking. The wcb muft be llifFcned ; 

 and ill the manufacture of it the Englifh have the advantage 

 of the Germans, whofe cloth of this kind is much cheaper, 

 but much inferior in value to that of England. The 

 bohing-cloth of this country is ftifPer, as well as fmoother, 

 and the flour palTcs through it much better than through 

 that of the Germans, which is either very little or not at all 

 lliffened. A manuiaftory of this cloth was ettabl'fhcd at 

 Oftra, near Drcfden, by one Daniel Kraft, about the end of 

 the 17th centur)' ; and at Hartau near Zittau, it was intro- 

 duced by one Plefsky, who learned the art of making it in 

 Hungary. The cloth, which is fent from hence for fale, not 

 only every where round the country, but alio to Bohemia, 

 Moravia, and Silefia,is wove in pieces, containing each from64 

 to 6j Leiplick ells; the narrowed being 10, andthe widell 

 14 inches in breadth. Large quantities of it are alfo made 

 by a c<impany in the duchy of Wurtemberg. Bolting-cloth 

 is alio uiade at Gera, as well as at Potfdam and Berlin ; at 

 the latter of which places there is a manufadlory of it earned 

 on by the Jews. 



BoLTiNG-m;//, a verfatile engine for fifting with more 

 eafe and expedition. The cloth round this is called the 

 bolter. 



The method of applying a fieve in the form of an extended 

 baor to the works of the mill, that the meal might fall into 

 it as it came from the ftones, and of caufing it to be turned 

 and fliaken by the machinery, was firll made known in the 

 beginning of the 16th century, as we are exprefsly told in 

 feveral ancient chronicles. 



Bolting, crBooLTiNG, among 6y>6r//?ntn, fignifies rouf- 

 ing ordillodging a fox, rabbit, or badger, from its retting 

 place. 



Bolting, in Latv, a method of pleading, or arguing, 

 formerly in ufe in the inns of court ; interior to mooting. 

 The cafe is argued firtt by three lludents, then by two bar- 

 rillers ; an ancient, and two banitlers iitting as judges. 



The word comes from the Saxon holt, a boufe ; bccaufe 

 done privately within doors, for inftrnftion. 



BOLTON, Edmund, in Biography, an Englifh antiqua- 

 rian writer of the 17th century- . By religious profeflion he 

 was a Roman Catholic, and probably enjoyed fome office 

 under Villiers duke of Buckingham. He was diligent in 

 his refearches into fubjefts of hittory and antiquities, and 

 was the author of feveral works, of which the principal are 

 the following ; viz. " A Life of Henry IL ;" " Elements 

 of Armories," Lond. 4to, i6to ; " A tranflation of 

 Florus ;" " Nero Caefar, or Monarchy depraved," Lond. 

 fol. 1624, in which he attempts to eftablilli the improbable 

 opinion, that Stonehenge was a monument to the memory 

 «f queen Boadicea. His " Vindiciae Britannic*," left in 



B O L 



MS., was dcfigncd to prove the great antiquity and early 

 importance of London. From all his performances, Bolton 

 appears to have poflefied the crednhty, nationality, and love 

 of trifles, often attendant on antiquarian liucHc?, when they 

 are not direfted by taile and judgment. The time of his 

 death is not known. Biog. Brit. 



Bolton, in Geography, a village of Yorkfliire, in England, 

 had a vei-y confiderable monaftery of canons regular, of the 

 order of St. Auftiii, founded in 1120 by Robert de Romeli, 

 and this had afterwards other benefactors, and at the dif- 

 fclution its annual revenu-.s were valued at 212 1. Part of 

 the religious houfe ftill remains, and one room is appropriated 

 to a free fchool, which was founded by Robert Boyle, efq. 

 Tliis village is rendered remarkable from being the birth- 

 place and refidence of Henry Jenkins, who was born in the 

 year 1500, and lived to the great age of i6g years. He 

 enjoyed a conllant ftate of good health, and poflefTed his 

 faculties to the lait year of his life. See Longevity. 



BoLTON-Zf-Ti/aarj, is an ancient manufacturing town of 

 cor.liderable confequence in Lancalhire, in England. It may 

 be confidered as the original feat of the cotton trade in this 

 country, and for the manufacture of ornamental and fancy 

 goods is I'cill particularlv celebrated. Leland, in his Itinerary, 

 notices the cottons (then a Ipecies of woollen) and coarfe 

 yarns which were brought to this town in his time, and 

 obfei-ves, that many villages in the vicinity were engaged in 

 this manufacture. Coal-pits were alfo worked at th.at time, 

 and coals are flill obtained in abundance from pits in the neigh- 

 bourhood. The making of fultians was introduced into this 

 town, at a very early period, and ilill continues a prominent ob- 

 ject of trade. During the civil wars in the ic'gn of Charles I., 

 Bolton was befieged by prince Rupert in 1644, and many 

 of the inhabitants were killed. The town is well built, and 

 has rapidly encreafed in iize and population. It is feated 

 in a flat dillnft, as its name partly implies. The advantasje 

 of canal conveyance to Mancheller and Bun,-, has proved 

 highly important to the town, whofe manufactories are 

 thereby greatly promoted. Bolton has a free fchool, 

 of which Ainfworth, the author of the Latin dictionary, 

 v.-as once a matter. The profperity of Bolton may be 

 partly eltimated from the following comparative ftate of its 

 population. In the year 1773, there were 5339 inhabitants 

 in this town and Little Bolton. Thele were augmented to 

 11,739 perfons in 1789 ; and in iSci, when the population 

 of the country was ettimattd by order of the houfe of Com- 

 mons, there were found to be .3476 houfts, and 17,413 in- 

 habitants in the townlhip and chapclry of Great and Little 

 Bolton. The principal mart for the fale of goods made at 

 this place is Manchcfter, where the manufacturers refort on 

 Tueldays, Thurfdays, and Saturdays. " The neighbourhood 

 of Bolton," obferves the judicious Dr. Aikin, " has been 

 diftinguilhed for producing nien of great talents in mechanical 

 invention, who have generally been wholly uneducated, and 

 indebted only to native powers, and the habit of obfervation. 

 The moft celebrated of thcfe was fir Richard Arkwright, 

 of whom falfe pride and prejudice alone can think it deroga- 

 tory to lay, that he parted a great part of his life in the 

 humble Ration of a barber in the town of Bolton. His 

 mind was fo ardently engaged in the improvement of the 

 mechanifm ufed in the manufactures, that he could fcarcely 

 keep above want by the exercife of his proper profeflion ; 

 but his perfeverance and ingenuity were at length rewarded 

 with a mcafure of opulence, which nothing but the tide of 

 profperity in a commercial nation could bettow." See 

 Arkwright. 



At Smitheh, an old hall, or manfion, north of Bolton, 

 formerly belonging to the Fauconberg family, is a curious 



old 



