BON 



\>y the nofe ; whence the origin of the popular menace, to 

 puil a man by the nofe. 



BONDELIA, in ylncitnt Geography, a town of Italy, in 

 Etruria. Ptolemy. 



BONDENO, or BuOKDKNO, in Geo^raphv, a town of 

 Italy, in the duchy of Ferrara, at the conflux of the Panaro 

 and Po, 9 miles W. of Ftrrara. 



BONDMAM, Bond us, formjd from the Saxon bond., 

 fignifying ?l fetter, in the Eiigl'ifa Laiv, is ufed for a villain, 

 or tenant in vilknage. See Villain. 



The Romans had two kii.ds of bondmen ; one called /iiT/, 

 w!io were thofe either bought for money, taken in v\ar, left 

 by fucceffion, or purchafed by fome other lawful acquifition; 

 or ehe born of their bondwomen, and called ■verns. Both 

 are called in our law villains in grofs, as being immediately 

 bound to the perfon and his heirs. We may add a third 

 kind of bondmen mentioned by Juftinian, called adfcr'iptitii 

 gleba, or agr'tcenjul; who were not bound to the perlon, but 

 to the ground or place, and followed him who had the land. 

 1'hefc, in our law, are called •villains regardants, as belong- 

 ing to the manor or place. 



In the Engliili as well as vScottifh laws, thofe called by 

 the Romans -jerna, are fometimes alfo denominated natlvi, 

 as being barn on the land. See Nativus. 



BONDORF, in Geography, a country' of Germany, in 

 the circle of Swabia, about live leagues long, and between 

 one and three broad, lying between the Brifgaw and the 

 landgraviates of Baar and Stuhllngen. It had formerly lords 

 of its own, but in 1613 was purchafed by the abbey of St. 

 Blaife. It is aflclfed in the imperial matricula, at 2j florins, 

 .;o kruitzers ; and its contingency to the cliamber, at Wetz- 

 lar, is 12 rixdollars, iji kruitzers. This teiritory com- 

 prehends the town of Bondorf, 28 miles N. N. W. of Zuric, 

 and teveral villages. 



BONBOU, a kingdom of Weftem Africa (formerly a 

 part of the kingdom of Bambouk), the capital of which is 

 Fatteconda, near the eaftern bank of the river Faleme. 

 This kingdom is bounded on the north by Kajaaga, on the 

 eaft by Bambouk, on the fouth-ealt and fouth by Tenda and 

 the Simbani v.ildemefs, on the fouth-well by Woolli, and 

 on the well by Foota ToiTa. It lies between N. lat. 13" 32' 

 and 14^52', and between W. long. 10° 8' and 11° i8'. 

 Mr. Park, in his inurney through this kingdom towards the 

 call, found that the country, {hough covered with woods, 

 like that of Woolli, roie into hills, eipecially towards the 

 Faleme river, and that the foil varied to a cor.fidcrable de- 

 gree ; but wherever the land was cleared, great natural fer- 

 tihty was oblcrvable. Bondou, in particular, may hterally 

 Le pronounced " a land flowing with milk and honey." 

 Both thtfe articles, together with rice, and Indian corn of 

 two or three fpecies, were to be obtained at a fmall expence. 

 Of their honey, the unconverted or pagan natives make an 

 intoxicating liquor, much the fame as the mead, or nicthcg- 

 Jin, of Europe ; and this, and the wine of the palm-tree, con- 

 Aitute their principal hquors. The price of a fowl in Bon- 

 dou was a button, or a fmall bit of amber ; goat's flefli and 

 mutton were proportionably cheap ; and for lix or eight 

 amber beads Mr. Park might at any time have purchafed a 

 bullock. I'lic domellic animals are nearly the fime as in 

 Europe. Swine are found in the woods, but tlicir flelh is 

 not eileemed. Probably the marked abhorrence with which 

 this animal is held by the votaries of Mahomet l:as fpread 

 it feif among the Pagans. Poultry of all kinds, the turkey 

 excepted, may be had every where. The Guii)ea fowl and 

 red partridge abound in the fields ; and the woods furnilh a 

 fmall Ipecics of antelope, of which the venifon is highly and 

 defervedlv prized. Of ihc other wild animals ia the Maii- 

 VOL. iV. 



