B O L 



oU wainTcolteH room, \he pannels of wliich are adorned vvll'n 

 upwards of p heads, cut in wood. This I'.a!! is ihtwn and 

 vilitiJ as a curiolity, from a fiiperftitious prevalent opinion 

 that an in~.prcflioii of a foot may be feen in the ftone floor 

 niadt by une Marfli a martyr, in the rci^n of queer, Mary. 



Rivia^lon, in the parifli of Bolton, is a confpicnous hi!!, 

 crowntd with a buildir.ir called lvivinwton-p:ke. Some veins 

 of lead and calamine have bee:i work'.d r.i this r,-.i;^hbov.r- 

 hcod, but have not hitherto proved very fortunate to the 

 adventurers. 



rjoltun is It miles from Manchefler, and 197 m:ks N. W. 

 of London. It has a market on Mond:iys, and two fa.rs 

 Eunnally. Aikin's Defciiption of th.e Coiintry round Mau- 

 •cheilcr, 4to. 1795. 



Bolton, a townfliip of America, in Chittenden coupty, 

 Vermont, feated oti Onion river, about 104 miles N. N. F.. 

 fro:n Bennington, containing 88 inhabitants. — Alfo, a tovn- 

 Ihip in ToUand county, Connefticut, incorporated in 1720, 

 and fettled from Wcathcrstield, Hartford, and Windfor, 

 14 miles E. from Hartford. — Alfo, a townfhip in Worcefter 

 county, MafTachufetts, iH miles N. E. from Worcefter, 

 and H ^^- ^'"'^ Bofton ; containing 861 inhabitants, and 

 a good bed of lime'.lone. 



BOLTONIA, in Botany, (named by L'Heretier, in ho- 

 nour of James Bolton, late of Halifax, in Yorivfliue, a felf- 

 taught naturalilland artill in a humble fphere of life, author 

 of the " Hillory of Britilb Singing Birds," 2 vols. 4to. 

 of " Brithli Fern's," 4to. and of " Fungufes growing about 

 Halifax," 4 vols. 410. with figures of the fpecies, all drawn, 

 etched, and coloured by himfelf.) L'Heret. Sert. Angl. 

 p. 31;, .56. Schreb. 1 309. Juffieu 45c. Bofc. Nov. Dift. 

 Clafs, Jyngen^Jiii polygam'ia fuperjiuct. Nat. Ord. Compnfila 

 radiiits. — Corymhifcy,z. Juff. 



Gen. Char. Cal. common ; imbricate, with nearly equal 

 linear, acute fcalcs. Cor. compound, radiate ; florets of 

 the dilk tubular, funnel-fliaped, five-cleft, numerous ; of the 

 ray many, linear, entire, pilliliferous. (Schreb. 1 three-tooth- 

 ed. (Bofc.) P'ljl. germ oblong; llyle filiform; fligmas 

 two, thofe of the ray re^lute. Pcncnrp. none ; calyx un- 

 changed. Seed folitary, compreffed, flightly toothed, two- 

 horned ; receptacle naked, honey-combed, hemilpheric. 



EfT. Char. Cal. common, imbricate, with linear fcales. 

 Cor. radiate. Gerr.is compreffed, vertical. Seed obfcurely 

 toothed, two-horned. Recept. honey-combed. 



Species, I. B. ajlerohlcs, (matricaria aff. Linn. Mant. 

 116). "Leaves quite entire." Stem upright, two feet 

 high, even, fcarcely angular, flightly flrcaked ; leaves alter- 

 nate, remote, feffile, lanceolate, even, bent down at the bale, 

 ragged about the edge ; panicle thin, (liffifh, with one- 

 flo.vered peduncles ; diik yellow ; ray pale fleib-colour. 

 3. B. glajl'ifolia. " Low er leaves ferrate," Five or fix feet 

 high. Both fpecies are natives of South America, flower 

 late in the autumn, and w-cre cultivated by Mr. Miller in 



'758- 



BOLTSACKEN, or Bolts.ick, in Gfogrnphy, rocks 



at the N. entrance of the Great Belt, 5 miles S. E. from 



the ifland of Sarafoe. N. lat. 5^;° 415'. E. long. 10° 



40'. 



