B O R 



savigetors was afterwarjs puhlifhtvl at Paris in 1 776, in 2 

 »ola. 4to., under the title of " Voyage fait par ordre dii 

 Roi. in 1771 a;;d J 772, &c." in vvliicli Borda's fliarc was 

 not the lealk confidcrable. An account of the refnlt of this 

 expedition may be alfo found in the Memoirs of tiic Paris 

 Academy for 1773. '^° Boida the puhhc arc likewife in- 

 debted for the bell cliiit of the CanaiT iflands, which ferved 

 •s a model for the v.diiabk map of thofe iflanc'.s, pi:bli(hcd 

 in Spiin in 17^8. l:i 1774. he undertook a vpyaije to the 

 Azores, the eape Vrrd iilindL-, and the coall of Africa. In 

 the year 17S-, he paUhlh-d a valuable work'j-'ehtitled " Dc- 

 fcription ct ufajje dii circle dc Reflexion, "-in which he re- 

 vived the ufe of the rcrteftirjj circle propofcd by Tobias 

 Maver i.i ij'/'. He was the lirll founder of the Ichools of 

 navS: architcAiire in France, and formed the pl:in of educa- 

 tion, and the rtsjulations to be adopted in tlicfe feminaries. 

 He alfo applied the principles of Euler to the uniform 

 coMllruftion of fliips, fo th:it ali thofe of tiie French navy 

 might be equal witli refpeift to failing. And the advantajijes, 

 in point of fo;m, with rcfjard to quick failing and manoeuvr- 

 ing, poilcfTed by French ihips wiiicli are conllruclcd on true 

 mathematical principles, and aftually acknowledged by ex- 

 perienced Britilh officers, hav;' been principally owing to 

 the gcnin.;, knowledge, and exertions of Borda. He iike- 

 wife brjught into ufe Mayer's old method of meafuring 

 terreftrial angles, after it had been long neglected ; applied 

 it to adronomical oblervations ; and invented a circle on a 

 new conllruilion, with moveable tciefcopes, together with 

 other inlirurnents ; fuch as metallic rules for meafuring bafes, 

 which were ufed in the new mcafuremeut of an arc of the me- 

 ridian in France ; and to the labours of Borda the accuracy 

 of this meafurement has been julUy afcribed. He took the 

 motl aclive part in the late reform of v/cights antl mealures 

 introduced in France ; and he caufcd to be calculated and 

 printed, at his own expence, the logarithms of the dtdmal 

 parts of the circle, according to the new divifion into 400 

 parts. In 1792, he invented inftriiments and methods for 

 determining, with a precifion before unknovvu, the length 

 of a pendulum, fwinging fcconds at Paris. M. Lalande 

 has publilhed, in his Abridgment of Navigation, Borda's 

 new method for gauging veiTels, together with the tables. 

 Borda was infpeftor of the dock-yards, in which fituation 

 government put great confidence in his talents ; and, in 1797, 

 he was one of the candidates for the office of direftor of the 

 French republic. Although his health had been much im- 

 paired, in confequence of ferving in the American war with 

 d'Eftaingin 1777 and 1778, he continued to employ hlmfelf 

 in a variety of ufeful labours. At length, however, a dropfy 

 of the bread proved fr.tal to him, on the 2Cth of February, 

 1799, in the 64th year of his age. Lalande's Hilt. Aftron. 

 for J 799. 



BORDAGE, the condition 01 fervice of the tordarii. 

 Du-Cange. Gloff. Lat. 



BORDAIIII, often mentioned in the Domefday inquifi- 

 tion, were diftindl from tlie/'rw and villmii, and feem to be 

 thofe of a Icfs fervile condition, who had a lord, or cot- 

 tage, with a fmall parcel of land allowed to them, on 

 condition they (hould fupply the lord with poultry and eggs, 

 and other fmail provifions for his board and entertainment. 

 Though, according to Spelman, the tordarii were inferior to 

 •eillani, as being limited to a fmall number of acres. 



BoRDARii alfo denote fervajits, or workmen, employed 

 about the houfe in the necefiary offices of fetching wood, 

 drawing water, grinding corn, cleaning yards, and the like : 

 by which they Hand diEinguinxed from villani, employed in 

 the tillage of lands. See Villain. 



