B O R 



work, compofcd for t]ie benefit of his pxipils: " Remarqucs 

 fur rinfeiifibilitc de quclqiie prirties," l2mo. 1757. He 

 reckons the tendons and apoiicurofcs of the mufcles among 

 the infenfible parts. In 1768, he piibliflied a tranllation 

 of Haller'a Elements of Plivfiology into French ; in 1769, 

 '■ DifTertation far les antilcptiques," Svo. ; and in I774» 

 " Mcmoiics furlc danger dcs canUiqnes pour la cure radicale 

 des hernies," 121110. For the titles and account of his 

 dillerlationf, puhlillud by the academies with which he cor- 

 refpondcd, Ice Haller Bib. Chirurg. Elov. Dia. Hilh 



PORDENTOWN, in Geogr„phy, a pleafant town of 

 America, in Burlington county. New Jerley, fituatc at the 

 mouth of Croifwick's creek, on the ealt bank of a great 

 bend of Delaware river ; 6 miles below Trenton, 9 N. E- 

 from Burlington by water, and 15 by land, and 24 miles N.E. 

 from Piiiladelpliia. This town co;U;:in? nbout 100 houfes, 

 and is a thoroughfare from New York to Philadelphin. 



BORDER, in Giirdf/thig, a narrow ttripc or portion of 

 ground 



ling along the fides of the wails, or other fences 

 tliat indole gardens, and ornamented lands, and wliiclibounu 

 the ivalks, or fcrve to feparate the different principal divifions 

 of the former, the earth being generally laid out in a gently 

 Hoping manner from the front to the back parts. Thefe com- 

 partments are either of the ufeful or ornamental dclcription. 

 Thofe of the firft kind, are fuch as are carried round the 

 walls of garden^grounds, and which are mollly employed, 

 cfpecially where the afpeft is to the fouth, in planting 

 out various forts of fruit-trees upon, fuch as cherries, 

 figs, plums, apples, pears, peaches, neftarings, apricots, 

 &c. in order to their being trained to the walls or fences, 

 fo as to form wall-trees, as well as extremely ufeful in 

 raifing different early efculent herbs, roots, and leguminous 

 crops ; and on the other afpetls, for the fov.'ing, rearing, and 

 pricking out of many forts of feeds and plants upon, in the 

 fummer feafon, that require a cool fituation, or a degree of 

 fhade at particular periods of their growth. The general 

 rule in laying out thefe borders is, that of making them 

 with a breadth iu proportion to the height of the walls, 

 or palings towards which they are formed, which fliould 

 never be lefs than eight or twelve feet. They were formerly 

 made not more than five or fix feet in breadth, which is 

 much too narrow for convenience in the culture of the 

 plants, or the management of the trees that may be 

 planted on them. Where trees are to be planted as efpa- 

 iiers, ten or twelve feet are the breadths that fiiould, in moll 

 cafes, be allowed. 



As to borders intended for the raifing and growth of differ- 

 ent forts of flowers, or for fmall fiirubs and herbaceous plants ; 

 or flowers being planted out in affemblage or mixture with 

 each other, five -or fix feet in the former, and tight in the 

 latter, may be proper breadths fur the purpofe. 



Their depths, where trees are to be planted, fliould never 

 be lefs than two feet at the walk, gradually increafing to 

 three at the backs or fences. Some fruit-trees, however, 

 require much more, as pears and apples. In other cafes, 

 one foot at the walks, and two at the backs, may form a 

 fuflicient depth and flope for the perfcft culture of the crops 

 that may be grown upon them. For flowers, and the 

 fmaller forts of fhrubs, it is often convenient to have them 

 a little rounded on the furface. Where the fituations in 

 which the borders are made are of the more moill and reten- 

 tive kinds, having clayey, or gravcllv and cankery bottoms, 

 proper drains ihuuld be formed, and conduced along the 

 fronts of borders to the full depth of the fubfoils, in order, 

 effedfnally, to convey off the injurious wetnefs that may 

 take place, and allow of a fuitable b'-d being formed for the 

 upper foil. This is often effetted by paving the bottoms 



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of the beds with tiles or bricks. But n mucli k-fs enpenfive, 

