B O R 



Tl»i* i< the GiiuljnJ duck of Latliam, who iiifi>rms ns it 

 i» a oalivc of Iceland, where it inhabits fens, and is very 

 fcarce. 



BoREALis, a fpccies of Tkinca, the belly and legs of 

 which arc fufcous ; body above cinereous, beneath white ; 

 tail and winp« dufkv. Tonnd in Kinjj George's bay. 

 This is the Boreal fanil-piper of Lnthar.i. Tlie bill is 

 fliort, black, and lomewhat gibbous at the tip ; cyc-brows 

 white. 



BoREALis, a fpecics of MoTACiLLA, of a green colour; 

 beneath yellow ; front, throat, and temples ferruginous ; 

 tail rotund, feathers on the liJes and at the tips white. A 

 native of Kamtichatka, called by Lalluim the Ri'jly headed 

 warbler. 



Obf. The bill is pale ; legs black ; and the whole body 

 tinj<cd with olivaceous colour. 



BOREAS, a Greek name now in pnpuhr life, for tlic 

 north wind. Etymologifts ufually derive the word f:om 

 /Son, clamor, noife ; or from Pafx, food, becaufe it creates an 

 appetite. 



Ptzron obfcrves, that anciently, and with much greater 

 propriety, Boreas fignilied the nortli-call wind, blowing at the 

 time cf the fummer folitice ; he adds, that the word comts 

 from llie Celtic lore, morning ; becaufe their principal litjht, 

 in that feafon, came from that quarter, whence alfo the 

 winds then ufually blew. 



The Greeks erected an altar to Boreas, whom they con- 

 fidered as a deity, the fon of Allneus and Aurora, whole 

 feat was in Thrace. He is reprcfcnted on the temj)le of the 

 eight winds at Athens with his robe before his mouih, as if 

 he felt the cold of the climate over which he prcfi.los, agree- 

 ably to the defcription of Ovid, who calls him gc'.uhis tyran- 

 nus, the (hivering tyrant. Met. vi. ver. 711. But he is 

 ufuaily defcribed by the Roman poets as violent and impetu- 

 ous. Ibid. ver. 686 — ver. 707. 



The qualities allowed by naturaliils to this wind are cold- 

 nefs and drynefs. 



Boreas, in Entomology, a fpecies of Bombyx, {Phal. 

 Linn.) the wings of which are tailed, and varied with cine- 

 reous and fufcous ; on the firll, or anterior pair two dots, on 

 the poilerior wings a fingle tranfparent one. Fabricius, &c. 

 This is a native of America, and has the anterior wings fal- 

 cated. 



Boreas, a fpecies of Cancer, in the family AJlacus, that 

 inhabits the north feas ; it is diftingnillied by having the 

 thorax aculeated, and the fecond and third pair of legs fili- 

 form. Fabr. 



Obf. The beak of this kind is fliort, dcprcfTed, acute, 

 grooved on each fide with a ftrong tooth beneath. 



Boreas, in Ancient Geography, a mountain of Arcadia, 

 on which are the remains of an old temple, which, it is pre- 

 tended, was built by UlyfTes after his return from Troy. 



BOREASMI, were feafts inllituted at Athens in honour 

 of Boreas, who was thought to bear fome relation to the 

 Athenians, as he had married Orithya, the daughter of Erec- 

 theus ; for which rcafon, when, in a fea-fight, many of the 

 fhips of their enemies were dellroyed by a north wind, the 

 Athenians imputed it to the kindnefs manifelied by Boreas 

 to the native country of his wife. Paiifanias Attic. We 

 are informed by the fame author ( Arcad.) that folemn facri- 

 fices were offered to Boreas at Megalopolis in Arcadia, where 

 he had a temple, and divine honours. 



BORECH, in Natural Hijlory, a kind of fait brought 

 from Ferfia. 