BOLTY, in Ichlhyolugy, a fifh of the L.^brus genus, 



{Labrus nUotkus of Linnaus), that is found in the Nile. It 



is figured and defcribed by Sonnini, in his " Voyage tn 



Egypte." This, it is obferved, is one among the fmall 



number of filhcs that inhabit the river Nile, the flelh of 



which is delicate, and of a good flavour. Daubenton, in 



the French Encyclopaedia, calls the fpecies Nebuletix, on 



account of the obfcure fpots with which the fins are 



marked. 



B O L 



EOLTZNITZ, in Geography, a river of Germany, 

 v.-l'.ich runs into the Elfter near Elfterwtrda, in the margia- 

 vir.te of Meiifen. 



BOI^U, a mountain of Afia, in Armenia, 144 miles S. E. 

 of Erivan. 



BOLUADIN, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro- 

 vince of Natolia, 28 miles N. of Kara-hiflar. 



BOLUC baji, in the Turk'tjh JJairs, denotes the chief of 

 a company, or a captain who has the command of an hun- 

 dred jani/aries. 



BOLUliUS, in Andent Geography., a town of Greeci?, 

 i!i Thefprutia. — Alfo, a town of Illyria, which belonged to 

 the Traliians. Steph. Byz. 



BOLUS, in Pharmacy, is a very ufeful form of extempo- 

 raucous prtfcription adapted to a variety of cafes in which 

 a more folid or a more liquid form would not anfwer the 

 purpofe. The confidence of a bolus is the fame as that of 

 an cleftuary, that is, about as foft as dough, fo as eafily lo 

 flip down the throat without falling to pieces. As it mud 

 in fime degree be tafl.ed while fwallowed, it generally confiils 

 of the medicine in powder, worked up to the proper tena- 

 city by means of fome grateful fyrup, foft extraft of liquorice, 

 or a palatable conferve ; or, if the medicine be an oil, balfam, 

 or other liquid, dry fugar, with flour, almond-palle, and the 

 like, are added to bring it to the due confidence. It is in- 

 tended to be only a fingle dole. 



The fubdanccs mod proper to be exhibited in this form 

 are thofe that are very heavy, and fcarcely to be fufpended 

 in any liquid fo as to be drank off, fuch as calomel, tin- 

 powder, deel-filings, xthiops mineral, or thofe that are 

 too bulkv to be made into a convenient number of pillo, 

 and are naufeated by the patient in a liquid form, fuch as 

 cinchona, chamomile, burnt-fpong?, Dover's powder, vale- 

 rian root ; or fome of the dronger acrids and aromatics, 

 as guaiacum, camphor, muflc, cador, ammonia : or thofe 

 that are little foluble in the domach, unlefs previcufly 

 mixed with fome eafily foluble matter, and yet do not readilv 

 combine with liquid fufficient to be drank off, as oil of tur- 

 pentine, the balfams and the like, mixed with fugar and 

 flour. BolulTes diflfer from troches in iliis, that the latter 

 are made firmer, though equally iolublc, and being intended 

 for flow fclution in the mouth ; they confift only of infipid, 

 or not unpalatable ingredients. Subdances that readily- 

 become very moid, fuch as the kali preparatum, fliould not 

 be ufed in this form, unlefs the bolus is intended to be 

 taken immediately ; but on this head lefs caution is required 

 than in compounding electuaries. 



This form of medicine fliould be avoided where the patient 

 is in a date in which the power of fw.illovving is with difti- 

 culty exercifed, as in apoplexy, and other comatoft diforders ; 

 in fome fpafmodic and painful affettions of the throat ; or 

 where the cefophagus is naturally very narrow. Alarming 

 accidents have fometimes arifen from a negleft of thefe 

 precautions. It is Hkewife difficult to get very young chil- 

 dren to fwallow tlicm, unlefs made extremely thin. Thefe 

 minutioe will not appear trifling to thofe who are in the 

 habit of perlonally witnefling the trouble and difiiculty which 

 daily attend the exhibition of medicines, and are fo liable 

 to defeat the mod judicious plans of the prefcriber. 



In hofpitals and difpenfaries this form is very commonly 

 adopted, as it is prepared with little trouble, and is economical 

 in the more expenfive drugs, no more of them being 

 employed than the immediate wants of the patient re- 

 quire. 



BohVS-HeaJ, in Geography, a cape of Ireland, on the 

 fouth-wed coad of the county of Kerry, 38 miles S. W. of 

 Killarney. N. lat. 51° 44'. W. long. 10"=' 12'. 



BOLWICK, 