 and at the fame time, equally effeaual method is advifed by 

 the author of the "Scotch Forcing Gardener," which in, 

 that of letting the bottoms be laid in a floping diredion 

 from tlie walls to the drains, a fall of fix inches being given, 

 iirll with a layer of good loam, two inches in thickn;f«, 

 being fprcad evenly, and well rolkd down ; then a fiinilar 

 ftratumof clear pit or river gravel applied over it, and forceH 

 down in the lame manner ; upon this, another coat of loamy 

 earth is to be depofitcd to the thicknels of an inch or more, 

 and well prefied down ; the whole being executed while the 

 matciialsareiiw rather dry condition, 'i'htfe fliould be after- 

 wards a little moidened, and lyell rolled down till the fiirface 

 becomes gla/.ed, the waterings and rollings being continued 

 alternately, till the whole acquires a fliining hardntfs, ani the 

 gravel begins to lliow itfeU' clearly through the lonmy coat. 

 In this way, it is afL-rtcd, bottoms may be formed, through 

 wliicli the roots of no trees can penetrate, and which are at 

 the fame time perfctUy favourable to the growth cf trees 

 and plants. 



In conftituting the borders, thofe fubllances and mixtures 

 of different nuiterials, which are molt adapted to the growth 

 and fucccfs of particular forts of trees or plants, willbe ex- 

 plained in defcribing the culture which they require. Where 

 the railing and growth of molt forts of culinary vegetable* 

 are the principal objeft of borders, there fliould be coiillantly 

 a due proportion of good vegetable mould, in combination 

 with a proper quantity of rich, mellow, loamy earth, a 

 fuitable portion of well-rotted liable dung, according to 

 circiimllaaces, being incorporated with them, which produce 

 them in the grcatell perfetlion. 



There is another fort of ufeful border, which is that 

 which divides or (urrounds the principal compartments or 

 divifions of kitchen-garden grounds, and which immediately 

 bounds or verges the main walks, as being convenient foF 

 planting ranges of dwarf-apple, pear, plum, cherry, medlar, 

 and other trees upon, as efpaliers, as well as for the culture 

 of many herbaceous, efculent plants. The line of cfpalier 

 trees, in thefe cafes, fkould be planted at leafl three or four 

 feet from the outer edges, fo that there may be three or four 

 feet borders on the outfide next the walks, and a fmaller one 

 on the infide of the efpaliers, the broader outlide borders 

 ferving for the rearing and culture of many low-growing, 

 efculent plants; and fometimes, where thekitchen and flower- 

 garden are united, as flower-borders. The fmaller inward 

 borders may be found ufeful in raifing many forts of fmall 

 plants and herbs, as lettuces, &c. 



Borders of the latter, or ornamental fort, as thofe of 

 pleafure or other grounds, mull be formed according to 

 circumftances. It was formerly the tafle, in many places, 

 to liave almoll every walk bounded on each fide by a border 

 cmbtlliflied with various ornamental plants ; this tafle has 

 now, however, in a great meafure, given way to that of 

 planting only on one fide. A fine walk, ornamented on 

 each fide by fpacious borders, fully planted out with curious 

 flowering ihrubs, and other plants, have, notwithllanding, 

 a fine appearance and good effeft in many fituations. 



Borders of curious flowers, carried along the boundaries 

 of grafs plats, or lawns contiguous to the houfe, whether 

 formed in a llraight orfurpentine manner, produce an agree- 

 able cffeft, and much variety. The borders for particular 

 kinds of flowers, fuch as the curious forts of hyacinths, 

 tulips, ranunculufes, anemones, carnations, and various 

 others, may be made either along the fides of walks, or 

 detached in other parts of gardens, or ornamented ground*. . 

 Such borders as immediately bound or verge gravel, or 

 fandy walks, fhould be planted on the fides, with edgings of 

 G 2 fomc 