BORECOLE, or BoORCOLE, in ylgricuhure, a plant of 

 the cabbage kind, fometimes cultivated in the tield for the 

 purpofe of a greeii winter food for cattle ftock. There are 



B O R 



three forts of it, the common borecole, the gvccti borecole, 

 and the Siberian borecole, or curled cole, or kale. The laft 

 fort is the moll hardy. 



Thefe plants are grown to mnft advantage m the field, 

 where the foils are rather (Irong, frefli, rich, and deep, whe- 

 ther of the clayey or loamy kind ; and wliere they have been 

 deeply llirred by the plout^h, and had a good proportion of 

 inanure turned in. See Brassica. 



In Mr. Baker's experiments in planting them in rows at the 

 diftance of two feet each way, for the ule of the hprfe hoe ; 

 the produce was very confiderable. And he fuppofes that it 

 would be Hill greater, if thsy were cultivated ai the diflance 

 of eighteen inches. If the crops were equally good, there 

 wo'.dd be, he afferts, from the produce he has already ob- 

 tained, in the full method, feventeen tons fifteen hundred 

 weight on the acre ; and in the latter, moi-e than twenty -three 

 tons twelve hundred. On this accotint, as well as that of 

 their being cipable of bci.ig cut over two or three times, and 

 their (landing the fevereft fi-olt, it is concluded that they are 

 highly deferving the grazing farmer's attention as a winter 

 food for cattle and !hetp, though it isconfefiVd that the firft 

 produce may not be fo great as in the common cabbage, but 

 that deficiency is made up by the fueceedi;)g ones. There 

 is likevvil'e rather more trouble in collefting the food and 

 conveying it to the animals. 



It is fuggtiled, without having been fubjcfted to the teft 

 of adlual experiment, tliat the beil mode of confimiing this 

 fort of food by (licep ftock, would be to have two fmall 

 fields under this kind of crop, proportionate to the number 

 of animals; and to turn the ewes or other flieep into one 

 of them about the beginning of September, or the fol- 

 lowing month, for a few hours in the mornings and evenings 

 fur five or fix weeks ; lodging them on a portion of grafs 

 or fallow ground near it for the reil of the time, in order 

 that they may evacuate therr.felveR, by which much improve- 

 ment may beproduc^rd in fuch land?; and when all the more 

 luxuriant leaves of this pitrce have been cropped and con- 

 fumed, the other field flu.uld be managed in the fame way. 

 In this method it is fuppofed that a ilock of llore (heep 

 might be kept a whole winter at a very moderate expence ; 

 and while the produce of one piece was confuming, the other 

 would be coming forward- It is remarked, that the flock 

 (hould not be kept fo 1 nig upon the -crops as to injure the 

 ilems of the plants, as that might check the fucceeding 

 growth of the leaves. This plan is obviuufiy confined to 

 ewes or llore fhcep. 



It is doubtful, however, whether tlie expence of cultivat- 

 ing this fort of crop, except in particular foils, fituations, and 

 fevere feafons, will admit of its being ufed as a winter flieep 

 food in preference to turnips, or other fimilar articles of 

 fodder. 



Borecole, in Botany. See Brassica. 

 BOREE. See Bourp.ee. 



BOREELI CoPEx, in B'Mcr.l Hljlory, a MS. noted F. 

 in the firll part ofWetftein's N. T. which contains the four 

 gofpcK, beginning with Matth. vii. 6. and having the two 

 following chafms, Matth. xiii. l^ — 58. and Mark vi. 6 — 16. 

 It v-jas formerly in the pofTeflion of John Boreel, Dutch 

 ambaflador at the court of London, in the reign of James I. 

 Its prefent fituatiou is unknown. 



BOREK, in Geography^ a town of Poland, in the pala- 

 tine of Kalilh ; 28 miks W. of Kalifli. Here is a famous 

 image of the virgin Mary, to which pilgrims refort. — Alfo, 

 a fmall town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saaz. 



BOREL, Peter, \x\ BiograpLy, born at Caftres in Lan- 

 guedoc, about the 3-ear 1620, after being initiated in claffical 

 literature by his father, James Borel, from whom he alfo re- 

 ceived 



