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feme of thefe teelli have 12 points, others 6, others 4. 

 4. The rhiaoceros. The fett and fragments of the jaws of 

 this animal are found in France, and elfcwhere, in which the 

 author has hitherto obferved nothing which differs from the 

 common rhinoceros j bii.t, as he has not yet feen an entire 

 bone, he cannot pofitively affirm that they are identical. 5-The 

 fpccies of rhinoceros, with an oblong cranium, which is 

 found in Siberia, Germany, and other countries. The author 

 has feen teeth, and parts of tlie jaw-bones, found in France, 

 which appeared to him likewifc to belona; to this animal ; the 

 principal charafler of this fpecics confiils in the long clofure 

 of the nofe : the living analogous animal is unknown. 6. A 

 molar tooth v\'nli two tranfvcrfal eminences, which is in 

 the polleffion of Citizen Giliet ; and of which the National 

 Mnfeum pofll-fFes a young tooth that refemblcs neither the 

 teeth nor the germs of any animal yet knowm, whether Hv- 

 ing or foffil : the only tooth which this (lightly relembles 

 is the lall mola; tooth of the rhinoceros. This tooth, there- 

 fore, indicates the exigence of a fixth foffd fpecies, of 

 which the living analogous animal is unknown. 7. The 

 animal, twelve feet in length, and fix in height, of which 

 the Ikeleton was found under ground at Paraguay, and is 

 preferved in the royal cabinet of Spain, at Madrid. The 

 author proves by a detailed comparifon of the bones, with 

 thofe of all the known quadi-upeds, that it is a proper and 

 diilindl fpecies, more nearly approaching the floth than any 

 other ge.nis, and that it may be called the giant floth. 

 Citizen Cuvicr, in this place, comm.unicates the interefting 

 difcovery he has made, that the floth {brarlypus iridaByhu, 

 Lin.) has naturally and conftantly nine cervical vertebrae. 

 It is the firll known exception, cttablilhed by Citizen Dau- 

 benton, that all quadrupeds have neither more nor lefs than 

 feven cervical vertebrae. 8. The animal, of which the re- 

 mains are found in the caverns near Gaylenreuth and Mug- 

 gendorf, in the margraviatc of Bayreuth, in Fiaiiconia. 

 Various authors have confidered it as a white bear ; but 

 It differs from this animal, as well as from all the known 

 bears, in the form of its head, which is particularly cha- 

 rafterifed by the projection of the front, by the abfence of 

 the fmall tooth, which all the known bears have behind each 

 canine tooth, by the offeous channel of the humerus, in 

 which the brachial artery pafTes, and by feveral other cir- 

 cumllances in the figure and proportion of the bones. This 

 animal, ho.vever, refembles the bear more particularly than 

 any other kind. 9. The carnivorous animal of which the 

 bones are found in the plailler-ftone of Montemartre : the 

 form of its jaws, the number of its molar teeth, and the 

 points with which they are armed, indicate that'this fpecies 

 is referable to the genus canis ; but it does not completely 

 refemble any fpecies of this genus. The moil iiriking 

 diftinflive mark is, that the feventh molar tooth is the greateil 

 in the aninial of Montemartre, v^hereas the fifth is the largeft 

 in dogs, wolves, foxes, &c. 10. The animal of which the 

 lower jaw was found near Verona, has been confidered by 

 Jofeph Monti as a portion of the cranium of the fea-cow ; a 

 notion which all the geologifts have adopted, though it be 

 the contrary to the moll fimple notions of comparative ana- 

 tomy. This jaw, according to Curier, has belonged to an 

 animal reftmbling, though fpecifically different from, the 

 mammouth, the animal of the Oliio, and that of Simore. 