BOIIBAT, ia Commerce, a fmall narrow fluff which is 



B O R 



manufactured in fome parts of Egypt, particularly at Cairo, 



Alexandria, and Damietta. 



BORD-BRIGCH, Borg-lryce, or Btirgh-bry.-h, Sax. in 

 Engiyb /Inliquily, a breach, or violation of fuietylhip, pledge- 

 breach, or breach of mutual fidelity. 



BORDE, Andrew, or, as he calls himfelf, Andreas Per. 

 foratus, in Biography, was born at I'evc: fe-y in SufTex, in 

 the early part of the 1 6th century, and entered early among 

 the Carthulians. Qnitting his monailery, he went to 

 Montpcllier, and applied h'mfelf to the Ihidy of medicine, 

 and in 1 542, was made a doftor in that faculty. He now 

 returned to England, and having been admitted of the uni- 

 verfity of Oxford, he came to London, and was made 

 fellow of the Royal College of Phyficians, which had 

 been lately eilablilhed here, and one of the phyficians to king 

 Henry VIII. at Wincheller, where he principally rtfided 

 and pradlifed. Though advanced to thefe honours, his 

 works, full of grofs and barbarous errors, fhew' he was but 

 moi'eiately (killed in languages. He, however, aileCted 

 to Ijf l.arned, generally beginning his accounts of dileafes, 

 with giving the Greeii, Latin, and Arabic names by which 

 they were known. His " Breviary of Health," containing 

 a .Oiort account of all difeafes and their retr.edies, was pub- 

 lilhed in 1 '547. This was republiflied in London in 4to. in 

 1575, with fome additions which the author had called 

 the extravagants. He was alio author of a compendious 

 regimeiitc, or dietary of health, made in mount Pyllor, 

 which was publiihed in 1,562, and of a book on prognortics, 

 and on urines. Boide was alfo a wit and a poet. He pub- 

 liihed " Tales of the mad men of Gotham," a book Hill 

 remembered ; and a very fingular work, partly profe, partly 

 in verle, which he called " The Introdiittion of Knowledge, 

 &c." dedicated to the princefs, afterwards queen Mary. 

 Before the firft chapter is a wooden print of a naked man, 

 with a piece of cloth and a pair of (hears, with this in- 

 fcription : 



" I am an Englifiiman, and naked I (land here. 

 Muling in my mind what raiment I (hall wear : 

 For now I will wear thys, and now I will wear that. 

 And now I will wear I cannot tell what, &c." 



The thought, Dr. Aikin fays, is taken froln the Vene- 

 tians' defcription of a Frenchman. It was probably in con- 

 fequence of his having taken more liberty than was allowed 

 at that time with fome perfon in power, that he was thrown 

 into the Fleet prifon, where he died in 1549. Haller Bib. 

 Med. Aikin's Biog. Mem. 



BORDEAUX, HI Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Drome, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the didiift of Die, to miles S. W. of Die ; the place con- 

 tains 1 18 1, and the canton 3885 inhabitants : the territory 

 comprehends ip/i^ kiliometres and 9 communes. 



BORDEKOW, a town of Poland, m the palatinate 

 of Lemberg : ,56 miles S. of Lemberg. 



BORDELIE'RE, in Ichthyology, the common French 

 name of a fi(h included in the Cvprinus genus, that is 

 found in the lakes of cold mountainous countries. This 

 appellation appears to be indifferently applied to the cyprinus 

 baiterus, and cyprinus hlicca of Bloch. 



BORDENAVE, Tous/saint, in ^/ojra/Z^, was born 

 at Pans in 1728. Having di(lingui(hed himfelf for his in- 

 dnftry and (l<ill in his profeflion, he was admitted member of 

 the college cf furgeons there in 1750, and profeffor of phy- 

 fiology m the fchool of St. Come. He was alfo, in fuccef- 

 fion, made honorary member of feveral foreign academies, to 

 whofe tranfadions or memoirs he was a frequent and hberal 

 contributor. His works are "EiTai fur la phyliologie," i2mo. 

 piibli(hed m 1756, and again in 1164.. An elementary 



work, 