BON 



dingo countries, the moft common are the hy»na, the pan- 

 ther, and the elephant. But of the method of taming the 

 latter animal, and applying his ferviccs to the nle of man. 

 the natives of Africa are totally ignorant ; and when they 

 were told by Mr. Park, that this was done in the eail, thev 

 treated the information with contempt, and exclaimed 

 " Tobaubio fonnio," i. e. the white man's lie. They find 

 means, however, to deflroy the wild elephants by fire-srms 

 for the fake of theii- teeth, which they transfer in barter to 

 thofe who fell them again to the Europeans. Tliey cat the 

 flefli, and deem it a great delicacy. The paftures of Bofi- 

 dou furnifli an excellent breed of horfes ; but the ufual bealf 

 of burthen in all the negro territories is the afs. The applica- 

 tion of animal labour to the purpoies of agriculture is no 

 where adopted, and the plough is an inilrument altogether 

 unknown. The chief implement ufed in hufhandry is the 

 hoe, which in different diftricts is of various forms ; and 

 labour is univerfally perfornred by flaves. The Mandingoes 

 cultivate, befides the grains proper to tropical climates, 

 ground-nuts, yams, and pompions. They hicewife raife 

 cotton and iridigo, and they produce of thefe materials a 

 tolerably fine cloth, of a rich blue colour; and they make 

 good foap from a mixture of ground-nuts and a ley of wood- 

 aflies. Their trade with the whites is compofed of (laves, 

 gold-duft, ivory, and bees-wax. Their inland traffic confiils 

 chiefly of fait, which is procured from the Moors, in barter 

 for corn and blue cloth, and of warlike ftores, which are ob- 

 tained from the European traders on the Gambia river. 

 Thefe are lold ag^in to itinerant merchants, called " Slat- 

 tees," who come down annually from diftant countries, with 

 flaves, and a commodity called " Shea-toulou," which is an 

 excellent fort of butter, produced from the kernel of a nut 

 boiled in water. They alfo bring down fmall quantities of 

 iron, which is manufaclured in thi interior diflricls ; but 

 thofe articles of this m.etal which are in ufe among the na- 

 tives of the coaft, are made of iron from Europe. The 

 natives of the Gambia countries are alio fupplied, in con- 

 fiderable quantities, with fweet fmelling gums and frankin- 

 cenfe, which are the produce of Bondou. 



Bondou is chiefly inhabited by Foulahs, a race of negroes, 

 who lead a wandering life, and employ themfclves chiefly in 

 the pallurage of cattle, and the cultivation of corn. Among 

 thefe, however, are a great number of Mandingoes, by whom 

 the trade of the country is chiefly conducted. The govern- • 

 ment in Bondou, and in all the adjacent petty ftates, is 

 monarchical, but no where abfolute. The pcrlons, who are 

 called chief-men, conltitutc a fort of ariftocracy, which ferves 

 much to rellrain the powers of the fovereign. The king 

 cannot declare war, nor conclude a peace, without their ad- 

 vice. When Mr. Park vifited Bondou, the king was a 

 " Soninkee," or Pagan, like the king of Woolli ; but he 

 had adopted the Moorifli name of Almami, and with the 

 name he leemcd to have injbibed foniewhat of the ^'oorifl^ 

 difpofition ; for although the traveller had prefcnted to him 

 his umbrella, and lome other articles, he compelled him, as 

 he had before compelled maior Houahton, to flrip in his 

 prefence, and uirrendcr his coat, which, he faid, l;e (hould 

 rcferve for his own wearing, on great ar.d public feflivals. 

 In return, however, he gave Mr. Park five miiikallies (drams) 

 of gold-dull, and loaded him with provifions. Every con- 

 ildcrable town is under the immediate government of a ma- 

 gillrate, called the " Alkaid ;" bv whom the duties and 

 cufloms on itinerant traders, which are paid in kind (the 

 oirly fyllem of taxation), are levied. The office is hereditary . 

 The people of the lower claffes are in a ftate of flavcry, or 

 vaffalage, to iiidividual proprietors ; bnt the power of tf.e- 

 maller is faf from being unlimited. He may punifh his 

 5 C ■ flave 