 Its mod particular charafter confiils in the curve which 

 forms its fymphyfis. 11. The animal of the flag kind of 

 which the bones and the antlers are found in Ireland, in 

 England, at Maeftricht, &c. It is fufficiently different from 

 ail the flags, and even the elk, to which it has been referred, 

 by the enormous magnitude of its antlers, the flattening of 

 their fuperior part, and the branches which fpring from 



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their bafe. Several figures of thefe are given in the Philo- 

 fophical Tvanfaftions. 12. The genus of the ox or beeve 

 alone affords feveral foffil fpecies : the craniums of tvvo were 

 found in Siberia, which have been defcribedby Pallas, who re- 

 ferred one of them to the ordinary buffalo ; but he has fince 

 attributedthem to a peculiar fpecies, nativesof Thibet, named 

 arni. Citizen Cnvier proves, by ofleologic companion, that 

 thofe craniums have not belonged to the buffalo. The other 

 appeared to Pallas to have belonged to the buffalo of the 

 Cape, or the mulk ox of Canada. Citizen Cuvier ihews 

 that they cannot have belonged to the former ; but not 

 being in poffcffion of the cranium of the arni, nor the mufi< 

 ox, he makes no decifion refpeiiling their identity with the 

 fo.Til craniums. 



The author likewife defcvibes two kinds of craniums 

 which have be^n found in the turf-pits of the department of 

 I^a Somme, which greatly refemble our common ox, and 

 that of L'Aurouchs, but are more than one fourth longer. 



From this inquiry the Citizen Cuvitr concludes, i. That 

 it is not true to affirm that the animals of the iouth have for- 

 merly lived in the north, their fpecies not being perfectly 

 identical. 2. That in every country thei-e have lived animals 

 which do not at prefcut exitt, either on the fame fpot, or 

 elfcwhere in any knov.n country. Hence he leaves to geo- 

 logiRs, the talk of making, in their fyflems, fuch changes or 

 additions as they may think belt fuited to explain the faiSs 

 which he has thus tilablifhed. 



Bone is alfo applied abulively in fpeaking of other mattei-s 

 which bear fome analogy, either in refpcCl of llruilure or 

 office, to the bones of animals. 



In this fenfe rocks are fometimes called the bones of the 

 earth. Divers fpecies of figured ftoues, as the ccphautes, 

 cardites, iffc. are denominated mineral bones, enolta, ofteo- 

 coUa, Sec. Some naturalills confider (hells as a fpecies of 

 bones. The lobtter, according to Fonteuelle, is an animal 

 which cari-ies its bones on its outfide. 

 Pones, Giants. See Giants bones. 

 Bones, Mammnnth. See Mammouth. 

 BoNE^/frf. See Bon-Y\9.i.. 

 'BotiE-Zace. See L.\CE. 



Bone, /jiirk, NeJ>er's, quitter, 7-ir.g, 'whak. Sec the feveral 

 articles. 



BONEF, in Geography, z toww TinA abbey of the Nether- 

 lands, in the county of Namur, 3 leagues north of Namur. 



BONENCONTRE, a town of France in the department 

 of the Cote d'Or, and chief place of a canton, 5 nines S. W. 

 of St. Jean. 



BONETTA Shoal, hes about N. E. by E. from Bona- 

 vifta ifland, one of the Cape de Verd iflands, dillant from it 

 about 12 or 14 leagues. 



BONEZIDA, a town of Tranfilvania, on the Samos, 12 

 miles N. of Claufenburg. 



BONFADIO, James, in Biography, an eminent Itali>;r5 

 fcholar of the i6th century, was born at Gorzano, in the 

 Brefcian territory, and iludied in the univerfity of Padua. 

 From thence he went to Rome, where, for fome time, he 

 ferved the cardinals Merino and Ghinucci, as feeretary ; and 

 after wandering from place to place, he refumcd his ftudies 

 at Padua, where he was probably employed in the inftruftion 

 of youth. Deriving from none of his employments more 

 than a precarious fubfi Hence, he was, m 1545, invited to the 

 chair of philofophv, in the city of Genoa, to which was unit- 

 ed the office of hiltoriographer, with a confiderable penfion. 

 Whilll he was bufily profecuting his ftudies, he was charged 

 and convifted of an unnatural crime ; beheaded in prifon ; 

 and his body was publicly burnt in July 15 jo. Asa writer 

 in the Latin and Italian languages, both in profe and verfe, 

 8 he 



